BAcKGROUND:The specific research on the interaction between feet and ground when jogging,plays an important role for a deeper understanding of the basic laws of human motion.OBJECTIVE:To test dynamic foot pressure distribution during jogging of 64 undergraduates.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A single sample design,the experiment was carried out in Tianjin Normal University Sports Institute in March 2009.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 68 male collego students,without history of foot traumatic or deformities and with normal ankle joint,were involved in this study.METHODS:Totally 68 university students were analyzed by the Footacan USB2 system(RSscan,Belgium)when jogging atnormal gait(5m/s).Dynamic foot pressure was determined three times.Analysis of foot pressure distribution system could gain a complete gait cycle of foot pressure distribution,data acquisition and analysis software used footscan SOFTWARE7.0,foot process of analysis was divided into 10 regions:the first phalange,the second to the fifth phalanges,the first metatarsal,the second metatarsal,the third metatarsal,the fourth metatarsal,the fifth metatarsal,arch,medial heel and lateral heel.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Foot pressure,intensity of pressure,force interval and impulse when jogging.RESULTS:The foot stress-time curve showed a single peak;foot maximum pressure located at the second metatarsal,the site of impulse descending order was the third metatarsal.the first metatarsal,heel,the first phalange,the fourth metatarsal,the fifth metatarsal,the second to the fifth phalange,arch;the distribution of both feet was similar.The pressure of right foot in the second metatarsal,the first metatarsal and the first phalange was significantly greater than the left foot;The contact phases of the full foot and deport from ground occupied 90% of support time,the pressure center was densely in the middle of half sole,the fore intarval of sole was long.The contact time of right foot was significantly larger than left foot.The biggest impulse was the site of the second metatarsal,the order from great to small was the first metatarsal,the third metatarsal,the first phalange,heel,the fourth metatarsal,arch.the second to the fifth phalange,the fifth metatarsal;the distribution of both feet was similar.The impulse of right foot was greater than left foot,while the impulse of the second metatarsal,the first metatarsal and the first phalange were greater than left foot,the difference had statistical significance.CONCLUSI0N:The largest pressure part is the second metatarsal when jogging,the pressure center in the foot locates in the middle of half sole,and the largest impulse is the second metatarsal,most of the impulse focus on the front end of the first to the third metatarsals of the half sole.It is indicated that the middle part of the footpad would be injured easily when jogging,so we should pay attention to the selection of shoes when exercising.

Hippo pathway is a signaling network involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, whereas Yes-asso-ciated protein (YAP) is the major effector of the pathway. YAP is a candidate oncogene, and dysregulation of the Hippo-YAP pathway is closely related to the occurrence and progression of various tumors. Therefore, Hippo-YAP may provide a novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Some drugs or compounds that regulate the Hippo-YAP pathway activity, such as verteporfin, can inhibit the occur-rence or growth of tumors. This review mainly focuses on the progress of studies on the use of Hippo-YAP signaling pathway as a tar-get of cancer treatment strategies.

Objective To verify the possibility and exactly of ultrasound diagnosing peripheral nerve injection injury,by high-frequency ultrund observing the rabbits' injection injured sciatic nerve and contrasting with pathology.Methods Twenty-two rabbits were enrolled in this study,anesthetized by injected phenobarbital sodium through the ear edge vein.The rabbits' left sciatic nerve were punctured and cidomycin was injected by ultrasound guided.Ultrasound examination on the left sciatic nerve was performed at different time.After each examination 2 rabbits were killed and dissected the affected limb.The sciatic nerve was observed by eyes and under microscope.Results After injection,the sciatic nerves' outer diameter,inner diameter,thickness of the epineurium,the proportion of epineurium was increased (P ＜ 0.05),internal echo of the nerves was reduced (P ＜ 0.05),epineurium became rough (P ＜ 0.05),demarcation with surrounding tissue became gradually fuzzy (P ＜ 0.05),the nerves became rigid (P ＜ 0.05).Observed by microcrope,after injection,hyperemia and hemorrhage of endoneurium and epineurium,inflammatory cell infiltration,damaged nerve fiber structures,desmoplasia inside and outside nerve can be seen.Conclusions The sonogram of injection injured nerve vary in different periods,and related with pathological changes.High-frequency ultrasound is a reliable imaging method of diagnosing sciatic nerve injection injury.

