Purpose To explore the diagnostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT (DCE-CT) in the differential diagnosis of chromophobic renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) and renal oncocytoma (RO). Materials and Methods A retrospective study was carried out on the DCE-CT findings of 24 patients with pathologically-proved CRCCs and 17 patients with pathologically-confirmed ROs. The enhancement percentage (EP) and the enhancement index (EI) of both types of lesions were compared on corticomedullary phase and nephrographic phase. Results CRCCs on corticomedullary phase and nephrographic phase:EP (132.8±39.8)%and (99.2±32.5)%, respectively;EI 0.31±0.11 and 0.30±0.12, respectively. ROs on corticomedullary phase and nephrographic phase:EP (234.1±129.1)%and (195.4±87.1)%, respectively;EI 0.66±0.33 and 0.68±0.28, respectively. Both EP and EI of CRCCs and ROs showed statistical difference (P<0.05). As the threshold value of EI on nephrograhic phase was 0.44, the sensitivity was 82.4%, specificity was 91.7% and Youden index was 0.74. Conclusion Imaging features of DCE-CT, especially EI on nephrographic phase, are helpful in the differential diagnosis of CRCC and RO.

This paper reviews the concept and structure of Virtual Instruments and the application of VB6.0 to Virtual Instruments. As an example, an acquisition and procession apparatus of EEG signals based on VB6.0 and virtual instruments is introduced in detail.

Objective To reveal the morphologic changes of rats' prostates after castration, and to explore the possible mechanism that causes these morphologic changes. Methods 90 male adult rats were randomized into 9 groups (10 per group), one group as the control, while the others were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 days post castration. Prostates were harvested, then fixed, embedded, sectioned, and observed by light microscope and electric telemicroscope. Furthermore, sections of the prostates were detected for apoptosis by TUNEL and PCNA by immunohistochemistry. Sections stained by HE were applied to computer-based imaging analysis system in order to count the area of glands, stroma and the width of the epithelium separately. Results Prostatic glands were atrophied, and the secretion of glands was diminished post castration. Apoptosis and necrosis occurred in the epithelia as well as in the stromal cells and the proliferation index was decreased. Conclusions Weight and volume loss of the prostates after castration was due to the loss and atrophy of the prostate cells as well as the decrease of secretion. Apoptosis and proliferation might play a role in the atrophy of the prostate.

Objective To evaluate the safety, efficacy and morbidity of transurethral electrovaporization of superficial bladder tumor (TVBt). Methods TVBt was performed in seventy-three pat iens (mean age 66 years) with superficial bladder carcinoma,twelve of them trans urethral electrovaporization of the prostate (TVP) was carried out simultaneousl y for concomitant BPH. Results The tumor was resected in one-stage for 72 cases,in two-stage for multiple tumors in one patient. The mean operative time was 29 minutes in simple TVBt group, and 78 minutes in the group performing both TVBt and TVP. Intraoperative bladde r perforation occurred in 1 case, No patient need blood transfusion for bleeding . The mean duration of an indwelling urethral catheter was 46h. All patients wer e followed up for twenty-four months, and the recurrence rate was 21% within t wo years after the operation. Conclusions TVBt is a simp le, effective and safe surgery for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer.

Objective To evaluate endoscopic management of bladder neck obstruction (BNO). Methods 44 patients suffering from BNO have been treated by transurethral resection of bladder neck (TURN). Results All patients have been followed up for 6～84 months with a mean of 48 months.The success rate has been 84%.Recurrence was observed in 4 (11%) for all of which TURN was carried out twice or three times with success.The causes of the 7 failures were neurogenic bladder, detrusor-extra-sphincter dyssynergy, BNO with chronic prostatitis (CP) or BNO with chronic cystitis in female patients. Conclusions Endoscopic management is a safe and efficient treatment for BNO.Careful consideration should be undertaken in case there is CP or for female patients.Postoperative adjunctive hormone supplement therapy and long-period urethral dilatation might be needed for preventing recurrence.

College English education in TCM universities should set up its own unique education system characterized by the TCM characteristics, manipulability and generalizability. Here the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine was taken as an example to discuss the necessity, theoretical basis, specific methods and preliminary achievements of the application ability-oriented college English education reform in the past six years that serves students' learning needs and career development as well as the university's talents cultivation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the indication and applicability of participatory research in medical workers′ hospital infection education.METHODS The medical workers in our hospital were divided into two groups with 315 people each.One group was investigated with questionnaires anonymously and then arranged the key issue and the strategy with participatory research.The other group was with the same questionnaires anonymously 3 months later.RESULTS There was a statistics difference between two groups in the comprehension of hospital infection knowledge,hands hygiene,the ratio of wash hands with standard process(P

AIM: To investigate the expression of ET-1 mRNA in porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells cultured in normoxic and chronic hypoxic conditions, and their different responses to acute hypoxia were also evaluated. METHODS: In situ hybridization and image -analysis system were used. RESULTS: Acute hypoxia enhanced the expression of ET-1 mRNA in both normoxic and chronic hypoxic group. The increment was more significant in the latter group. CONCLUSION: Chronic hypoxia increased the expression of ET-1 mRNA in response to acute hypoxia in porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells.