BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between psychiatric disease and systemic disease in geriatric psychiatric inpatients who were consulted to department of internal medicine and were above 6th decade, and was directed to assess the physical problems and possible ways to resolve them in a closed psychiatric unit. METHOD: Through evaluation of medical records of 225 inpatients who had consulted in department of internal medicine in Seoul National Mental Hospital from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 1999. We classified the physical illness according to ICD-9-CM and psychiatric disease according to NTA. RESULTS: The result were as follows: 1) In age sex distribution, male was 62.7%, and 81.8% of the subjects was 6th decade. 2) The most common systemic diagnosis were disease of circulatory system, disease of digestive system, and disease of respiratory system. 3) The most systemic disease was disease of circulatory system in 6th and 8th decade. 4) Disease of circulatory system in all psychiatric disease was the most frequent. 5) Rate of circulatory disorder was the highest in organic mental disorder. Disease of digestive system and disease of endocrine system were the most frequent in alcoholics. Disease of respiratory system showed the highest rate in schizophrenea. CONCLUSION: The clinical characteristics of psychiatric diseases influenced to get systemic disease in geriatric patients.
Alcoholics ; Neurocognitive Disorders ; Diagnosis ; Digestive System ; Endocrine System ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Internal Medicine ; International Classification of Diseases ; Male ; Medical Records ; Respiratory System ; Seoul ; Sex Distribution

Background: Onychomycosis is a common nail disease that accounts for 50% of abnormal nails. Accurate diagnosis of onychomycosis is essential before long-term antifungal treatment. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a rapid real-time imaging technique that is widely used for the diagnosis of skin diseases. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of RCM and standard diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of onychomycosis and to determine their sensitivity and specificity. Methods: We evaluated 60 Korean patients with suspected onychomycosis using three diagnostic methods: KOH smear, culture, and RCM. RCM diagnosis was based on the presence of specific structures and filamentous and/or spore-like spherical structures. To compare the usefulness of the diagnostic methods, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for each method were calculated. Results: Of the patients, 57 had at least one positive value for these diagnostic methods. RCM was the most sensitive test for the diagnosis of onychomycosis, with a sensitivity of 84.21%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 25%, and accuracy of 85%. Among the 48 patients who showed positive results on RCM, RCM images presented hyphae structures in 35 cases (72.9%), conidia structures in 39 cases (81.3%), and coexistence of both structures in 26 cases (54.2%). Conclusion In this study, RCM was the most sensitive method for the diagnosis of onychomycosis. The fungal morphology and load can be identified in vivo by RCM and can be used in clinical situations.

No abstract available.
Darier Disease*

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to investigate age-related changes of CD5+ B lymphocytes in healthy Korean neonates. METHODS: Sixty healthy neonatal infants were enrolled in this study; at birth(n=10), day 1(n=10), day 2(n=10), day 3(n=10), day 4 (n=10) and day 5 (n=10). Phenotypic analysis of CD5+ B lymphocytes was performed on blood samples using standard flow-cytometric techniques. RESULTS: The percentage of lymphocyte was significantly increased from at birth to day 5. The percentage of CD19+ lymphocyte was decreased from at birth to day 4, but statistically not significant. The percentage of CD5+ /CD19- lymphocyte on day 5 was significantly lower than that of at birth. The percentage of CD5-/CD19+ lymphocyte was not changed. The percentage of CD5+ /CD19- lymphocyte on day 1 was significantly higher than that of at birth, then it gradually decreased with aging to the at birth figure. The percentage of CD5+ /CD19+ lymphocyte was decreased from at birth to day 5, but the changes were not significant. The percentage of CD5+ / CD19+ lymphocyte in CD19+ lymphocyte was decreased from at birth to day 5, but it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: CD5+ B lymphocyte counts are considerably higher than previously established adult values and the age-related changes are very important in interpretating CD5+ B lymphocyte. These data may serve as a reference range for studies in early neonatal period.
Adult ; Aging ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Lymphocytes ; Parturition ; Reference Values

