Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Qingzhuo Qudu Pills combined with acupuncture in treating chronic nonbacterial prostatitis and to explore the possible molecular mechanism. Methods A total of 160 cases of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis were randomly divided into western medicine group, Chinese medicine group, acupuncture group and combined group, 40 cases in each group. The western medicine group was given Tamsulosin and Celecoxib tablets orally, Chinese medicine group was given Qingzhuo Qudu Pills, acupuncture group were given acupuncture, and the combined group were given Qingzhuo Qudu Pills plus acupuncture. Treatment period covered 30 days. Before and after treatment, the clinical efficiency of the four groups was assessed by the US National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index ( NIH-CPSI) scores, and routine prostatic fluid examiantion and drug safety assessment were also carried out. Results ( 1) The total effective rate was 69.23%, 84.62%, 74.36% and 92.50% in the western medicine group, Chinese medicine group, acupuncture group and combined group, respectively; the combined group had the best clinical efficiency ( P<0.05) , and then came Chinese medicine group ( P<0.05) , but the difference between acupuncture group and western medicine group was insignificant (P>0.05). (2) After treatment, the total scores and scores of each item of NIH-CPSI were decreased in the four groups ( P<0.05 compared with those before treatment) , and the improvement of general symptoms, the quality of life, pain and urination in the combined group was superior to that in the other 3 groups ( P<0.05) . ( 3) After treatment, levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) were decreased to various degrees (P<0.05 or P<0.01 compared with those before treatment), and the decrease in the combined group was superior to that in the other 3 groups (P<0.05). (4) The blood, urine and stool routine examination, electrocardiography, hepatic and renal function of the 4 groups stayed normal before and after treatment, and no adverse reaction was present in the 160 cases. Conclusion Qingzhuo Qudu Pills combined with acupuncture is safe and effective in treating chronic non-bacterial prostatitis through relieving symptoms and reducing the degrees of prostatitis. Cytokines may play an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic prostatitis.

Objective To study the medicine dynamics, distribution in tissue and abdominal cavity fluid concentration of 5-FU after giving intraperitoneal by using a gelatin carrier to be made 5-FU slowing-release microballoons. Methods 5-FU slowing-release microballoons medicine release speed, tissue distributing and the concentration in abdominal cavity fluid were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Results 5-FU wrapped by gelatin were slowly released. The concentration in abdominal cavity fluid was obviously higher than that in tissue or in blood. Using established standard curve line, it was proved that in body area under curve (AUC) of 5-FU slowing-release microballoons group was obviously higher than that of simple 5-FU injection group, analyzed by 3p97 pharmacokinetic software management. Conclusion 5-FU enwrapped by gelatin can retain an effective anticancer activity concentration in abdominal cavity 7 days after giving intraperitoneal and it is distributed mostly in abdominal cavity.

[Objective]To discuss a reasonable treatment for unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures in senile patients by comparing the effects of PFN fixation and hemiarthroplasty.[Method]Totally 82 intertrochanteric hip fractures in senile patients with complete clinical data were retrospectively analyzed,who were treated with hemiarthroplasty or PFN fixation from April 2005 to April 2007.Forty-six were treated with hemiarthroplasty,36 were treated with PFN fixation.All of them had multiple medical co-morbidities.According to modified Evens-Jensen classification,all of them belonged to unstable fracture.Comparison was made between the two treated groups in terms of the length of incision,operative time,the blood lost,blood transfusion during or after surgery,time for bed rest postoperatively,postoperative complications and St.Michael hip score one year after surgery.[Result]The average duration of follow-up for PFN fixation and hemiarthroplasty were 16 and 18 months respectively.Compared with the group of hemiarthroplasty,the group of PFN fixation experienced longer operation time,longer time for bed rest postoperatively,less blood lost,less blood transfusion during or after surgery,shorter incision length,and the differences between two groups had statistical significance (P0.05).[Conclusion]Both of the two methods are reasonable treatment for unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures in senile patients.

