Mother and infant relationship has a great influence on child's developments. In this study, nursing intervention to increase maternal sensitivity to the infant's cues was applied to 25 primiparas (Experimental Group). Mother and infant interacations of these primiparas were compared with those of 25 primiparas (Control Group) who did not receive the nursing intervention. Fifty primiparas and infants were recruited from a university hospital, a general hospital, and an OBGY clinic located in Taegu city. Mother and infant interactions were assessed at 6 weeks after birth using videotapes. Feeding situations were videotaped and two trained observers analyzed the tapes. Data were collected from March 23rd to July 27th of 1998. Mother and infant interactions during feeding were assessed by the response rating scale which was modified by the author based on NCAST feeding scale (Barnard, 1978a) and AMIS scale (Price, 1983). The validity of the modified rating scale was verified by faculty members and researchers who previously had research experience in the area. Cronbach's Alpha of the modified scale for this study was .90. The data was analyzed by SAS program, using wilcoxon rank sums test, chi square test, Fisher's exact test, and ANOVA. Findings were as follows: 1. Mothers in the experimental group were more likely to have higher scores in mother and infant interactions during feeding than mothers in the control group. 2. Mothers in the experimental group showed better sensitivity to infant's signals or cues, provided growth fostering, and had higher responsibility to the infant's distress than mothers in the control group. 3. Infants in the experimental group showed higher clarity of cues and responsibility to the mother's behaviors than infants in the control group. 4. Mothers and infants in the experimental group showed higher synchronic responses than mothers and infants in the control group. In conclusion, this study has shown that the applied nursing intervention promoted mother and infant interaction among primiparas. Therefore, this study suggests that the nursing interventions to increase maternal sensitivity to the infant's cues should be broadly applied to primiparas, which can be beneficial to the social, affective, and cognitive developments of their children.
Child ; Cues ; Daegu ; Foster Home Care ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant ; Mother-Child Relations* ; Mothers ; Nursing* ; Parturition ; Videotape Recording

Background: This study was aimed to identify the level of awareness and compliance on the nosocomial infection control among clinical nurses. Methods: Data was collected from Sept. 15 to Oct. 10, 2001 and obtained from the nurses working at six general hospitals in Daegu city and Kyungpook province. Five hundred sixteen nurses were answered to the 36 item questionnaire which was composed of the hand washing(5 items), the management of sterile article(7 items), the management of contaminated article(8 Items), the administration of medication(8 items) and the environment management(8 items). Results: The mean score of the awareness about the infection control was 3.59/4. In sub-sections, the mean score of the administration of medication was 3.66, the hand washing was 3.65, the environmental management was 3.60, the sterile article management was 3.57, and the contaminated article management was 3.48. The mean score of the compliance about the infection control was 0.78/1. In sub-sections, the mean score of the administration of medication was 0.88, the sterile article management was 0.80, the hand washing was 0.76 and theenvironment management was 0.76. There was positive correlation between the level of the awareness and the compliance on the nosocomial infection control. Conclusion: Therefore, it should be required that the development of the educational programs and the supportive policy of the hospital about infection control for the nurses.
Compliance* ; Cross Infection* ; Daegu ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hand ; Hand Disinfection ; Hospitals, General ; Infection Control ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Background: This study was aimed to identify the level of awareness and compliance on the nosocomial infection control among clinical nurses. Methods: Data was collected from Sept. 15 to Oct. 10, 2001 and obtained from the nurses working at six general hospitals in Daegu city and Kyungpook province. Five hundred sixteen nurses were answered to the 36 item questionnaire which was composed of the hand washing(5 items), the management of sterile article(7 items), the management of contaminated article(8 Items), the administration of medication(8 items) and the environment management(8 items). Results: The mean score of the awareness about the infection control was 3.59/4. In sub-sections, the mean score of the administration of medication was 3.66, the hand washing was 3.65, the environmental management was 3.60, the sterile article management was 3.57, and the contaminated article management was 3.48. The mean score of the compliance about the infection control was 0.78/1. In sub-sections, the mean score of the administration of medication was 0.88, the sterile article management was 0.80, the hand washing was 0.76 and theenvironment management was 0.76. There was positive correlation between the level of the awareness and the compliance on the nosocomial infection control. Conclusion: Therefore, it should be required that the development of the educational programs and the supportive policy of the hospital about infection control for the nurses.