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to examine dietary life characteristics such as knowledge, self-efficacy and dietary behavior of preschoolers in Namyangju, Kyunggi-province, Korea. METHODS: The survey questionnaire was developed based on literature review. Preschoolers aged 4-5 years (n=208) responded to the questionnaire to measure knowledge, self-efficacy, food preference, and dietary behavior. After excluding incomplete responses, the data of 197 subjects were used for analysis. RESULTS: Mean score of dietary life knowledge was 8.0 out of 12, showing a low level of knowledge. Two out of 12 knowledge items were significantly different by gender. Percentage of correct answer on items of 'foods to make bones strong' and 'kinds of fast foods' was higher in girls than in boys (p<0.05). Total score of self-efficacy regarding dietary life was 40.1 (possible score: 12~48), on average. Compared to girls, boys had more confidence in 'not over-eating', and 'eating balanced meals with meat, fish and vegetables' (p<0.05). Boys scored higher on total score of food preference than girls (p<0.01). The preference for fruits was quite high. Among food items, boys scored higher on the preference for rice (p<0.01), fish (p<0.01), pork (p<0.05), beef (p<0.05), milk (p<0.01), and ice cream (p<0.05) than girls. Boys also liked fast foods more than girls did, showing preference for chicken (p<0.01) and soda (p<0.05). Compared to girls, boys showed more desirable behavior in 'eating breakfast everyday' (p<0.01). Dietary behavior was significantly correlated with self-efficacy (r=0.52, p<0.01), food preference (r=0.35, p<0.01), and knowledge (r=0.25, p<0.01) of subjects. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we observed differences in food preference by gender. Dietary behavior of preschoolers was correlated with several factors, including dietary life related knowledge, self-efficacy and food preference. Thus, it is needed to develop nutrition education programs focusing on increasing dietary life related knowledge and self-efficacy, and consider the differences in food preference of preschoolers by gender.
Breakfast ; Chickens ; Education ; Fast Foods ; Female ; Food Preferences* ; Fruit ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Ice Cream ; Korea ; Meals ; Meat ; Milk ; Red Meat

Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome (BOS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited genetic cutaneous disorder characterized by connective tissue nevi that may or may not be accompanied by sclerotic bone lesions (osteopoikilosis). BOS is caused by loss-of-function mutations in LEMD3. Skin lesions appear in childhood and may increase in size and number with age and primarily manifest as yellow or skin-colored plaques or papules. A 21-year-old male presented with brownish, firm plaques on his back and buttocks since childhood. He revealed a history of similar skin lesions in his mother and brother. He was incidentally diagnosed with osteopoikilosis, 2 years prior to presentation. Histopathological examination of a skin biopsy specimen revealed increased collagenous stroma. We report a rare case of Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome that presented with brownish plaques.

Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome (BOS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited genetic cutaneous disorder characterized by connective tissue nevi that may or may not be accompanied by sclerotic bone lesions (osteopoikilosis). BOS is caused by loss-of-function mutations in LEMD3. Skin lesions appear in childhood and may increase in size and number with age and primarily manifest as yellow or skin-colored plaques or papules. A 21-year-old male presented with brownish, firm plaques on his back and buttocks since childhood. He revealed a history of similar skin lesions in his mother and brother. He was incidentally diagnosed with osteopoikilosis, 2 years prior to presentation. Histopathological examination of a skin biopsy specimen revealed increased collagenous stroma. We report a rare case of Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome that presented with brownish plaques.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of gadoxetic acid on the measurement of the stiffness value of MR elastography (MRE) used to evaluate hepatic fibrosis (HF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRE was obtained in 32 patients with clinically suspected chronic liver disease, both before and after injection of gadoxetic acid. Two independent reviewers measured the stiffness values of the liver parenchyma on elastograms. The mean liver stiffness values were compared in the pre- and post-contrast MREs using the paired t-test. Intra-rater and inter-rater correlation was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of both pre- and post-contrast MREs was evaluated for the diagnosis of significant HF (> or = F2) using cut off value of 3.1 kPa. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the stiffness values of the liver parenchyma on pre- and post-contrast MREs (p = 0.15 and 0.38 for each reader, respectively). Regarding intra-rater correlation, excellent agreement was noted on rater 1(ICC = 0.998) and rater 2 (ICC = 0.996). Excellent correlation regarding the measured stiffness values was noted on both pre- and post-contrast MREs (ICC = 0.988 for pre-contrast, ICC = 0.993 for post-contrast). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the pre- and post-contrast MREs for differentiating significant HF (> or = F2) from < or = F1 were same as 71%, 60%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: As there was no significant difference in the stiffness measurements seen on MREs before and after administration of gadoxetic acids, it is therefore acceptable to perform MRE after contrast injection in order to evaluate HF.
Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Fibrosis ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: The revised Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials (CONSORT) were developed to improve the reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials. We studied to survey the extent to which RCTs report items included in the revised CONSORT recommendations. METHODS: A descriptive survey of RCTs enrolled in 2005 at KoreaMed, which is a representative database in Korea was done. The main outcome measures were the proportion of RCTs that reported each of 22 checklist items of CONSORT. RESULTS: We identified 125 RCTs from 26 journals. Random sequence implementation (0%), estimated effect size and its precision (0%), sample size determination (8.9%), method of random sequence generation (7.3%), allocation concealment (3.2%), participant flow (4.8%) and any other analysis (7.3%), generalizability of the trial findings (0.8%) were pooly reported. CONCLUSION: The proportions of following the CONSORT recommendations in Korean medical journals were very low. An effort to improve the reporting of RCTs by application and recommendation of CONSORT statement is required.
Checklist ; Double-Blind Method ; Korea ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Random Allocation ; Sample Size

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous*