OBJECTIVE: To discuss the countermeasures in enforcing medical intellectual property rights strategy in China. METHODS: The urgency and status quo of enforcing medical intellectual property rights strategy in China were analyzed, and the corresponding countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Speed up the enforcement of medical intellectual property rights strategy is the only way toward developing medicine economy and improving our international competition edge.

AIM:To study the function of pancreatic ? cells in the R6/2 transgenic mouse of Huntington's disease(HD),and to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying diabetes mellitus in transgenic mice of HD. METHODS:By using the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of HD,fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin concentration in plasma of normal and HD mice were detected. Further,HE staining and immunofluorescence technique were used for morphometric analysis of islets in normal and HD mice. RESULTS:In contrast to normal mouse,R6/2 HD mouse showed hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in fasting state. Pancreatic islets morphology showed that islets atrophied and cell number decreased in HD mouse. Poor functional index was observed in these mice,but insulin resistance index was normal. CONCLUSION:Impaired function of pancreatic cells may be the key factor contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetes in the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of HD.

Objective To study the effect of heat shock protein 40(HSP40) and heat shock protein 70(HSP70) on the aggregate formation of mutant huntingtin (htt) and its toxicity in N2a cells. Methods The effect of the over-expression of HSP40 and HSP70 alone or co-over-expression of them on aggregate formation of transfected mutant htt (containing 150 glutamine repeats, 150Q) in N2a cells was detected by fluorescence microcopy and Western blotting. Cell viabilities were detected by MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected by colorimetric method. Results The over-expression of HSP40 and HSP70 alone, especially the co-over-expression of them, dramatically decreases the formation of 150Q htt aggregates in N2a cells. The numbers of aggregates in each group are as follows ( n = 1 000): about 50% in the group of 150Q htt-expressing alone, about 12% in the group of over-expression of HSP40, about 15% in the group of over-expression of HSP70, about 5% in the group of co-over-expression of HSP40 and HSP70. The result of MTT assay shows that the over-expression of HSP40 and HSP70 alone, especially the co-over-expression of them, dramatically increases cell viabilities ( P<0.01, n =3) and reduces the production of ROS ( P<0.01, n =3). Conclusion HSP40 and HSP70 can increase cell viabilities of 150Q N2a cells via inhibiting the aggregates formation of mutant huntingtin and reducing oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of children pneumonia hospitalization expense and provide refer‐ence for its expense control .Methods Path analysis was performed on the hospitalization expense and its influencing factors based on 927 pneumonia children in a hospital in Chongqing in 2011 .Results Multivariate regression analyasis showed that the influen‐cing factors of children pneumonia hospitalization expense were proportion of drug expense ,length of hospital stay ,type of pay‐ment ,admission condition ,therapeutic outcome and age .The coefficient of determination (R2 =0 .867 ,F=597 .552 ,P<0 .01) .Be‐sides ,proportion of drugs ,admission condition and therapeutic outcome had indirect effects by influencing hospital stay .The coeffi‐cient of determination (R2 =0 .506 F=330 .336 ,P<0 .01) .According to the total coefficient of path analysis ,the factors of influen‐cing hospitalization expense were listed in descending order as follows :proportion of drug expense ,length of hospital stay ,therapeu‐tic outcome ,type of payment ,admission condition and age .Conclusion Reducing drug proportion ,length of hospital stay ,and strengthening supervision on medicare patients′ expense are effective measurements to control children pneumonia hospitalization ex penses .