Objective To study the status of coincidence of high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)test and thinprep cytolo-gy test with biopsy histopathologic diagnosis.And to investigate the value of combined detection in the diagnosis of the cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.Methods High-risk HPV test and thinprep cytology test were taken simultaneously in 1374 pa-tients visiting department of gynecological oncology.The diagnostic value of combination assay of these indices was evaluated.Re-sults In 684 patients with ASCUS pathology diagnosis,inflammation accounted for 5 1.3% and CINⅠ accounted for 47.4%.A-mong the 375 patients with LSIL pathology diagnosis,CINⅠ accounted for 48.5% and CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ accounted for 21.3%.Among the 294 patients with HSIL pathological diagnosis,CIN accounted for 24.5%,and CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ accounted for 62.9%.Among 20 pa-tients with SCC pathology diagnosis,CIN Ⅱ - Ⅲ accounted for 20% and cervical cancer accounted for 80%.Statistical analysis showed the difference of diagnostic results between thinprep cytology test and histopathologic diagnosis was statistically significant (P <0.05).The positive rate of high-risk HPV was 74.3%,and the negative rate was 25.7%.The positive rate of high-risk HPV significantly increased along with the rise of pathological level.The difference of pathologic diagnosis results between high-risk HPV positive group and negative group was statistically significant (P <0.05).When thinprep cytology test combined with high-risk HPV test,its sensitivity was 76.5%,and the specificity was 80.3%.The difference of the sensitivity between joint detection and thinprep cytology test was statistically significant (P <0.05).The difference of the specificity between joint detection and high-risk HPV test was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion Combined thinprep cytology test and high-risk HPV test will improve the detection rate of cervical lesions and it is an ideal method to screen for cervical cancer.

Objective To assess and quantitatively analyze the comprehensive benefits of improvement of drinking water quality in Hetian county of Xinjiang Methods The incidences of water borne infectious diseases(dysentery,hepatitis,typhoid and cholera) during 1992~1998 and the effects of health education were reviewed The decreases of the costs for drinking water transportation and the saving of medical expenses were analyzed quantitatively Results 95% of the total population were benefited from the improvement of drinking water quality The incidence rates of water borne infectious diseases except dysentery revealed a decreasing trend during 1992~1998 in Hetian county The benefited population presented higher levels of sanitary knowledge and good sanitary habits By the end of 2000,the accumulative investment for water improvement reached up to 45 50 million yuan,the saving of the costs for drinking water transportation and medical expenses was from 18 64 million yuan to 42 46 million yuan and 6 60 million yuan respectively,the benefit of building water plants and the development of peasant family economy was 2 91 million yuan and 35 56 million yuan respectively The totoal direct economic benefit reached from 67 31 million yuan to 87 52 million yuan Conclusion The project of improvement of drinking water quality revealed significant social and economic benefit,which had obviously exceeded the total investment

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of SAA by detecting their expression levels in patients with lung cancer and the analysis of the relativity of SAA for early diagnosis.Methods There are 243 cases specimens obtained from lung cancer patients who were newly diagnosed and without any treatment in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from April 2014 to June 2015.The 243 lung cancer individuals were 147 male, and 96 female, their ages ranged from 29 to 85 years, with an average age of 63 years.The distribution of pathological type was as follows:95 patients were adenocarcinoma, 102 patients were squamous carcinoma, and 46 patients were small cell carcinoma.The distribution of TNM staging systems was as follows: 59 patients in stage 1and stage 2, 54 patients in stage 3, and 130 patients in stage 4.While 179 cases physical examination as the control.There were 94 individuals male, and 85 individuals female.Their ages ranged from 26 to 86 years, with an average age of 61 years.By using latex enhanced immune turbidimetric method, serum SAA concentrations in patients with lung cancer and healthy controls were checked on the Hitachi-7600 automated chemistry analyzer ( Hitachi ).The comparisons of all analyses values between healthy controls and lung cancer were estimated by two independent samples nonparametric tests ( Mann-Whitney U).The association between SAA and lung cancer prognostic factors such as age, smoking status and metastasis, was evaluated by spearman correlation and multivariate analysis.Results The median and interquartile spacing of SAA concentration was 42.36 mg/L (9.35, 74.22) in lung cancer patients.While 24 mg/L ( 3.25, 21.45 ).The median level of SAA in lung cancer patients (42.36 mg/L) were significantly higher than in healthy controls (11.24 mg/L), and difference reached statistically significant (Z=-2.403,P=0.006).Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in SAA concentrations among the different pathological types(Z=-1.013, P=0.339), ages (Z=0.578, P=0.458) and gender(Z=0.726, P=0.246) of lung cancer patients.While the level of SAA in has smoking status (Z=-2.282, P=0.013) and distant metastasis (Z=-2.138, P=0.017) of lung cancer was higher.By drawing ROC curve, the cut off value of SAA in distinguishing lung cancer with healthy control was 14.48 mg/L.Meanwhile, the AUC was 0.811, the accuracy is 89.12% and the sensitivity was 88.73%.Serum concentration was positively related with smoking status ( r =0.331, P =0.018 ) and distant metastasis ( r =0.372, P=0.015 ) by Spearman correlation analysis .Conclusion Serum SAA concentrations may contribute to the auxiliary diagnosis of lung cancer, evaluate the clinical stage and distant metastases of lung cancer.

