No abstract available.
Stomach Neoplasms*

Complete testicular feminization syndrome (androgen insensitivity syndrome) is the most common form of male pseudohermaphroditism, transmitted by means of maternal X-linked recessive gene. This syndrome is marked by unique combination; Normal female phenotype, normal male karyotype, 46,XY, normal or slightly elevated male blood testosterone levels and a high LH. Clinically, the diagnosis should be considered in a female with inguinal hernias, a patient with primary amenorrhea and absent uterus. we present a case testicular feminization syndrome with blindly ended vagina and inguinal masses with a brief review of literatures.
46, XY Disorders of Sex Development ; Amenorrhea ; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Male ; Phenotype ; Testosterone ; Uterus ; Vagina

OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological studies have suggested that a higher consumption of whole grain foods can significantly reduce the risk of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity. The objective of the current study was to examine associations among the consumption of whole grains and nutrient intakes and biochemical indicators associated with chronic diseases among generally healthy middle-aged Korean women. METHODS: Using 24-hour recall data from the 2008-2009 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, whole grain intake (g/day) was calculated for a total of generally healthy 1,953 subjects. The subjects were divided into three groups by the level of whole grain consumption (0 g/day, > 0 and < 20 g/day or > or = 20 g/day). Mean values or proportions of various nutrient intakes and metabolic risk factors were compared according to the level of whole grain consumption. All statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software version 9.2. RESULTS: We observed that the overall consumption of whole grains was quite low. Specifically, 58.2% of subjects reported no whole grain consumption on the day of the survey, and the mean whole grain intake was only 15.3 g/day. The whole grain consumption was positively associated with intakes of various macro and micronutrients, namely, plant proteins and fats, dietary fiber, calcium, plant iron, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, beta-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6 and folic acid. In addition, we found significantly decreasing trends in abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia as whole grain intake levels increase. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggested the importance of promoting whole grain consumption as an efficient tool for improving various dietary aspects and preventing chronic diseases.
beta Carotene ; Calcium ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Edible Grain* ; Chronic Disease ; Dietary Fats ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Iron ; Micronutrients ; Niacin ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Plant Proteins ; Plants ; Potassium ; Riboflavin ; Risk Factors* ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin B 6 ; Zinc

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Spleen*

The purposes of this study were to assess energy expenditure of eight walking activities in normal weight and overweight or obese high school students and to evaluate the accuracy of two accelerometers worn on the ankle and waist. Thirty-five (male 17, female 18) healthy high school students participated in this study. They were classified into normal weight (n=21) and overweight or obese (n=14) groups. The subjects completed five treadmill walking activities (TW2.4, TW3.2, TW4.0, TW4.8, TW5.6), followed by three self-selected hallway walking activities (walk as if walking and talking with a friend: HWL, walk as if hurrying across the street at a cross-walk: HWB, walk as fast as you can but do not run: HWF). Energy expenditure and metabolic equivalents (METs) were measured using a portable indirect calorimeter, and predicted energy expenditures and METs were derived from two accelerometers placed on the ankle and waist. Measured energy expenditures per body weight (kg) of eight walking activities were significantly higher in the normal weight group than in the obese group and significantly higher in female than male. The ankle accelerometer overestimated energy expenditures and METs (bias 49.4~105.5%), whereas the waist accelerometer underestimated energy expenditures and METs (bias −30.3~−85.8). Except for HWF (fast) activity, METs of seven activities were moderate intensity based on Compendium METs intensity categories. HWF (fast) activity was vigorous intensity. METs from the ankle accelerometer were vigorous intensity except TW2.4 activity (moderate intensity). METs from the waist accelerometer were low intensity (TW2.4, TW3.2, TW4.0, TW4.8, HWL) and moderate intensity (TW5.6, HWB, HWF). Physical activity guidelines were developed based on measured physical activity level of high school students. Further studies should investigate the effects of body composition in larger subjects.
Ankle* ; Body Composition ; Body Weight ; Energy Metabolism* ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Equivalent ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Walking*

Passive surveillance (PS) is a traditional approach to communicable disease surveillance. To complement the approach, several countries have adopted active surveillance (AS) systems that involve the voluntary participation of physicians. This study compares AS versus PS systems in Korea based on the systems' reporting propensity of chickenpox. A mail questionnaire survey was conducted with a random sample of physicians involved in the PS system (N=1,955) and all sentinel physicians of the AS system (N=193). Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with reporting propensity. The reporting propensity of physicians in the AS system was significantly higher than that in the PS surveillance system, 2.7 versus 1.9 on a 5-point Likert scale (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that, in addition to the type of the surveillance system, physician knowledge of chickenpox as a notifiable disease and the type of institution with which a physician was affiliated were significant factors for a physician's reporting propensity. For both systems, the common barriers for reporting were 'lack of confidence in diagnosis,' 'burden from interference by the public health department following reporting,' and 'complexity of the reporting system.' In conclusion, AS of communicable diseases appeared to have a significantly better performance compared to PS in Korea in the case of chickenpox reporting. These findings would be useful for countries concerned with developing more effective strategies for improving the reporting rate of notifiable diseases.
Chickenpox ; Communicable Diseases ; Complement System Proteins ; Korea ; Mandatory Reporting ; Postal Service ; Public Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea* ; Sentinel Surveillance

