ObjectiveTo investigate the value of S100B protein in the evaluation of prognosis for patients with severe brain injury.MethodsThe serum S100B protein concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 86 patients with severe brain injury(observation group) and 89 healthy individuals(control group) from February 2009 to March 2011.The clinical symptom and Glasgow outcome scale(GOS) score were measured.ResultsIn the 86 patients of observation group,33 patients were with good-recovery,25 patients were with moderate-deficit,14 patients were with severe-deficit,1 patient was detected of persistent vegetative status,and 13 patients died.The rate of excellent prognosis and worse prognosis were 67.4％ (58/86) and 32.6％ (28/86).The concentration of S100B protein was obviously higher in observation group [ ( 1.42 ± 0.42 ) μ g/L ] than that in control group [ (0.16 ± 0.05 ) μ g/L ] in 24 hours (P ＜ 0.01 ).The concentration of S100B protein in worse prognosis [ (2.15 ± 0.51 ) μ g/L] was obviously higher than that in excellent prognosis [ ( 0.92 ± 0.49) μ g/L ] ( P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsS100B protein has high sensitivity and specificity to evaluate brain injury,and it is a reliable and valid biochemical marker of the brain damage.It has important clinical value in the evaluation of severity and prediction of prognosis for patients with severe brain injury.

Objective To explore the early expression of autophagy associated proteins in lung tissues in acute lung injury in‐duced by remote limb ischemia reperfusion(LIR‐ALI)in Rats .Methods Twelve adult male SD rats weighting 220-250 g were made LIR‐ALI models and divided randomly into two groups(6 in each group):Sham operation group and ischemia‐reperfusion(I/R)group .The rats were anesthetized and the tissues of lung were removed at the end of 4 hours of reperfusion after 3 hours of is‐chemia .The serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were detected with ELISA and the pathological changes of lung tissues were ob‐served by immunofluorescence techniques ;the expression of Beclin1 protein and Atg5 mRNA in the lung tissues were detected by reverse transcription PCR(RT‐PCR) .Microtubules associated protein light chain 3(LC3)in the lung tissues were detected by West‐ern blot test .Results Compared with Sham group ,the level of serum LDH in I/R group were very higher than Sham group(P<0 .01) ,which showed that the rats models of LIR‐ALI were established .The expression of specific antibody ,Beclin1 protein ,Atg5 mRNA and LC3‐Ⅰ ,LC3‐Ⅱ and the ratio of LC3‐Ⅱ /GAPDH in lung tissues were all very higher in I/R group than in Sham group (P<0 .01) .Conclusion ALI can be induced by LIR and the expression of autophagy associated proteins in lung tissues in LIR‐ALI model is very higher in rats .

The function of cellular membrane receptor has been paid more attention in many dieases.Integrin is one of them.The major function of integrin is maintaining the proper structure of tissues by organization of cell-cell and cell-extracelluar matrix tethering.The initiation and prolongation of many diseases are promoted by these receptors.Disintegrin is one important component of the snake venom.It inhibit the adhesive attraction of integrin particularly.This review summarizes the types and the biological activities of snake venom disintegrins,as well as discusses there potential clinical application of the study,such as anti-tumor,anticoagulation,and various human diseases.

BACKGROUND: BK viral infection after renal transplantation influences the prognosis of BK virus-associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients. The disease has been widely studied in foreign countries.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to sum up the diagnosis and treatment of BK virus-associated nephropathy after renal transplantation.RETRIVAL STRATEGY: Using the terms "renal transplantation; BK virus" in the English language, manuscripts responsible for BK virus-associated nephropathy after renal transplantation that were published from January 2000 to January 2007 were retrieved from the PubMed database. A total of 206 manuscripts were obtained and primarily screened. Inclusion criteria: studies addressing BK virus-associated nephropathy after renal transplantation. Exclusion criteria: repetitive studies.LITERATURE EVALUATION: The included manuscripts were primarily from PubMed database. Manuscripts were primarily original and review studies.DATA SYNTHESIS: BK virus can be found in the urine of 3%-40% of adult renal transplant recipients. BK virus reactivation rate is very high, but the histological manifestations of BK virus associated nephropathy are found only in a small number of renal transplant recipients. The prognosis of BK virus associated nephropathy is very poor. BK virus associated nephropathy develops into renal failure, leading to transplant loss, in 30%-50% patients. BK virus-caused renal transplant disease must be diagnosed according to histological manifestations. Viral infection should be primarily confirmed, but serological measurements have no predominant effects. Electron microscopy should be involved in the assessment of renal graft biopsy, especially when renal failure factors are unknown, as through the use of electron microscope, viral particles in the nucleus, cytoplasm and outside of the cells could be detectable. Viral antigen in the urine sample of patients with BK viruria can be detected by nucleic acid hybridization method, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Cidofovir is an effective medicine for treatment of BK virus-associated nephropathy, but its potential nephrotoxicity, proper dose, pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerance, anti-BK viral activities have not been confirmed. So fresher study should be required for aforementioned uncertainties.CONCLUSION: BK virus-associated nephropathy has poor prognosis and should be diagnosed according to histological examinations. BK virus-associated nephropathy has been treated primarily by symptomatic supportive treatment and reducing the dose of immunosuppressive agents.

OBJECTIVE: To provide references for the improvement of innovation of the management of licensed pharmacists associations in China. METHODS: We analyzed the characteristics of licensed pharmacists associations, defined the connotation of "management innovation" and discussed the strategies for the management innovation of licensed pharmacists associations in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The innovation strategies for the management of licensed pharmacists associations in China include idea innovation, system innovation, technological innovation and management mode innovation etc to maintain a sustainable development of organization.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the management level in outpatient dispensary.METHODS: The current management model in each outpatient dispensary of our hospital was introduced;the problems were pointed out and the proposals were put forward.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The current outpatient pharmacy management mode and drug control measures of "individual responsibility,weekly small stocktaking,monthly big stocktaking,and irregular spot checks" is feasible,if optimized further,which would help enhance the working quality and service level in pharmacy.

Anesthetic pharmacology is a bridge subject that connects preclinical medicine with clinical medicine,and multiple methods of teaching in this subject would play an vital role in training student’s idea of scientific research and creativity.Combining modern teaching means with clinical medicine is an evaluative tendency for education of anesthetic pharmacology in the future.

strain 49 #(BD-4),which had the highest flocculating activity among 752 strains,was picked out.The fermentation condi tions and the flocculating influence factors were studied.By testing,this cult ure broth had a much more ability to get rid of suspended materials in water and to decolourize the high-density dyestuff wastewater. In laboratory scale,bioflocculant was roughly extracted from culture broth by t he technological process,water extraction-organic solvent sediment-vacuum dry .The suitable work conditions of each step were set up through the tests.0 198 5g dry product was obtained from 100mL culture broth.

Humans ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery

Humans ; Respiratory System ; anatomy & histology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; etiology ; therapy