OBJECTIVE:To speed up the perfection of quality standards of traditional chinese medicine decoction pieces and control the quality.METHODS:To present the implication of traditional chinese medicine decoction pieces,and the influ?ence of its quality and processing on decoction.To discuss the present situation of quality standards,and to suggest some mea?sures.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Further perfection of the quality standards of traditional chinese medicine decoction pieces will be beneficial to modernization of industry of TCM and to ensure the safe use of drugs.

Objective To observe the changes in help T cell 1/2 cytokines and transcription factors in murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infected newborn mice and to determine the effectiveness of intervention with thymopentin.Methods One hundred and twenty newborn BALB/c mice were randomized into a blank group,model group and thymopentin group,with 40 mice in each group.Mice in the model and thymopentin group received an intraperitoneal injection of MCMV suspension within 4-6 hours after birth at the dosage of 20 μ L to and tissue culture infections dose of 10431 U/0.1 ml,establish a systemic infection model,and the same volume of normal saline was injected into mice in the control group.Mice in the thymopentin group also received thymopentin 0.3 mg/(kg · d).On Day 3,5,7,10 and 14,8 mice in each group were sacrificed and their splenic tissues were harvested.Interferon (IFN) γ and interleukin (IL)-10 expression in the supernatant of a splenic lymphocyte culture was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.T-bet/GATA-3 mRNA in splenic tissues were analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.One way ANOVA,including LSD and Dunnett T3 methods,was used for statistical analysis.Results (1) IFN-γ expression in the model and thymopentin groups peaked on Day 3,and was higher than that in the control group [(280.73 ± 14.88),(286.03 ± 15.44) and (149.42±5.43) pg/ml,respectively,F=183.532,P=0.000].Expression in the thymopentin group decreased after Day 3,and increased by Day 7.At Day 14,the IFN-γ expression level in the thymopentin group was higher than that in the control and model groups [(252.33±8.33),(149.07±7.05) and (148.57±4.53) pg/ml,respectively,F=385.487,P=0.000].(2) IL-10 expression in the model group gradually increased.By Day 14,the expression became obviously higher than that in the control and thymopentin groups [(71.19± 1.50),(36.67 ± 2.55) and (40.01 ± 1.28) pg/ml,respectively,F=523.670,P=0.000].IL-10 expression in the thymopentin group increased after Day 3 and decreased by Day 7.On Day 14,the expression in the thymopentin group was lower than that in the model group,but higher than that in the control group.(3) T-bet mRNA expression was obviously increased in the model and thymopentin groups.On Day 3,the expression was higher than that in the control group (relative value of gray-scale:0.74±0.02,0.71 ±0.04 and 0.30±0.01,respectively,F=741.630,P=0.000).By Day 3,the expression in the thymopentin group decreased,and gradually recovered on Day 5,and on Day 14 it was higher than that in the control and model groups (relative value of gray-scale:0.45 ± 0.01,0.30±0.01 and 0.30±0.01,respectively,F=257.571,P=0.000).(4) GATA-3 mRNA expression in the model and thymopentin groups increased on Day 3,and was higher than that in the control group (relative value of gray scale:0.48±0.02,0.53±0.01 and 0.33±0.01,respectively,F=345.167,P=0.000).On Day 14,the expression in the model group was higher than that in the thymopentin group,which was higher than that in the control group (relative value of gray-scale:0.99 ± 0.02,0.55 ± 0.02 and 0.34 ± 0.01,respectively,F=1 767.505,P=0.000).Conclusions A Th1/Th2 shift may be induced in MCMV infected neonatal mice,which manifests as a state of predominant Th2 response.Thymopentin can ameliorate this situation.