Objective To study the relationship between mutation of rpsL drug-resistant gene in L-forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug-resistance to streptomycin in pneumoconiosis patients.Methods A total of 52 clinical isolated strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis L-forms were collected from 97 pneumoconiosis patients.The mutation of rpsL gene was detected by PCR-SSCP,and the drug-resistance to streptomycin was performed by routine antimicrobial susceptibility test(AST).Results The results of drug susceptibility test showed that 26 in the 52 clinical isolated strains were drug-resistant to streptomycin.The streptomycin-resistant rate was 50.00%(26/52).The gene mutation rate of rpsL detected by PCR-SSCP was 40.38%(21/52).The coincidence rate of two experimental results was 80.77%(21/26).Conclusion High detectable rate of streptomycin-resistant strains in Mycobacterium tuberculosis L-forms was found by PCR-SSCP.The application of PCR-SSCP may possess important value for guiding clinical medication of pneumoconiosis patients complicated with tuberculosis among coal workers

Objective To observe the immunohistochemical expression of lymphocyte subpopulationin in brain and spinal cord tissue,and explore the mechanism of Zuogui wan and Yougui wan on rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).Methods Lewis rats were immunized with the myelin basic protein(MBP).120 rats were grouping randomly into normal group,EAE group,prednisone group,Zuoguiwan group and Youguiwan group after post immunization(PI).Rats in normal group and EAE group were administered normal soline,each 3 mL/d.Rats in prednisone group were administered suspension of prednisone after developed clinical signs,each 5 mg/kg.Rats in Zuoguiwan group were administered suspension of Zuoguiwan,each 2 g/kg,and rats in Youguiwan group were administered suspension of Youguiwan,each 3 g/kg.On 15th and 27th day after PI,rats were killed and the immunohistochemical staining was performed on the sections of brain and spinal cord.Results On 15th and 27th day after PI,the expression of CD4+ in brain and spinal cord tissue of EAE group were significantly higher than that in normal group(P

Objective To assess the CT perfusion characteristics of breast diseases. Methods Twenty-two patients with fibroadenoma accompanied with cyst (n=1), other benign diseases (n=5), and carcinomas (n=16) underwent breast CT scan. CT perfusion was performed for breast with cine mode (0.5 s per rotation ) on a multislice CT scanner ,120 kV, 60 mA, 4?5 mm collimation. Contrast injection was done by using 50 ml nonionic contrast agent ( 300 mg I/ml ), at a flow rate of 4 ml/s with a power injector, 5 seconds delay, and data acquisition lasted for 50 seconds. These data were processed on a GE AW 4.1 workstation using perfusion 3 software package, and the mean BF, BV, MTT and PS were measured and statistically analyzed. Results The mean BF, BV, MTT and PS in carcinoma were (33.55? 28.40) ml?min -1 ? 100 g -1 , (5.60?3.08) ml/100 g, (15.37?6.41) s, (18.71?10.42) ml?min -1 ?100 g -1 . The mean BF, BV, MTT and PS in contralateral normal breast of carcinoma were (10.36?9.44) ml?min -1 ? 100 g -1 , (0.70?0.22) ml/100 g, (13.55?7.27) s, (1.54?1.74) ml?min -1 ?100 g -1 . The mean BF, BV, and PS between carcinoma and normal breast were statistically significant (P0.05). The mean BF, BV, MTT and PS in fibroadenoma were (62.57?19.62) ml?min -1 ?100 g -1 , (7.37?1.30) ml/100 g, (11.24?3.34) s, (27.63?3.87) ml?min -1 ?100 g -1 . The mean PS between carcinoma and fibroadenoma was statistically significant (P0.05). The mean BF, BV, MTT and PS in benign lesion were (7.65?10.24) ml?min -1 ?100 g -1 , (1.23?0.97) ml/100 g, (14.94?10.68) s, (1.81?1.72) ml?min -1 ?100 g -1 . The mean BF, BV, and PS between carcinoma and benign lesion were statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion MSCT perfusion may reflect the features of breast diseases, and provide valuable hemodynamic message. These parameters have a value in diagnosis of breast diseases and are helpful for differential diagnosis.