BACKGROUND:Titanium al oy with good biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties have been widely used in clinic. How to give its excel ent antibacterial properties so as to cope with plant-associated infections has become a research focus in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To review the principle, techniques, classification and relative merits of antimicrobial coating. METHODS:A computer-based search of Scopus database and VIP database was performed by the first author to retrieve relevant articles published from January 1990 to January 2014 using the keywords of“titanium al oy, plant, antibacterial, coating”. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Coatings can be classified into antibiotic coating, non-antibiotic organic antimicrobial coating, inorganic antibacterial coating, anti-adhesion coating, antibacterial bioactive polymer coating, al of which have better biocompatibility, but also have their limitations. Current studies concerning antimicrobial coatings mainly focus on how to enhance the binding force between antimicrobial coating and the substrate as wel as how to get a good anti-bacterial ability, biocompatibility, high wear resistance and persistence;antibacterial phase structure and distribution effects on the bacterial colonization. The antibacterial phase structure and distribution is the key factor for the antimicrobial properties of titanium al oys with either entirely added anti-bacterial elements or surface coating.

Objective To investigate the influence of three kinds of different Ca~(2+) concentration of dialysate on serum calcium,calcium-phosphorus product,serum PTH and CRP in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods 45 patients of maintenance hemodialysis with ages ≥18 years were selected.They were divided randomly three groups,and be given three different kinds of Ca~(2+) concentration of dialysate to carry out hemodialysis with 3 months.Then the patients' variation of blood pressure and whether there were low calcium spasm or ostealgia were abserved during hemodialysis whole range.In addition,changes of their serum calcium、phosphorus、iPTH and CRP at pretherapy and three months after reatment were also detected.Results After three months of hemodialysis,serum iPTH in patients with low Ca~(2+) concentration dialysate increased obviously,and the serum CRP decreased significantly(P0.05),and serum CRP increase notably(P

BACKGROUND: Current numerous studies have confirmed that silver nanoparticles have been extensively applied due to their good anti-bacterial performances. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the overseas and domestic research and development of anti-bacterial silver coating based on the anti-bacterial mechanism and bio-safety of silver nanoparticles as wel as progression of anti-bacterial silver coating. METHODS: The first author retrieved the databases of Web of Science, PubMed and CNKI for relative articles published from January 1976 to January 2015. The keywords were “silver nanoparticles, titanium al oy, implant, antibacterial properties, biosecurity, coating” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Because of their smal dimension and quantum effects, as wel as great specific surface area, silver nanoparticles can be in close contact with pathogenic microorganisms to exert biological effects. Additional y, silver nanoparticles exhibit the excellent resistance to bacteria, fungi, viruses and cancer cel s. However, most of their mechanisms of biological effects remain unclear, and there are unresolved problems about the slow-release time of silver nanoparticles in vivo and how to control the slow-release silver ions. Besides, there are fewer long-term animal experiments. Therefore, a large number of laboratory and clinical studies are needed to ensure that silver nanoparticles cannot cause adverse reactions during long-term administration and how to reduce their toxicity.

Objective To explore the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of echocardiography parameters ,and the diagnostic value of multiple parameters score . Methods Forty‐nine cases of the fetus checked by fetal echocardiography and were indicated aortic coarctation . According to the results of follow‐up ,the cases were divided into the positive and negative groups . Comprehensive analysis were performed in fetal echocardiography parameters ,such as diameter ratio and velocity ratio of ventricle ,aorta ,pulmonary artery ,ductus artery ,middle cerebral artery and umbilical artery . Results Diameter ratio of left ventricle/right ventricle ( LV/RV ) ,pulmonary artery/aorta ( PA/AO ) ,aortic isthmus/ductus artery ( AI/DA ) ,and velocity ratioof middle cerebral artery/inner umbilical artery ( MCA/inUA ) were calculated ,ROC curve showed their area under ROC were>0 .5 with a significant statistical significance ( P < 0 .05) . The Chi‐square test showed that the consistency of any single ratio was relatively low . When the number of the ratiois increased to 3-4 ,the Kappa value was 0 .687( P = 0 .000) and 0 .649( P = 0 .000) ,respectively , which had relatively high diagnostic value . Conclusions Ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal coarctation of aorta has certain difficulty ,and the value of single hemodynamic parameter of fetal echocardiography in diagnosis of fetal aortic coarctation is lower ,so that the comprehensive evaluation and combined multiple ultrasonic parameters can improve the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound diagnosis .

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between Chinese medical constitutions and chemotherapy-induced leucopenia (CIL) of primary breast cancer patients.

METHODSTotally 306 breast cancer patients undergoing adjunctive chemotherapy for the 1st time, and effective 291 breast cancer patients were recruited in this study.Nine Basic Constitutional Scale was used before first chemotherapy. Chinese medical constitutions were classified and quantitatively scored. The highest grading for any item of adverse reactions in each case during the whole chemotherapy course was recorded after chemotherapy. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS16.0.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in CIL between different chemotherapy regimens and various Chinese medical constitutions of breast cancer patients (P > 0.05). Yang deficiency constitution is one risk factor for CIL. The higher the score of yang deficiency constitution, the more severe the CIL.

