Despite the progress in the comprehensive management of colorectal cancer,locally advanced (T3 and T4 stages) and metastatic colorectal cancer is still a challenging problem.Although researches on neoadjuvant therapy and targeted therapy have obtained many encouraging results,many unanswered questions still remain.These include the indication of multivisceral resection for locally advanced colorectal cancer,the optimal management of patients with hepatic and (or) pulmonary metastasis.R0 resection was the first choice for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer,but it is only suitable for selected patients.Chemotherapy and targeted therapy are effective in converting some unresectable liver metastasis into resectable disease.This review focuses on recent improvements in the management of locally advanced colorectal cancer,as well as the management of hepatic and (or) pulmonary metastasis.

OBJECTIVE: To provide references for the improvement of drug recall system in China.METHODS: The problems existing in the drug recall system in China were analyzed through a comparison of the drug recall system between China and Australia.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: China should draw useful experiences from Australia to improve its drug recall system by perfecting the legal system and tracking measures,determining stratified drugs and the responsibilities of government etc.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the level of postprandial blood glucose (PBG)and the incidence of coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods Eighty-five patients performed coronary angiography with abnormal blood glucose levels were divided into 3 groups according the blood glucose levels: impaired fasting glucose(IFG)group(28 cases), impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)group(29cases)and diabetes mellitus(DM)group(28 cases). The detection rate and the extent of CAD were observed. The risk factors of CAD in 3 groups such as C-reactive protein(CRP),carotid artery intima-media thickness(CIMT), blood lipids, blood pressure, body mass index(BMI)and the correlation with CAD were analyzed. Results Sixty-two cases were confirmed CAD by coronary angiography. The incidence rate of CAD in IGT group[79.3%(23/29)]and DM group[85.7%(24/28)]was significantly higher than that in IFG group[53.6%(15/28)](P ＜ 0.01). The incidence rate of CAD in DM group was higher than that in IGT group, but there was no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05). The incidence rate of two-lesion and three-lesion in IGT group and DM group were significantly higher than those in IFG group(P＜ 0.01). The incidence rate of two-lesion and three-lesion in DM group were higher than those in IGT group, but there was no significant difference(P＞0.05). The levels of CRP, CIMT, BMI, triacylglycerol(TG)and systolic blood pressure(SBP)were higher and HDL-C was lower in IGT group and DM group than those in IFG group(P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).The levels of CRP,TG and SBP were higher in DM group than those in IGT group(P＜0.05). Correlation analysis showed, in IGT group and DM group,2 h PG had significantly positive correlation with CRP, CIMT,B MI, TG(P＜0.05 or＜0.01), and had significantly negative correlation with HDL-C(P＜0.05 or ＜0.01).Conclusions PBG is closely related with the development of CAD.IGT patients should be intervened as early as possible, which can be effective in preventing cardiovascular events.

Objective To indentify the gene expression on different fractionated radiation regimens with the same total radiation dose in xenografts with human lung adenocareinoma. Methods Forty-eight BALB/c-nu mice, implanted with human lung adenocarcinoma (Anip973), were randomized into 4 groups: normal control greup,60 Gy in 30 fractions conventional radiation group (2 Gy group) ,60 Gy in 10 fractions hypofractionated radiation group (6 Gy group) ,60 Gy in 6 fractions hypofractionaed radiation group (10 Gy group). Gene alterations were investigated with the microchip analytical procedures covering the entire genome. Genes with significantly different expression were further validated by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Compared to the 2 Gy group, the expression of the genes related with the cell growth inhibition and apoptesis was increased, while the genes related with the cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis and DNA damage repair were decreased in the 6 Gy and 10 Gy groups. Confirmed by RT-PCR, c-myc gene was distinctly suppressed in the 6 Gy group (2. 9%) comparing with 2 Gy (5.6%) group and 10 Gy (4.8%) group (P=0. 000,P=0. 002) , and was slightly suppressed in the 10 Gy group comparing with 2 Gy group (P = 0. 069). Conclusions In the BALB/c-nu mice implanted with human lung adenocarcinoma, the hypofractionated radiation regimens clearly inhibit the tumor growth more than conventional fractionation group, though with the same total dose. The 6 Gy group seem to be more effective than 10 Gy group in the inhibition of tumor growth.

It is difficult to extract signals under Low Signal Noise Ratio in biomedical signal processing. The elimination of movement artifact is really a bottleneck. A new solution for the movement artifact in pulse signal is proposed in this paper. According to pulse signal features, the signal is decomposed by using wavelet transform firstly. Then empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is applied to the wavelet coefficients in frequency band of useful signals, thus the signal and movement artifact can be distinguished effectively. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by signal-to-noise ratio, energy ratio, cross correlation coefficient and power spectrum. This method can eliminate not only movement artifact, but also baseline wander and high-frequency noise. Thus, it provides an effective approach for the calculation of pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Humans ; Pulse ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To study the effects of asiaticoside on the growth of melanoma B16 cell cultures in vitro. Methods Melanoma B16 cells were subcultured and the inhibition of cellular growth was investigated. The morphology of the cells was observed after inhibition. The induction of apoptosis by asiaticoside was determined by flow cytometry. Results It was found that asiaticoside could significantly inhibit the growth of B16 cell cultures in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The annexin-v positive cells were increased, along with that cells intaking R123 marked mitochondria were decreased, and PI positive cells increased, which indicated that cellular apoptosis was induced. Conclusion Asiaticoside plays an inhibitory role in the growth of melanoma B16 cells.