Compliance* ; Cross Infection* ; Daegu ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hand ; Hand Disinfection ; Hospitals, General ; Infection Control ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate effect of sensory stimulation on the mother-infant interaction in premature infants. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 36 pairs of premature infants and their mothers from NICU of one university hospital located in Taegu, 18 pairs for intervention group and 18 pairs for control group. The data were collected from May, 1999 to October, 2000. For the intervention group Field's sensory stimulation(tactile and kinesthetic stimulation) was applied 2 times a day for 10 days(10:00-11:00 in the morning and 7:00-8:00 in the afternoon by researcher and mother). To determine mother and infant interaction during feeding, tool developed by Kim Mi-Ye(1999) was used. Collected data were analyzed with SAS program using chi-square test and t-test. RESULT: Significant differences were found in mother-infant interaction between two groups(t=-5.38, p=.00). It indicates that sensory stimulation was effective in improving mother-infant interaction. In the aspects of the quality of mother-infant interaction, sensory stimulation was most effective in improving sensitivity to mother and infant's synchronic behaviors(t=-5.43. p=.00) and followed by growth fostering(t=-5.07, p=.00), sensitivity to infant's cues(t=-4.53, p=.00), clarity of infant's cues(t=-3.03, p=.00) and responsiveness to the mother's behaviors(t=-2.14, p= 0.04). CONCLUSION: Based on the result of this study, it is suggested that maternally administered sensory stimulation should be applied clinical practice to improve interaction of premature infants and their mothers.
Daegu ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Mother-Child Relations* ; Mothers ; Child Health

PURPOSE: This descriptive study was conducted to illuminate, from the nursing point of view, the infant care act, which was revised recently and to suggest a desirable direction of its enforcement decree and regulations. METHOD: This study was carried out through literature review and a collection of child care experts' opinions. RESULTS: The most remarkable changes in infant care act and the suggestions for a desirable direction of its enforcement decree and regulations are as follows: It can be said that the law on 'health', 'nutrition' and 'safety' for a child care center was improved to the level of act from the level of enforcement regulation. In the enforcement regulation on the distribution of nurses in child care centers, it is desirable that nurse's aids are excluded. It is recommended that every child care center should have a nurse or a health care manager and/or an emergency caretaker. In the curriculum for child care, the subjects on child health care should be an essential subject, not elective. CONCLUSION: Child care act should be reformed under the discipline of first priority to child health. Every nurse and nursing professor should have interest and earnestness in child care and conduct related studies.
Child ; Child Care ; Curriculum ; Delivery of Health Care ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care* ; Infant* ; Jurisprudence ; Nursing* ; Social Control, Formal* ; Child Health

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alcohol intake on nutritional intake status among the college students. The subjects were divided three groups; no-alcohol group(n=78), alcohol group(n=113), and high-alcohol group(n=82) according to intake and frequency of alcohol. And they were observed characteristics of alcohol drinking, dietary behavior and attitude, and nutrient intakes using questionnaires. The frequency of skipping meals in breakfast in high-alcohol group were higher than in other two groups(p<0.01). There were no significant differences in frequency of skipping meals of lunch and supper, reason why skipped meals, and total score of dietary attitude among three groups. However, the score of dietary attitude about no heavy drinking and smoking in high-alcohol group was higher than in other two groups(p<0.01). There were significant difference in vitamin B2 intake, alcohol intake, and energy intakes from carbohydrate, lipid, and alcohol among three groups(p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05). Compared energy intake of high-alcohol group with other two groups, intake from carbohydrate was low and intakes from lipid and alcohol were high. In the nutrient density, plant protein and carbohydrate in no-alcohol group, lipid and vitamin B2 in alcohol group, and animal lipid in high-alcohol group were highest among three groups. NAR and MAR were not significant difference among three groups except that NAR of P in alcohol group is highest among three groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, students high consuming alcohol have unhealty dietary behaviors in the light of high frequency of skipping breakfast, undesirable dietary attitude of alcohol drinking and smoking, and low energy inake from diet. Therefore, this results should be considered in meal management and nutritional education for student of high alcohol consumption.