CONCLUSIONSYang deficiency constitution was correlated with the degree of CIL. The higher the score of yang deficiency constitution, the greater the risk of III-IV grade CIL in breast cancer patients.

Breast Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Yang Deficiency

Objective To determine the effect of paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) on growth of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in vitro.Methods Expression of PirB in RGCs isolated from wild-type C57 BJ/6 mice was measured by immunofluorescence.Real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to detect PirB expressions in RGCs cultured for 1,3,5,7 and 9 days.Primary cultured RGCs were left untreated as controls,transfected with lentiviral-delivered PirB RNAi as Group A,lentiviral-delivered NgR RNAi as Group B,lentiviral-delivered PirB RNAi plus ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) as Group C,lentiviral-delivered NgR plus CNTF as Group D,and only CNTF as Group E.Growth and development of RGCs were evaluated by MTT assay and morphological analysis.Results Immunofluorescence confirmed expression of PirB in RGCs,with its mRNA and protein levels changing from increase at first to decrease later with time,up to peak at days 5 and 7.PirB and NgR were respectively down-regulated in Groups A and B.Viability of RGCs was improved in Group A compared with control group [(40.2 ± 5.3) μm vs (29.1 ± 3.8) μm at day 3 ; (72.2 ± 4.2) μm vs (52.3 ± 8.2) μm at day 5,both P ＜ 0.05].By contrast,no significant difference was found in viability of RGCs among Groups B,D and E when compared to control group (P ＞ 0.05).Growth of RGCs between Groups A and C revealed insignificant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Knockdown of PirB is beneficial for the growth of RGCs,suggesting a novel method to treat optic nerve injury.

Objective To investigate the selective oncolytic role and antitumor action of a novel recombinant adenovirus containing E1A and IL-24 on hepatocellular carcinoma cell(HCC). Methods The recombinant adenovirus expressing IL-24 (Ad. HS4. AFP. E1A/IL-24) was constructed by using modified human alpha-fetoprotein (HS4-AFP) promoter to drive adenovirus E1A gene and II-24 gene.Cell Counting Kit-8 were performed to test the selective cytotoxicity of the virus in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SMMC-7721, Hep3B, MHCC97-H and hepatocyte cell line L02 . The mRNA and protein expression of IL-24 gene were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Cell growth curves and Annexin V/PI assay were used to study cell proliferation and apoptosis of MHCC97-H. The anti-metastatic effects of the recombinant adenovirus were evaluated in cell adhesion, migration, and cell motion. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression was examined by RT-PCR and zymography.Results Selective replications of Ad. HS4. AFP. E1A/IL-24 adenovirus were observed in over expression AFP cell line MHCC97-H, a highly metastatic potential HCC cell line but not in hepatocyte cell line L02. The mRNA and protein of IL-24 were also over expressed in MHCC97-H. This recombinant adenovirus also showed the significant oncolytic action on MHCC97-H but not on L02 (P＜0. 05). Besides, the recombinant adenovirus significantly inhibited MHCC97-H metastatic potential such as cell adhesion, migration and invasion as well(P＜0.01). Conclusion The selective oncolytic adenovirus expressing E1A and II-24 has a selective antitumor effect and play an inhibitory role in metastasis of HCC.

Objective To discuss the worthiness of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography in researching normal fetal heart ventricle growth and systolic function. Methods End-systolic volume(EDV),end-diastolic volume(ESV), struggle volume(SV) and ejection fraction(EF) of 54 normal fetal were acquired from 3-D data by Qlab software. The relation between ventricular growth with pregnant week was analysed and the difference of the volume and systolic function between left ventricle with right ventricle were compared. Results Ventricular volume of normal fetal heart (EDV,ESV,SV) were all increased with the gestational ages,there was linear relativity between them,while EF was not increased with pregnant weeks,there was no linear relativity between them. There was no statistics difference on EDV and ESV between left ventricle and right ventricle, while there was statistics difference on SV, EF between them. Conclusions The image of fetal endocarium could be derived clearly by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography, which help to get fetal heart ventricular volume and to study fetal heart growth and function.

Objective To explore whether the use of spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) can supply additional information with respect to conventional fetal echocardiography in the prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection(TAPVC).Methods Twenty-five cases diagnosed as TAPVC received fetal echocardiography examination.Four-dimensional volumes from 19 cases of suspected TAPVC were compared to conventional echocardiography.Echocardiographic characteristics were compared with the results of postnatal work-up and pathology.Results TAPVC was found in 25 cases by fetal echocardiography,four cases were isolated TAPVC,21 TAPVC had associated cardiac anomalies.Among them,nine cases were supracardiac types,six cases were infracardiac types,nine cases were intracardiac types and one was indefinite.Three true positivecases of TAPVC were confirmed after birth.Twenty-two choose to terminate pregnancy,9 of which refused to autopsy,and 10 true positive cases of TAPVC were confirmed at autopsy while 3 were considered false-positive cases.4D ultrasound with STIC clearly visualized the anomalous PV confluence and/or the draining vertical vein in all nineteen cases examined.Conclusions STIC may be proposed to identify abnormal venous drainage at the screening level,thus supplying additional information over that provided by 2D fetal echocardiography.

r study.