Objective To investigate the significance of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 test for assessing the occurrence and development of chronic heart failure.Methods One hundred and twenty-seven patients with chronic heart failure were enrolled in the observation group,and 40 cases community health people were selected for the control group. The levels of serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were detected and the LVEF and E/E ' were evaluated using endocardiography. Results Compared with the control group, the level of MMP-9 was significantly higher (<0.01) but the level of TIMP-1 had significantly decreased ( <0.05) in the observation group. And the ratio of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 had significantly increased compared with the control group ( <0.05) . There were statistically significant differences of LVEF and E/E' between the observation group and control group ( <0.05) . In the observation group,the level of MMP-9, MMP-9/TIMP-1,LVEF and E/E' were increased but the level of TIMP-1 decreased significantly in cases with cardiac functional class III compared with cardiac function class II (<0.05) . There were significant differences between the cases with class IV heart function and class II, III in the levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ( <0.05) . In the cases of class IV heart function, the LVEF and E/E' have significantly increased compared with the cases of class II ( <0.05) . MMP-9 + TIMP-1 +MMP-9/TIMP-1 combination has higher sensitivity and specificity than the MMP-9,TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 single indicator, and the joint diagnostic value of LVEF + E/E' was less than that of IL-18+ NT-ProBNP. Conclusion The levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and their ratio may have contributed to the early detection and diagnosis for chronic heart failure,and help to determine the disease progression.

Objective:To prolong the allograft survival time in immunized mice with immature dendritic cell, and to analyze the mechanism of hypo allo immuno responsiveness induced by immature dendritic cells Methods:Based on mouse cardiac allograft model, the survival of cardiac recipients immunized with mature or immature DC were observed Meanwhile the CTL activity of splenocytes from immature DC immunized recipients was detected Results:The survival time of cardiac allograft was substantially prolonged and the mean survival time extended from 9 1?0 73 days to 25 4?4 27 days It became more effective if those immunized mice were treated in combination with adriamycin application, the mean survival time of allograft was extended to 30 5?3 98 days It was proved that the CTL activity in spleen cells from the mice immunized with immature DCs was much lower (specific release was 16 32%) than that from the immunized mice with mature DCs (specific release was 39 58%) Conclusion:Immature DCs could induce prolongation of allograft survival time It may be possible that low CTL activity in recipients immunized with immature DCs promised this prolongation

Approximately 20 percent patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal instability, most of which occurs due to symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal instability, trauma, tumor, and isthmus cleft, have no well results after expectant treatments. So they eventually receive reconstruction treatment to achieve thorough decompression and rebuilding of lumbar spinal stability. There are various kinds of treatments, and each of them has specific features. Therefore, the internal fixation and fusion methods should be selected according to patient condition to improve fusion rate, shorten bed staying duration and reduce complications. This paper summarized indications and features of each kind of operation as well as techniques of the interbody fusion.

0 05] Conclusion Ang (1 7) can exert certain protective effect on renal fibrosis in 2K1C hypertensive rats, and can attenuate proteinuria

The 5'-flanking region of the human ?-fetoprotein(AFP) gene contains transcriptional regulatory sequences(TRSs) which up-regulate AFP gene expression with cell-specific enhancer activity in hepatoma cells. A couple of primers(Primerl: 5'-TGCAAGCTTATGATTCCCAAATATC-3'; Primer 2: 5'-GTCGAATTCGTGGCCTGGA TAAAGCTGAGT-3') were designed for synthesis and purification according to the known sequences of 5'-flanking region. AFPTRSs of 416 base pairs were amplified from human chromosome DNA by PCR, The identification of the AFPTRSs was confirmed to be consistent with reported sequences. The AFPTRSs can be applied to regulating the specific expression of cytokines in hepatoma cells.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics between types 1 and 2 endometrial uterine cancers.Methods The clinical materials of 9 437 patients with uterine cancer were collected with retrospective analysis from 62 hospitals during 2000 to 2010.Results The mean age of type 1 endometrial cancers was less than type 2.There were more young patients in type 1 endometrial cancers.The mean menopause age of type 2 endometrial cancers was greater than type 1.The mean age of menarche,obesity,diabetes,hypertension,infertility,and nulliparous were not significant differences between types 1 and 2 endometrial cancers.There were more patients with advanced tumor,deep myometrium invasion,estrogen receptor (ERs) negative,progesterone receptor (PR) negative,P53 positive,lymph vascular space involvement,cervical stromal invasion,adnexal metastasis,and lymph node metastasis in type 2 endometrial cancers.Conclusions Type 2 endometrial uterine cancers occurred in elder people with more pathological risk factors and more malignant biological activities.