Objective To explore the role of high mobility group box protein 1 ( HMGB1 ) and receptor for ad-vanced glycation endproducts( RAGE) in lupus nephritis( LN) . Methods The serum and urine levels of HMGB1 were detected by ELISA in SLE patients and normal controls, and intrarenal expressions of HMGB1 and RAGE were detected by immunohistochemistry in renal tissues of SLE patients and normal-appearing renal tissues. Results
The serum and urine levels of HMGB1 were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to healthy controls( P<0. 01 ) , in patients with active disease compared to those with inactive disease ( P <0. 05 ) , serum levels of HMGB1 were found to be significantly higher in patients with renal involvement compared to those without renal in-volvement(P<0. 05). In addition, the levels of serum HMGB1 showed positive correlation with SLEDAI,urine pro-tein(24 h) and lencocyte count (P <0. 05). The expression of urine HMGB1 showed positive correlation with SLEDAI ( P<0. 05 ) . Intermediate-intensity staining of HMGB1 and RAGE was detected in renal tubules in normal-appearing renal tissues, however, both renal tubules and glomerular cells had the strong expression of HMGB1 and RAGE in SLE patients. The intrarenal production of HMGB1 and RAGE in SLE patients was obviously higher than that in normal-appearing renal tissues(P<0. 05), and the expression levels of HMGB1 in SLE IV and IV+V were higher than those in SLE II ( P<0. 05 ) . The expression levels of RAGE in SLE IV were higher than those in SLE II(P<0. 05). Conclusion HMGB1 and RAGE may play key roles in the pathogenesis of LN and may associate with the pathology category of LN.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory responses in lung tissues during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection.Methods Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 25-65 yr,with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2,scheduled for elective radical resection of esophageal cancer,were divided into 2 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table:dexmedetomidine group (group D) and control group (group C).Dexmedetomidine was infused intravenously in a loading dose of 0.6 μg/kg over 10 min before induction of anesthesia,followed by an infusion of 0.4 μg · kg-1 · h-1 until 30 min before the end of operation in group D,and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C.After intubation (T1),at 30,60 and 90 min of OLV (T2-4),and at 30 min after restoration of two-lung ventilation (T5),blood samples were taken from the internal jugular vein.Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF)in ventilated lung was collected at T1-4.The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL) and IL-10 in plasma and BALF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with group C,the plasma concentrations of TNF-α at T5 and IL-6 at T4,5 were significantly decreased,the plasma concentration of IL-10 was increased at T4,5,and the concentration of TNF-α in BALF at T4 and concentration of IL-6 in BALF at T3,4 were decreased,and the concentration of IL-10 in BALF was increased at T4 in group D (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can significantly ameliorate the inflammatory responses in lung tissues during OLV,thus reducing systemic inflammatory responses in patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection.

Objective: To investigate the function and IL 1ra gene expression of neutrophils in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Gene expression was studied by reverse transcribe polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) from untreated neutrophils in healthy controls and HD patients. Phagocytosis and bactericidal assays decreased in the number of viable extracellular and intracellular bacteria by colony counts. Results: Freshly isolated neutrophils spontaneously expressed icIL 1ra, sIL 1ra mRNA in HD patients. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of neutrophils in HD patients impaired obviously when exposed to staphylococcus aureus in comparison with healthy controls. Conclusion: Untreated neutrophils in HD patients spontaneously express icIL 1ra and sIL 1ra mRNA, which is consistent with the suppressed phagocytosis and intracellular killing capacity. [