The incidence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children is rarer than that in adults. It is estimated that the rate of autoimmune hemolytic anemia is around 2 persons per 10,000,000. We describe here a boy with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia that was due to immunoglobulin G with an anti-e specificity. A 13-month-old boy with severe hemolytic anemia (hemoglobin: 6.0 g/dL) showed strong anti-IgG reactivity (4+) on the direct antiglobulin test. Antibody targeted against the e antigen was identified from both of his serum and the RBC eluate. In addition, he had e antigen on his RBCs. He was treated with prednisolone for 4 days and RBCs transfusions. After the second transfusion of RhD positive/e negative RBCs, his hemoglobin-level was increased to 10.3 g/dL. On his fifth hospital day, he was discharged with showing clinical improvement and improved values on his laboratory tests.
Adult ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; Child ; Coombs Test ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Incidence ; Infant ; Prednisolone ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess energy expenditure and metabolic cost (METs) of walking activities of college students and to compare treadmill based walking with self-selected hallway walking. METHODS: Thirty subjects (mean age 23.4 ± 1.6 years) completed eight walking activities. Five treadmill walking activities (TW2.4, TW3.2, TW4.0, TW4.8, TW5.6) were followed by three self-selected hallway walking activities, namely, walk as if you were walking and talking with a friend: HWL (leisurely), walk as if you were hurrying across the street at a cross-walk: HWB (brisk) and walk as fast as you can but do not run: HWF (fast) were performed by each subject. Energy expenditure was measured using a portable metabolic system and accelerometers. RESULTS: Except for HWF (fast) activity, energy expenditures of all other walking activities measured were higher in male than in female subjects. The lowest energy expenditure and METs were observed in TW2.4 (3.65 ± 0.84 kcal/min and 2.88 ± 0.26 METs in male), HWL (leisurely) (2.85 ± 0.70 kcal/min and 3.20 ± 0.57 METs in female), and the highest rates were observed in HWF (fast) (7.72 ± 2.81 kcal/min, 5.84 ± 1.84 METs in male, 6.65 ± 1.57 kcal/min, 7.13 ± 0.68 METs in female). Regarding the comparison of treadmill-based walking activities and self-selected walking, the energy expenditure of HWL (leisurely) was not significantly different from that of TW2.4. In case of male, no significant difference was observed between energy costs of HWB (brisk), HWF (fast) and TW5.6 activities, whereas in female, energy expenditures during HWB (brisk) and HWF (fast) were significantly different from that of TW5.6. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we observed that energy expenditure from self-selected walking activities of college students was comparable with treadmill-based activities at specific speeds. Our results suggested that a practicing leisurely or brisk walking for a minimum of 150 minutes per week by both male and female college students enable them to meet recommendations from the Physical activity guide for Koreans.
Energy Metabolism* ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Walking*

The osteopoikilosis is commonly known as harmatoma in which metaphyseal and epiphyseal area of long bones and the bone of pelvis, hands, feet and et al, contain islands of dense cortical bone with normal Harversian system without any symptoms. The radiologic findings of the osteopoikilosis is multitude of oval or well-circumscribed areas of increased density, 2 to 10 mm in size, in symmetrical distribution and normal uptake in bone scan. Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome, which is transmitted by autosomal dominant, is characterized by the association of osteopoikilosis and connective tissue nevi which are popular and symmetrically distributed lesions on chest, back, buttock, thigh or arm. Authors report three Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome, studied by CT scan, MRI, bone scan and bone and skin biopsy, among five patients associated with osteopoikilosis found by simple radiologic study from ten members in one family with their pedigree.
Arm ; Biopsy ; Buttocks ; Connective Tissue ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Islands ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nevus ; Osteopoikilosis ; Pedigree ; Pelvis ; Skin ; Thigh ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Purpose: To compare perioperative outcomes according to surgical methods among bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) with neobladder urinary diversion. Materials and Methods: Between June 2007 and January 2020, 89 bladder cancer patients who received RC with neobladder urinary diversion were enrolled in this study. Patients were stratified into surgical methods – (1) open RC with neobladder (ONB) reconstruction, (2) robotassisted RC (RARC) with extracorporeal neobladder (ECNB) reconstruction, and (3) RARC with intracorporeal neobladder (ICNB) reconstruction. Perioperative outcomes were compared among the 3 groups, with major complications defined according to Clavien-Dindo grades III–V within 90 days. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant factors for postoperative complications. Results: Of 89 patients, 28 (31%) had ONB, 31 (35%) had ECNB, and 30 (34%) had ICNB. The median operative time was 471 minutes, and the ICNB group (424.5 minutes) was significantly less than ONB (444.5 minutes) and ECNB groups (542.9 minutes) (p=0.001). Transfusion rate was also significantly less in the ICNB group (13%) (p=0.001). Complications were recorded in 67 patients (75%) and major complications in 22 of all patients (25%). The major complication rate was significantly less in ICNB (13.4%) than in ONB (25%) and ECNB (35%) (p=0.003). Multivariate analysis showed surgical methods (ICNB) (odds ratio [OR], 0.709; p=0.003) and age (OR, 1.150; p=0.001) were significant factors related to occurrence of major postoperative complications. Conclusions RARC with ICNB reduces postoperative complications compared to ONB and ECNB.