This study was performed to investigate the relationships among bone mineral densities (BMD), anthropometric data and lifestyle factors in the elderly. Subjects included 138 elderly (male: 38, female: 100) aged over 65 years, who were home-dwelling in a low-income area of Puchon City. The BMDs of the lumbar spines (LS), femoral necks (FN), Ward's triangles (WT) and trochanters (TC) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The females showed significantly lower BMDs in four sites (p < 0.0001). The elderly aged over 75 revealed significantly more decreased femoral BMDs than the elderly aged 65 to 74. Female with BMIs of 20 to 25, showed significantly higher BMDs in LS, FN and trochanter than those with BMIs of less than 20. However, males displayed significantly higher BMDs in only LS, with increasing BMIs. THe BMDs of LS correlated with weights (r = 0.543, p < 0.001), heights (r = 0.477, p < 0.001), upper arm circumferences (r = 0.368, p < 0.01), waist circumferences (r = 0.367, p < 0.001), subscapular skinfold thicknesses (r = 0.363, p < 0.001) and hip circumferences (r = 0.231, p < 0.01). Non-smokers and non-drinkers showed significantly higher BMDs in trochanters only in the case of the males. Female milk-drinkers showed significantly elevated LS BMDs. Eighteen percent of the males were assessed as having osteoporosis, as compared to fifty percent of the females. Ninety-three percent of the females and 81.6% of the males responded that they often or always had "difficulty in standing for a long time".
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Aged* ; Arm ; Bone Density* ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hip ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; Skinfold Thickness ; Spine ; Waist Circumference ; Weights and Measures

Objective:To compare acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and their influencing factors among college students in different years in Beijing, and to provide evidence for targeted health education among college students in future.Methods: College students were selected by the stratified cluster sampling method, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among college students in year 2006 and 2016 in Beijing.The sample sizes were 1 800 and 3 001 college students, respectively.The contents of the questionnaire included: socio-demographic characteristics, AIDS related knowledge, AIDS related attitude, sex intercourse and its related risk behaviors, condom use intension, and AIDS related health education.Results: Compared with the year 2006, the average AIDS knowledge scores of college students in year 2016 dropped from 12.78±1.95 to 11.90±2.56 (t=12.91, P<0.05), and the correct answer rates of questions in the knowledge part were decreased, too.Except for belief on condom use, the college students were more negative on AIDS related attitude and self-efficacy in year 2016 than in year 2006.Among the students who had sex experience, the rates of commercial sex [17.65% (33/187) vs.6.53% (16/245), χ2=13.003, P<0.001] and the rates of homo-sexual intercourse [15.43% (29/188) vs.4.13% (10/242), χ2=16.356, P<0.001] were higher in year 2016 than in year 2006.The main way for the students seeking pornographic information was changed from books to internet (41.15%) in 2016 compared with the year 2016.In 2016, the influencing factors of intention on condom use were male (OR=0.713), self-efficacy of condom purchase (OR=0.876), never received sex education before college (OR=0.752), self-efficacy of condom use (OR=1.135), belief of condom use (OR=1.775), and attitude towards AIDS patients (OR=1.136).Conclusion: AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors among college students have been changed, AIDS related health education should be designed and improved based on new characteristics of college students.AIDS health education in colleges should pay more attention to sex attitude and sex responsibility and self-protection awareness among college students as well.

Objective: To examine the effects of air pollution on overall mortality, mortality of respiratory diseases, and mortality of circulatory diseases among residents in Hangzhou City. Methods: Residents' mortality data in Hangzhou City from 2014 to 2016 were captured from Zhejiang Provincial Chronic Disease Surveillance Information Management System, and the ambient air quality in Hangzhou City from 2014 to 2016 were collected from Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, while the meteorological monitoring data during the study period were collected from Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau. The effects of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 on overall mortality, morality of respiratory diseases and mortality of circulatory diseases were evaluated a generalized additive model (GAM) based on Poisson distribution, and the risk of mortality was described with excess risk (ER) and its 95%CI. Results: The daily M (QR) overall deaths, deaths from respiratory diseases and deaths from circulatory diseases were 111 (30), 16 (9) and 37 (14) persons in Hangzhou City from 2014 to 2016, respectively. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 resulted in 0.47% (95%CI: 0.23%-0.70%), 0.37% (95%CI: 0.21%-0.53%), 1.06% (95%CI: 0.50%-1.61%) and 3.08% (95%CI: 2.18%-3.99%) rises in the risk of overall mortality, 0.60% (95%CI: 0.04%-1.16%), 0.45% (95%CI: 0.06%-0.83%), 2.01% (95%CI: 0.84%-3.20%) and 6.06% (95%CI: 3.80%-8.37%) rises in the risk of mortality of respiratory diseases, and 0.45% (95%CI: 0.08%-0.83%), 0.44% (95%CI: 0.17%-0.71%), 1.43% (95%CI: 0.49%-2.37%) and 3.66% (95%CI: 2.13%-5.22%) rises in the risk of mortality of circulatory diseases, and the greatest effect was observed at a 2-day lag. Multi-pollutant model analysis showed that, after adjustment for PM2.5, NO2 and PM2.5+NO2+SO2, a 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2 resulted in an elevated risk of mortality of respiratory diseases than a single-pollutant model. Conclusions The air pollutants PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 correlated positively with the risk of overall mortality, mortality of respiratory diseases and mortality of circulatory diseases in Hangzhou City from 2014 to 2016, and the co-existence of multiple pollutants enhanced the effect of SO2 on mortality of respiratory diseases.