Objective To investigate the alteration of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 9,myeloid cell differentiation 88 (MyD8),interleukin-2 (IL 2),interferon-γ(IFN γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression in spleen lymphocytes of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infected newborn murine.Methods Sixty-four neonatal mice were randomly divided into control group and CMV infected group (32 mice in each).Mice in CMV infected group were injected intraperitoneally with 20 μl CMV suspension (tissue culture infections dose 50 of 104.31 U/0.1 ml) at 4 6 hours after birth to create the systematic CMV infection models.At 3,5,7 and 10 days old,eight mice randomly selected from each group were sacrificed.Polymerase chain reaction was applied to detect CMV-DNA in liver,spleen,heart,lung,kidney and salivary glands of 7 day old mice.Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of T1R 2,9 and MyD88 in spleen lymphocyte,and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the levels of IL-2,IFN-γand IL-10 in supernatant of spleen lymphocyte from 3,5,7 and 10-dayold mice.Independent samples t test and Pearson correlation analysis were applied as the statistical methods.Results On the 7th day after CMV infection,the protein expression of TLR 2,9 and MyD88 in spleen lymphocyte in CMV infected group increased to the maximum level (1.06±0.09,1.19±0.03 and 0.89±0.07),which were higher than those in control group (0.47±0.04,0.71 ±0.02 and 0.43±0.03),the differences were statistically significant(t=21.69,50.40 and 42.06,P＜0.01,respectively).In CMV infected group,expression of IL-2 decreased to the lowest level on the 7th day after CMV infection [(16.9±7.3) pg/ml],IFN γ reached its peak level on the 5th day [(242.9±8.4) pg/ml] and IL-10 increased since the 5th day [(62.4±11.1) pg/ml],there were statistically significant differences as compared with control group [(51.9± 10.8) pg/ml,(135.3±10.5) pg/ml and (36.3±5.1) pg/ml](t=15.74,19.00 and 9.60,P＜0.05,respectively).There was a negative correlation between TLR2,TLR9,MyD88 protein expression and IL-2 level (r =0.978,0.960 and-0.979,all P＜0.01,respectively) and a positive correlation between TLR2,TLR9,MyD88 protein and IL-10 level (r =0.954,0.914 and 0.892,P ＜ 0.01,respectively).Conclusions In the early phase of CMV infection (within 7 days),immunity is activated through TLR/MyD88 signal pathway resulting anti-infection effect.However,after the 7th day,Th1/Th2 cellular immunity imbalance allows virus to replicate easily.

OBJECTIVE:To outline the development of phytomedicine in Germany to offer a reference for traditional Chinese medicine.METHODS:From the aspects of research,production and market to make an exposition of phytomedicine's develop?ment in Germany.RESULTS:There existed a gap between Germany and China in technology and standards in production of botanicals.CONCLUSION:We should use the experience of Germany in developing botanicals to draw up international quality standard of traditional Chinese medicine.

To investigate the nursing difference between abdominal aortic aneurysm patients undergone open surgery and endovascular graft exclusion, a comparative study was carried out in two groups of patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms ( n =148), either by open surgical approach( n =96) or by endovascular stented graft technology( n =52). Four problems were compared between the two groups: (1) time of hospitalization, (2) dependency on nursing, (3)mobility after surgery, and (4) analgesic requirements. Data were obtained from a designated data sheet.The perioperation condition of the patients had no difference between the two groups, the time of hospitalization, dependency on nursing, mobility after surgery, and analgesic requirements in the endovascular stent repair group was shortened obviously. Analysis of the data can help us optimize the nursing process for patients undergoing open surgery and endovascular graft exclusion.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of docetaxel combined with 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of pa-tients with advanced gastric cancer. Methods:Totally 84 cases of gastric cancer patients were randomly divided into group A and group B with 42 ones in each. Group A was given chemotherapy of docetaxel combined with 5-fluorouracil, and group B was treated with chemotherapy of Tegafur combined with docetaxel. One cycle was 21 days, and the patients were given at least two cycles of chemother-apy. The recent clinical curative effect, physical state improvement and adverse reactions in the two groups after the treatment were ob-served. Results:The total effective rate of the two groups showed no significant difference (P<0. 05), however, the physical state improvement rate of group A (40. 48%) was significantly higher than that of group B (20. 24%) with statistical significance (P<0. 05). The incidence of thrombocytopenia and neutropenia decrease of group A was significantly lower than that of group B with statis-tically significant difference (P<0. 05). Conclusion:The treatment of advanced gastric cancer patients with docetaxel combined with 5-fluorouracil can achieve significant clinical efficacy with relatively mild toxicity,it can significantly improve the physical state of pa-tient.

The latest results from our research group in the biotransformation of triptolides and bufadienolides were reviewed. The trends in the development of biotransformation in the future were also briefly discussed.