There has been a sharp increase in the number of obese people worldwide thanks to modern prosperity in accordance with rapid industrialization and economic development. Recently, bariatric surgery has been applied actively to extremely obese patients (BMI>35 kg/m2) and presented as an alternative solution to provide not only weight loss but also a treatment for metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most important diseases in morbidly obese patients, and many patients suffer from symptoms like epigastric pain, regurgitation, and dry cough. However, such symptoms are easy to be overlooked and studies on GERD are scarce in relation to bariatric surgery. In morbidly obese patients, high abdominal pressure leads to a pressure gradient between esophagus and stomach. This induces a hiatal hernia causing a greater likelihood of GERD. Many studies in regards to GERD were made after bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and gastric band), and various results have been presented. Studies should be carried out on pre-operative diagnosis of GERD, choice of operative method, and improvement of symptoms after the operation. Research is also needed upon bariatric operation in patients with uncontrolled GERD.
Bariatric Surgery ; Cough ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Economic Development ; Esophagus ; Gastrectomy ; Gastric Bypass ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Hernia, Hiatal ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Metabolic Diseases ; Methods ; Obesity, Morbid* ; Stomach ; Weight Loss

No abstract available.
Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular*

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate clinical usefulness by evaluating the marginal bone resorption and survival rate of an implant with a taper straight type SLA surface domestically available on the market recently. Materials and methods: 40 implants satisfying the including criteria were observed for one year of 125 implants of 83 adult men and women who had KISPLANT® implanted from August 2016 to December 2019 at the Department of Periodontology, Chonnam National University Dental Hospital. The marginal bone level was measured on periapical radiographs taken initially and 1 year later and we analyzed implant survival and success rates. A t-test was used for the analysis of the association between the marginal bone resorption and the severity of periodontitis, supportive periodontal therapy, the inserted site, the cause of extraction, immediate placement, and systemic disease. Results: After 1 year of loading, the mesial bone resorption was 0.74 ± 1.07 mm, and the distal bone resorption was 0.53 ± 1.04 mm. The marginal bone resorption of 2 mm or more occurred at 3 implants out of 40 implants after 1 year, so the success rate of implant was 92.5% and survival rate was 100%. There was a significant difference in mesial marginal bone resorption according to the inserted site and no significant differences were found between marginal bone resorption and the other factors. Conclusion As a result of marginal bone resorption, success rate, and survival rate in this study, we found little marginal bone resorption and high survival and success rate. It can be concluded that they represent excellent clinical results.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trigger finger are representative pathologic conditions of the hand. Although several studies have evaluated the epidemiology of these diseases as nationwide population-based research, they had several limitations including old data and short study period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥ 20 years diagnosed with CTS or trigger finger between 2009 and 2019 using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. The annual incidence of these diseases was standardized based on age and sex. The proportion of patients who received corticosteroid injections or surgery within 1 year of their diagnoses was calculated annually. Results: The mean annual incidence of CTS was 360.26 per 100,000 person-years and that of trigger finger was 63.09 per 100,000 person-years. The annual incidence of CTS (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.979; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.972–0.985; p < 0.001) and trigger finger (IRR, 0.976; 95% CI, 0.967–0.985; p < 0.001) significantly decreased. The proportion of patients who received corticosteroid injections for CTS significantly increased (relative risk [RR], 1.025; 95% CI, 1.020–1.031; p < 0.001), while the number of surgeries significantly decreased (RR, 0.949; 95% CI, 0.940–0.957; p < 0.001). The proportion of patients who received corticosteroid injections for trigger finger significantly increased (RR, 1.021; 95% CI, 1.009–1.033; p < 0.001), while the number of surgeries did not change significantly (RR, 1.006; 95% CI, 0.988–1.023; p = 0.523). Conclusions In the past 10 years, the incidence of CTS and trigger finger decreased. The portion of patients who received corticosteroid injections increased for both diseases, but the portion of patients who had surgery decreased for CTS within 1 year after diagnosis. This study provides insight into the epidemiology of these diseases in an Asian population and may inform estimates of healthcare costs.