Objective To assess the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in Shanghai adults according to the criteria of the US National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment PanelⅢ ( NCEP ATP Ⅲ) definition. Methods Randomly selected adults were studied by means of stratified sampling. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai with a representative sample of 7 414 Chinese adults aged 35-74 years.Results Defined by the ATPⅢ criterion, the preliminary prevalence of MS was 19.81%. The prevalence of MS was 16.21% (95%CI 15.37%-17.05% ) after age was adjusted. The prevalence of MS was higher in female than in male (22.59% vs 16.64% ,P<0.01 ), and higher in urban than rural residents( 17.43% vs 17.16% ,P<0.01 ). The prevalence of MS increased with age in both male and female, especially in females aged above 55 years. There were 19.81% subjects with over 3 risk factors. The most common combination of four components in MS were central obesity, high triglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and hypertension. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of MS in Shanghai adults. MS is increasingly becoming a noteworthy health problem. Early-diagnosis and integrated-methods of prevention and treatment of MS are mandatory.

Objective To observe the apoptosis of retina and the expression of caspase-3 in mice with premature myopia and to explore the pathogenesis of premature myopia.Methods Together 60 newborn C57BL/6J mice were selected and divided randomly into three groups (n =20):P6 group (opening the eyelid on day 6 after birth),P10 group (opening the eyelid on day 10 after birth) and normal group (opening the eyelid naturally).The right eyes of mice in the P6 and P10 group were subjected to lighting exposure,and the left eyes were left untreated serving controls with its right eyes;while the eyes in the normal group open naturally without any treatment.Then the refraction was checked on day 15 through retinophotoscopy,and ocular axial length was measured by micrometer with electronic digital display.TUNEL assay was used to determine retinal apoptosis.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of caspase-3 in mice retina.Results The right eyes developed significant myopia in the P6 group [(-7.55 ±0.15)D] and P10 group [(-5.25 ±0.10)D],while the eyes in the normal group did not suffer from myopia,and there was significant difference in the three groups (P ＜0.05).The average axial length of right eyes in the P6 group [(2.49 ± 0.08) mm] and the P10 group [(2.51 ±0.03)mm] was shorter than that in the normal group [(2.58 ± 0.04) mm],with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of caspase-3 had a dramatically increase in ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer of retina of mice in P6 group and P10 group.TUNEL results showed that brown-stained positive apoptotic cells appeared in ganglion cell layer in the P6 and P10 group,while Western blot showed that the expression of caspase-3 protein in mouse retina in P6 group (gray value 52.70％) and P10 group (gray value 35.76％) was upregulated.Conclusion Early lighting exposure can induce premature myopia of mice,and the earlier the mice receive light,the higher the relative degree of myopia is;meanwhile during the process of premature myopia,ganglion cells and nuclear layer cells suffer apoptosis,as well as caspase-3 protein involves in the occurrence of apoptosis.

Objective To analyze the serum inflammation related factors of influenza A ( induced by sub-type H1N1 virus) patients with epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome and warm-heat syndrome. Results Fifty-six patients confirmed as influenza A ( H1N1) were differentiated into epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome ( 36 cases) and epidemic febrile warm-heat syndrome (20 cases) . And then we observed the serum immune globulins IgM and IgG, interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-ɑ), tumor growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), lipolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels of the influenza A patients. Results Insignificant differences of serum IgM, IgG, IL-8, TNF-ɑand TGF-β1 levels were shown between epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome patients and epidemic febrile warm-heat syndrome patients (P>0.05), but the differences of LBP, TLR4 and sCD14 were significant (P<0.05) .Conclusion Influenza A (H1N1) patients with epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome have higher serum LBP, TLR4 and sCD14 levels than patients with epidemic febrile warm-heat syndrome, indicating that inflammatory reaction is severer in influenza A (H1N1) patients with epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma containing various high-concentration growth factors can promote new bone formation and accelerate bone healing. But its effects on distraction osteogenesis remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of autologous platelet-dch plasma on premaxillary distraction osteogeaesis in rabbits. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Physiology, North Campus,Sun Yat-sen University between July and August 2007. MATERIALS: Sixteen healthy rabbits, the same number for male and female, aged 3-5 months,weighing 1. 4-1.7 kg,were randomly and evenly divided into an experimental group and a control group. Premaxillary incisor band,outside front distraction mask, and distraction rubber band were self-made.Coagulant was prepared by dissolving 1000 u bovine thrombin in 1 mL of 10% calcium chloride.METHODS: Titanium nails (1.5 mm in diameter) were separately inserted on two sides of left premaxillary suture in rabbits. A self-made distraction device was used. Gelatum-like substance [Vplatelet-rich plasma: V coagulant=9:1] was injected into the left premaxillary suture of experimental group rabbits immediately prior to distraction.In each group, one-week sustained distraction was performed in 4 rabbits,and three-week sustained distraction was performed in another rabbits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The increase of nail-nail distance on the two sides and histological results following distraction osteogenesis.RESULLTS: Rabbit premaxillary bone moved anterior in the two groups. The experimental group showed greater increase of nail-nail distance, faster bone formation and mineralization, more blood vessels, and thicker and more mature bone trabecula in the distraction interspace in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION: Platelet-rich plasma will help bone tissue regeneration and promote premaxillary distraction osteogenesis.