PURPOSE: There are several reports that the risk of development of leukemias is much higher in Down syndrome (DS) children than in non DS children. But there are a few reports about the clinical features of leukemia in Down syndrome and the prognosis in Korea. The object of this study is to evaluate clinical features, treatment results and the prognosis of leukemia of Down syndrome patients. METHODS: We conducted retrospective reviews in 10 children with leukemia of Down syndrome who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics in Yonsei University Hospital between March 1986 and December 2000. We analyzed the clinical features, laboratory findings and survival rates. RESULTS: A male to female ratio was 1:1.25. Median age at diagnosis was 2 years 8 months. Initial symptoms were hepatosplenomegaly, petechiae, fever and upper respiratory infection symptoms. The number of patients by the type was as followed:acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 7 (70%), acute lymphocytic leukemia 2 (20%), acute mixed lineage leukemia 1 (10%). There were 4 cases of M7 subtype in AML. The median peripheral blood cell counts were as followed; leukocyte was 41,000/muL, hemoglobin was 8.7 g/dL, the platelet was 103,000/muL. The five years event free survival rate after diagnosis was 87.5% (7/8). The one patient relapsed and another one patient died of cardiac anomaly. CONCLUSION: There seemed to be several differences of clinical features between DS leukemia and non DS leukemia, especially prognosis. Multi-centered well organized study should be done to confirm our observation.
Blood Cell Count ; Blood Platelets ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Down Syndrome* ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Prognosis* ; Purpura ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

The aim of this study was to obtain the soluble protein of human pregnane X receptor ligand binding domain (PXRLBD) through the coexpression of PXRLBD and 88 amino acids of steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC88) and apply the protein to constructing a new model of screening PXR ligands. Expression plasmid of pETDuet-1-SRC88-PXRLBD was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) to coexpress PXRLBD and SRC88 via induction by IPTG at low temperature. Then an equilibrium dialysis model was constructed to study the interaction between PXRLBD and drugs including clotrimazole and dexamethasone, using HPLC as the analysis method. The results showed that the soluble protein of PXRLBD was obtained and the HPLC data indicated that clotrimazole bound to PXRLBD, while dexamethasone did not bind to PXRLBD, which indicated the successful establishment of a new method for studying the interaction between PXR and drugs. The new method may be useful in the screening of PXR ligands in vitro.
Clotrimazole ; metabolism ; Dexamethasone ; metabolism ; Dialysis ; methods ; Drug Interactions ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 ; Plasmids ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Steroid ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transformation, Genetic

The "Medium and Long-term Plan for the Prevention and Control of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases in Shanghai (2018-2030)" was officially released in August 2018.From the perspective of public health, this paper analyzes the background of the plan from the epidemic situation, response and challenges Shanghai City is facing, expounds the comprehensive prevention and control system of chronic diseases including four functional systems, and explains the key preventive and control measures on the different stages of chronic diseases, comparing the evaluation indicators with those of the national plan.This paper will help to better understand the new blueprint for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in Shanghai in the next ten years.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical data and result of voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in high-risk children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) for better awareness of VUR, and to assess the usefulness of non-radioactive voiding ultrasonography (VUS) in the diagnosis of VUR.

METHODNinety-three high-risk children with VUR who were hospitalized from July 2007 to April 2010 were studied. The study included 58 cases of urinary tract infection (UTI) and 35 cases of fetal or postnatal hydronephrosis detected on a B ultrasound scan. The results of urinalysis, urine culture, renal function, B ultrasound and VCUG were evaluated. Part of patients underwent VUS followed by VCUG immediately.

RESULT(1) Sixty-two boys and 31 girls (aged 1 month to 11.5 years, mean age 2 years) were included. VUR was detected in 26 patients (28%) by VCUG. In terms of kidney-ureter units, VUR was detected in 36 of 186 kidney-ureter units, including 6 grade I, 3 grade II, 6 grade III, 15 grade IV and 6 grade V. (2) VUR was detected in 20 of 58 UTI patients (34.5%) by VCUG. The proportion of VUR in recurrent UTI group was 61.1%, much higher than that in first UTI group (22.5%). Thirteen of 20 VUR (65%) occurred in UTI patients under 1 year of age (M/F 10/3), with more bilateral VUR and severe grades of VUR than the older group. VUR was detected in 6 of 35 fetal or postnatal hydronephrosis patients (17.1%) by VCUG. (3) Twenty-two patients underwent both VUS and VCUG. VUR was detected in 4 patients and 6 kidney-ureter units by VCUG, while in 6 patients and 9 kidney-ureter units by VUS. Taking VCUG as the reference standard, VUS had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92.1%, positive predictive value of 66.7%, and negative predictive value of 100%. There was a concordance rate of 93.2% between VUS and VCUG.