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trigger finger are representative pathologic conditions of the hand. Although several studies have evaluated the epidemiology of these diseases as nationwide population-based research, they had several limitations including old data and short study period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥ 20 years diagnosed with CTS or trigger finger between 2009 and 2019 using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. The annual incidence of these diseases was standardized based on age and sex. The proportion of patients who received corticosteroid injections or surgery within 1 year of their diagnoses was calculated annually. Results: The mean annual incidence of CTS was 360.26 per 100,000 person-years and that of trigger finger was 63.09 per 100,000 person-years. The annual incidence of CTS (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.979; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.972–0.985; p < 0.001) and trigger finger (IRR, 0.976; 95% CI, 0.967–0.985; p < 0.001) significantly decreased. The proportion of patients who received corticosteroid injections for CTS significantly increased (relative risk [RR], 1.025; 95% CI, 1.020–1.031; p < 0.001), while the number of surgeries significantly decreased (RR, 0.949; 95% CI, 0.940–0.957; p < 0.001). The proportion of patients who received corticosteroid injections for trigger finger significantly increased (RR, 1.021; 95% CI, 1.009–1.033; p < 0.001), while the number of surgeries did not change significantly (RR, 1.006; 95% CI, 0.988–1.023; p = 0.523). Conclusions In the past 10 years, the incidence of CTS and trigger finger decreased. The portion of patients who received corticosteroid injections increased for both diseases, but the portion of patients who had surgery decreased for CTS within 1 year after diagnosis. This study provides insight into the epidemiology of these diseases in an Asian population and may inform estimates of healthcare costs.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trigger finger are representative pathologic conditions of the hand. Although several studies have evaluated the epidemiology of these diseases as nationwide population-based research, they had several limitations including old data and short study period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥ 20 years diagnosed with CTS or trigger finger between 2009 and 2019 using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. The annual incidence of these diseases was standardized based on age and sex. The proportion of patients who received corticosteroid injections or surgery within 1 year of their diagnoses was calculated annually. Results: The mean annual incidence of CTS was 360.26 per 100,000 person-years and that of trigger finger was 63.09 per 100,000 person-years. The annual incidence of CTS (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.979; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.972–0.985; p < 0.001) and trigger finger (IRR, 0.976; 95% CI, 0.967–0.985; p < 0.001) significantly decreased. The proportion of patients who received corticosteroid injections for CTS significantly increased (relative risk [RR], 1.025; 95% CI, 1.020–1.031; p < 0.001), while the number of surgeries significantly decreased (RR, 0.949; 95% CI, 0.940–0.957; p < 0.001). The proportion of patients who received corticosteroid injections for trigger finger significantly increased (RR, 1.021; 95% CI, 1.009–1.033; p < 0.001), while the number of surgeries did not change significantly (RR, 1.006; 95% CI, 0.988–1.023; p = 0.523). Conclusions In the past 10 years, the incidence of CTS and trigger finger decreased. The portion of patients who received corticosteroid injections increased for both diseases, but the portion of patients who had surgery decreased for CTS within 1 year after diagnosis. This study provides insight into the epidemiology of these diseases in an Asian population and may inform estimates of healthcare costs.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trigger finger are representative pathologic conditions of the hand. Although several studies have evaluated the epidemiology of these diseases as nationwide population-based research, they had several limitations including old data and short study period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥ 20 years diagnosed with CTS or trigger finger between 2009 and 2019 using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. The annual incidence of these diseases was standardized based on age and sex. The proportion of patients who received corticosteroid injections or surgery within 1 year of their diagnoses was calculated annually. Results: The mean annual incidence of CTS was 360.26 per 100,000 person-years and that of trigger finger was 63.09 per 100,000 person-years. The annual incidence of CTS (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.979; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.972–0.985; p < 0.001) and trigger finger (IRR, 0.976; 95% CI, 0.967–0.985; p < 0.001) significantly decreased. The proportion of patients who received corticosteroid injections for CTS significantly increased (relative risk [RR], 1.025; 95% CI, 1.020–1.031; p < 0.001), while the number of surgeries significantly decreased (RR, 0.949; 95% CI, 0.940–0.957; p < 0.001). The proportion of patients who received corticosteroid injections for trigger finger significantly increased (RR, 1.021; 95% CI, 1.009–1.033; p < 0.001), while the number of surgeries did not change significantly (RR, 1.006; 95% CI, 0.988–1.023; p = 0.523). Conclusions In the past 10 years, the incidence of CTS and trigger finger decreased. The portion of patients who received corticosteroid injections increased for both diseases, but the portion of patients who had surgery decreased for CTS within 1 year after diagnosis. This study provides insight into the epidemiology of these diseases in an Asian population and may inform estimates of healthcare costs.