Alcohol Drinking ; Animals ; Breakfast ; Chungcheongnam-do* ; Diet ; Drinking ; Education ; Energy Intake ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Plants ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Riboflavin ; Smoke ; Smoking

PURPOSE: This study has examined effectiveness of a secondhand smoking prevention program for adolescents. METHODS: The study was done in a nonequivalent control group pretest/posttest design. The subjects of the current study were 198 middle school students from K city in the Gyeongbuk province. The students were assigned to an experimental group (100) and participated in the secondhand smoking prevention program or to a control group (98) and did not take part. Data collection was done from June to July 2012. A Chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t test and ANCOVA were used with the SPSS 18.0 program for data analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the groups in knowledge of short-term influence of secondhand smoking (F=9.65, p<.005), knowledge of long-term influence of secondhand smoking (F=15.53, p<.001), verbal coping skills for secondhand smoking prevention (F=16.35, p<.001), behavioral coping skills for secondhand smoking prevention (F=8.49, p<.005), and assertiveness of secondhand smoking prevention (F=17.30, p<.001) measurements. CONCLUSION: The secondhand smoking prevention program delivered to the adolescents is an effective method of encouraging secondhand smoking prevention and can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for adolescents.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent* ; Assertiveness ; Data Collection ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Nursing ; Smoking ; Statistics as Topic ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress level, coping behaviors and health problems of elementary school children and to compare the level of these three variables according to size of city of residence and to identify the relationship among the three variables. METHOD: Data were collected by questionnaire from 465 5th and 6th grade elementary school children living in Daegu and North Kyungsang Province. Data were collected between December 1 and 20, 2003 and analyzed using the SPSS program with means, standard deviation, t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The stress level was significantly higher in children who lived in the big city. The coping behavior score was not significantly different according to size of city, nor was there a difference in the health problems according to size of city. There was a positive correlation among stress level, coping behaviors and health problems. CONCLUSION: In general, the stress level was significantly different but coping behavior scores and health problem scores were not significantly different according to size of city. Also the elementary school children used more passive coping behavior than active coping behavior. Therefore, strategies to develop active coping behaviors for these children are needed.
Adaptation, Psychological* ; Child* ; Daegu ; Humans ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the effects of a literary therapy intervention on ego-resilience and maladaptive behavior among children of broken homes. METHODS: The intervention consisted of 16 sessions designed to achieve a positive self-concept and was constructed as an interaction between participant and certain literature including poetry, narratives, dramas, art therapy, and willingness to share it with others. The study was carried out from May 2 to July 25, 2006. The participants were 36 children resided in a vulnerable region in G city. The collected data for Ego-resilience, Korean-Children Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Korean-Youth Self-Report (K-YSR) were respectively analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA with Post Hoc, and ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN version 12.0 program. RESULTS: After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the experimental and the control group for Ego-resilience, K-CBCL, and K-YSR. There were significant differences according to time process in ego-resilience and K-YSR. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that literary therapy is an effective nursing intervention for enhancing ego-resilience and reducing maladaptive behavior in children of broken homes.
Art Therapy ; Checklist ; Child* ; Drama ; Ego* ; Humans ; Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare internal marketing, job satisfaction and customer orientation between nurses in small-medium hospitals and nurses in general hospitals. METHOD: The participants were 470 nurses were working in 8 small-medium hospitals and 5 general hospitals. Data were collected with structured questionnaires in July, 2010, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi2-test, MANCOVA, t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Scheffe test with PASW (SPSS) 18.0 program. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between small-medium hospital nurses and general hospital nurses in internal marketing and customer orientation. But nurses in small-medium hospitals had higher levels of job satisfaction than general hospital nurses. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate the necessity of developing programs that will help to improve job satisfaction in nurses.
Hospitals, General ; Job Satisfaction ; Marketing ; Orientation ; Surveys and Questionnaires