Objective To evaluate biomechanical properties of self-designed polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate so as to offer scientific evidence for clinical application.Methods According to anatomic characteristics of distal tibiae of domestic people,a polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate for distal tibia was designed.Six paired ( left,right) fresh cadaver tibial specimens were used to make fracture fixation models and were divided into groups A and B,six specimens per group.Common anatomical locking plates were assembled in group A and polyaxial self-locking anatomical plates were assembled in group B.The biomechanical tests were performed by using 858 Mini Bionix testing machine.Non-destructive tests were performed in both groups,including axial loading,4-point bending and torsional loading and the stiffness of the two fixation instruments was compared.SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results Polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate was fit for the morphology of distal tibiae.The self-designed pelyaxial plate could increase angular regulation amplitude for the locking screw up to 30°.Compression stiffness was (557.53 ± 20.72) N/mm in group A and (562.80 ± 28.26 ) N/mm in group B.Four-point bending stiffness was ( 268.02 ± 36.77) N/mm in group A and ( 265.76 ± 27.21 ) N/mm in group B.Torsional stiffness was (0.28 ±0.01) Nm/deg in group A and (0.29 ±0.02) Nm/deg in group B.The three tests in two groups showed no statistical significance ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions The self-designed polyaxial self-locking anatomical plate of distal tibia is fit for the tibial morphology of domestic people.Its biomechanical properties are equivalent to those of common anatomical locking plate,which can meet the needs for clinical application.

Objective In order to provide best nursing services to transfusion patients in OPD, demands of transfusion patients in OPD and cognition of nurses to these demands were investigated. Methods By us-ing self- designed questionnaires which were modified and evaluated by specialists. Its coefficients of relia-bility and validity were above 0.91. Information about demands of transfusion patients in OPD and cognition of nurses to these demands were gathered and statistically analyzed. Results The investigation results showed that demands of patients in OPD were much higher than nurses' perceptibility. And there were dif-ferences among all kinds of patients. Conclusions Transfusion patients in OPD need better services. There exists differences between demands of patients and cognition of nurses to these demands. In order to give better nursing services, nurses should give intensive care to patients on safe, love and home, respect and self- actualization.

The microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract inhabits a complex ecosystem.Intestinal normal flora is obtained by newborn after birth,and suffers influences on the type of delivery,the type of feeding and contamination from the environment.There is emerging evidence indicating that quantitative and qualitative changes on gut microbiota contribute to alterations in the mucosal activation of immune system leading to intra-or extra-intestinal diseases.A balance between pathogenic and beneficial microbiota throughout childhood is important to gastrointestinal health,including protection against pathogens,inhibition of pathogens,nutrient processing,and regulation of host fat storage.Probiotics can promote an intentional modulation of intestinal microbiota favoring the health of the host.This paper is a review about modulation of intestinal microbiota on prevention and adjuvant treatment of intra-and extra intestinal pediatric diseases.