Objective To select and identify human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-A2-restricted T-cell epitope within heparanase(Hpa),and to provide aeademic bases for peptide-based immunotherapy with malignant tumor.Methods The Hpa sequence was scanned for prediction of the immunogenic peptides-based CTL epitopes using the HLA-binding prediction software SYFPEITHI and BIMAS.Ten the affinity of candidate epitopes to HLA-A2 was evaluated by T2 binding test.Acfivation of T cell was assessed by ELIS-POT and cytotoxictiy by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)release assay.Results of the six predicted nona-peptides,Hpa(310-318,FLNPDVLDI)showed high affinity of binding to HLA-A2 and led to IFN-γ secre-tion in vitro.Furthermore,Hpa(310-318) FLNPDVILDI could induce PBMC from a HLA-A2 positive healthy donor to lyse specifically HCC-LM6 and SW-480 cells which expressing both Hpa and HLA-A2.Conclusion The nona-peptide Hpa(310-318)FLNPDVLDI may be all HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitope.which is capable of inducing Hpa-specific CTL in vitro.

Objective:This study aimed to detect the special methylation profile in peripheral blood for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods:The methylation status of 12 tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in the plasma of 55 HCCs and 54 chronic liver diseases (CLDs) was tested by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Results:In HCC, the methylation frequencies were 78.18%in APC, 63.64%in cyclin D2, 58.18% in TFPI2, 49.09% in DKK3, 49.09% in GSTP1, 47.27% in p16, 40.00% in Sigma 14-3-3, 18.18% in SFRP2, 16.36% in ppENK, 9.09% in DKK2, 7.27% in NPTX2, and 5.45% in LHX1. In CLD, the methylation frequencies were 27.78% in APC, 22.22%in cyclin D2, 7.41%in TFPI2, 3.70%in DKK3, 16.67%in GSTP1, 37.04%in p16, 37.04%in Sigma 14-3-3, 11.11%in SFRP2, 20.37%in ppENK, 7.41%in DKK2, 7.41%in NPTX2, and 9.26%in LHX1. The methylation frequencies of APC, cyclin D2, TFPI2, DKK3, and GSTP1 were higher in HCC than in CLD (P<0.01). The methylation index (MI) of the five-gene methylation profile was statistically higher in HCC (median, 0.6;IQR, 0.4-0.8) than CLD (median, 0.2;IQR, 0-0.2) (P<0.01). In HCC, MI was statistically related to the patient's age. Older patients with HCC had a higher MI. No significant correlation was observed between MI and other clinicopathological data. Moreover, MI was not related to the disease free survival and the overall survival in HCC. Conclusion:This five-gene methylation profile may be a promising biomarker for the assistant diagnosis of HCC.

Objective To apply special staining techniques in pathological diagnosis of fungal infections in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods Pathological data of 20 HIV/AIDS patients complicated with fungi infections in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center during February 2010 and November 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE),Periodic acidSchiff (PAS) and methenamine silver nitrate (MSN),and the sections were observed under optical microscope.Results Among 20 HIV/AIDS patients complicated with fungi infections,2 were infected with pulmonary cryptococcosis; 3 were penicillium marneffei infections in skin,lung and abdominal mesenteric lymph nodes; 5 were histoplasma capsulatum infections in epiglottis,neck lymph nodes,oral cavity,abdominal cavity and skin; 4 were aspergillus infections in maxillary sinus,lung and vocal cords,and 3 of them were combined with tuberculous lesions; 6 were candida albicans infections in liver,pharynx,esophagus and stomach.In tissues stained with HE the infiltration of inflammatory cells,granuloma formation and coagulative necrosis were observed,and the shape of fungi needed careful observation to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.In tissues stained with PAS,fungal spores and pseudohypha were presented in bright amaranth,and cell nucleus was in purple-blue.In tissues stained with MSN,fungal spores and pseudohypha were identified clearly in brown-black.Conclusion HE plus PAS and MSN staining will help pathological diagnosis of fungi infection.

Objective To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of domestic Firebird rapamycin-eluting stent in treatment of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods The 465 patients with CAD received percutaneous interventional therapy with domestic Firebird or imported Cypher rapamycin-eluting stent based on patients' will and they were followed up for more than 24 months. Results The 321 cases in Firebird group were followed up for (45.3 ±11.1)months, with 166 cases (51.7%) received reexamination by coronary angiography. The 144 patients in Cypher group were followed up for (46.1 ± 12. 1) months, with 82 patients (56.3%) received reexamination by coronary angiography. At the termination of follow-up, there were no significant differences in all-cause death (7.8% vs. 7.6 %, x2 = 1.32, P = 0. 250), cardiac death (5.9% vs.5.6%, x2 =0. 02, P=0. 877), acute myocardial infarction (2.8% vs. 3.4%, x2 =0. 15, P=0. 697),cardiovascular-cause rehospitalization (29.6% vs. 31.9 %, x2 =0.26, P=0. 610), acute and subacute thrombosis events (0.9% vs. 1.3%, x2 =0.19, P=0.661), late thrombotic events (1.2% vs.1.3%, x2 =0. 02, P=0. 900) and target lesion revascularization (3.4% vs. 4.2%, x2 =0. 15, P=0. 694) between two groups. Conclusions Domestic Firebird rapamycin-eluting stent has the same or similar long-term safety and efficacy with imported Cypher rapamycin-eluting stent.