CONCLUSIONIt is important to early screen VUR in UTI, fetal or postnatal hydronephrosis patients. There are more VUR, especially more bilateral VUR and severe grades of VUR, occurred in UTI patients under 1 year of age compared to older children. The incidence of VUR in recurrent UTI group was much higher than that in first UTI group. VUS is an accurate, reliable and radiation-free technique for the detection of VUR. It could be used to screen high-risk children for VUR and do the evaluation in the follow-up of VUR.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Infant ; Male ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Urography ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging

Cisplatin is a member of platinum-containing anti-cancer drugs that causes cross-linking of DNA and ultimately cancer cell apoptosis. The therapeutic function of cisplatin on various types of cancers has been widely reported but the side effects have been discovered together and nephrotoxicity has been regarded as major side effect of cisplatin. To select candidates for new sensitive nephrotoxicity biomarker, we performed proteomic analysis using 2-DE/MALDI-TOF-MS followed by cisplatin treatment in human kidney cell line, HK-2 cells, and compared the results to the gene profi le from microarray composed of genes changed in expression by cisplatin from formerly reported article. Annexin A5 has been selected to be the most potential candidate and it has been identifi ed using Western blot, RT-PCR and cell viability assay whether annexin A5 is available to be a sensitive nephrotoxic biomarker. Treatment with cisplatin on HK-2 cells caused the increase of annexin A5 expression in protein and mRNA levels. Overexpression of annexin A5 blocked HK-2 cell proliferation, indicating correlation between annexin A5 and renal cell toxicity. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility of annexin A5 as a new biomarker for cisplatin-mediated nephrotoxicity.
Annexin A5* ; Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Cisplatin ; DNA ; Epithelial Cells* ; Humans* ; Kidney* ; RNA, Messenger

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of the single and mixed decoction of Thallus laminariae (kelp) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) on the metabolism and their difference. The mixed decoction of kelp and licorice and the single decoction were made and intragastrically administered to the SD rats. The effect on system metabolism, the toxicity of liver and kidney were assessed by GC-MS profiling of the endogenous molecules in serum, routine biochemical assays and histographic inspection of tissues from SD rats, separately. The mixed decoction of kelp and licorice induced more obvious pathological abnormalities in SD rats than a single decoction of kelp, while the extracts of licorice did not show any pathological change. Neither the mixed, nor the single decoction showed abnormal histopathology. After intragastric administration of extracts for 5 days, the mixed decoction induced a decrease of ALT (no significant change in the groups of single decoction) and an increase of BUN (so did the single decoction of kelp). Metabolomic profile of the molecules in serum revealed that the metabolic patterns were all obviously affected for the three groups, i.e., the mixed and single decoction of kelp and licorice. The rats given with the single decoction of kelp showed a similar pattern to that of the mixed decoction, indicating that the kelp primarily contributed the perturbation of metabolism for the mixed decoction. All three groups induced a decrease of branched chain amino acids, TCA cycle intermediates and glycolysis intermediates (e.g., pyruvic acid and lactic acid) and an increase of 3-hydroxybutyric acid. Kelp decoction showed stronger potential in reducing TCA cycle intermediates and glycolysis intermediates than the other two groups, while the levels of branched chain amino acids were the lowest after licorice extracts were given. These results suggested that the effect of the mixed decoction on metabolism was closely associated with both kelp and licorice. The continuous administration of single decoction of kelp and the mixed decoction of licorice and kelp resulted in pathological abnormalities in kidney of SD rats. The mixed decoction of kelp and licorice distinctly perturbed sera molecules and hence system metabolism, which showed associated with those of kelp and licorice. Although the metabolic effect was associated with both kelp and licorice, the results suggested kelp contributed to it primarily.
Animals ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Kelp ; chemistry ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; Metabolomics ; Plant Preparations ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in repairing ovarian injury in mice sensitized with porcine ovarian proteins.

METHODSWild-type female mice with ICR background (6-8 weeks old) were divided randomly into groups A, B and C (n=12). In groups B and C, the mice were treated with the total protein extract from porcine ovary to induce immunological injury of the ovary, while those in group A received no treatment. MSCs-derived from GFP transgenic mice were transplanted into the mice of group C, and equal volume of PBS was injected intraperitoneally in mice of the other two groups. PCR was used to detect GFP gene in the genomic DNA of the ovaries to assess MSCs homing in the ovary, and the reparative effect of MSCs on ovarian injury was evaluated using HE staining and TUNEL analysis.

RESULTSAfter transplantation, the MSCs could reach the injured ovaries to promote the repair of the ovarian injury, resulting also in reduced apoptosis of the granulosa cells (GCs) in the injured ovaries.

CONCLUSIONMSCs transplantation can promote the recovery of the immunological injury of the ovary in mice, the mechanism of which may involve reduced apoptosis of the GCs.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Female ; Granulosa Cells ; cytology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Ovarian Diseases ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovary ; cytology ; pathology