The nutritional support of acutely ill patients is very important and early enteral nutrition is recommended. Feeding via the nasogastric route is used widely for its ease of access if the patient cannot maintain volitional food intake. If the position of the tip or side holes of the nasogastric tube (NGT) is above the gastroesophageal junction, there is the possibility of retention and solidification of the administered enteral feeding formula in the esophagus. Therefore, the tip of the NGT should be checked carefully; a chest radiograph to confirm its position can be considered, especially in patients with a higher risk of aspiration and gastroesophageal reflux. In addition, careful consideration of the risk factors that can trigger esophageal obstruction is required when feeding patients in the intensive care unit. This paper describes two unusual cases of esophageal obstruction caused by the solidification of residue of an enteral feeding formula.
Eating ; Enteral Nutrition* ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Esophagus ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Nutritional Support ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: The immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) criteria were newly standardized by the International Working Group. Thus, we analyzed the natural course of childhood chronic ITP to predict the prognosis based on the revised criteria. METHODS: The medical records of children with chronic ITP from May 2000 to February 2013 in our institute were reviewed. RESULTS: Forty-seven children with chronic ITP who were not undergoing corticosteroid therapy were included. Their initial platelet count was 23+/-25x10(9)/L, and age at diagnosis was 6.3+/-4.1 years. The follow-up period was 5.4+/-3.7 years. Among them, 44.7% (21/47) showed spontaneous remission and maintained a platelet count > or =100x10(9)/L. And 66.0% (31/47) maintained a platelet count > or =50x10(9)/L until the last follow-up date. The time periods required for the platelet count to be maintained > or =50x10(9)/L and > or =100 x10(9)/L were 3.1+/-2.7 and 3.6+/-2.7 years. Age at diagnosis in the > or =50x10(9)/L group (5.7+/-4.4 years) was significantly lower than the age at diagnosis in the <50x10(9)/L group (7.4+/-3.3 years) (P=0.040). And follow-up period was the factor influencing prognosis between the > or =100x10(9)/L group and <50x10(9)/L group (P=0.022). CONCLUSION: Approximately 45% of children with chronic ITP recovered spontaneously about 3-4 years after the diagnosis and 2/3 of patients maintained a platelet count > or =50x10(9)/L, relatively safe state. Age at diagnosis of ITP and follow-up period were the factors influencing prognosis in this study.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Platelet Count ; Prognosis ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Thrombocytopenia*

Gastrojejunocolic fistula is a rare condition after gastrojejunostomy. It is severe complications of gastrojejunostomy, which results an inadequate resection or incomplete vagotomy during peptic ulcer surgery. The symptoms are diarrhea, upper abdominal pain, bleeding, vomiting and weight loss. A 55-year-old man with chronic diarrhea and weight loss for 6 months visited Dankook University Hospital. The patient had received a truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy for duodenal ulcer obstruction 15 years previously. The patient underwent gastroscopy and upper gastrointestinal series evaluations, which detected the gastrojejunocolic fistula. After improving of malnutrition, an exploratory laparotomy was undertaken, which revealed that the gastrojejunostomy site and the T-colon formed adhesion and fistula. En block resection of the distal stomach and T-colon included the gastrojejunocolic fistula, and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy was performed. Recovery was uneventful and the patient remained well at the follow-up. We report a gastrojejunocolic fistula, which is a rare case after gastrojejunostomy.
Abdominal Pain ; Diarrhea ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Bypass ; Gastroscopy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Malnutrition ; Peptic Ulcer ; Stomach ; Vagotomy ; Vagotomy, Truncal ; Vomiting ; Weight Loss