Objective To explore the diagnostic value of combination detection of carcino‐embryonic antigen(CEA ) ,cytokeratin 19 fragment 21‐1(CYFR21‐1) ,neuron‐specific enolase(NSE) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for early lung cancer and its correlation with clinical effects .Methods 69 cases of lung cancer were included into the lung cancer group and 50 cases of benign pulmonary disease were included into the lung benign disease group .All the patients were given bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) .The chemiluminescence immunoassay was adopted to detect the levels of CEA ,CYFR21‐1 and NSE in BALF .The changes of tumor markers levels were compared between the two groups and among different clinical curative effects in the patients with lung cancer . Results The levels of CEA ,CYFR21‐1 and NSE in BALF of the lung cancer group were significantly higher than those of the be‐nign pulmonary disease group ,the difference was statistically significant (P < 0 .05) .The levels of tumor markers in the stage Ⅱ of lung cancer were higher than those in the stage Ⅰ of lung cancer ,the difference was statistically significant (P< 0 .05) ;the levels of CEA ,CYFR21‐1 and NSE in BALF were gradually increased with the decrease of clinical effect (P< 0 .05) ;the sensitivity and spe‐cificity of the combined detection of three tumor markers were 62 .3% and 82 .0% respectively ,which were significantly higher than those of any single tumor marker (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The levels of CEA ,CYFR21‐1 and NSE in BALF of early lung cancer patients are obviously increased ,moreover which is closely correlated with the pathological stage of lung cancer ,the combined detec‐tion could contribute to improve the detection rate of early lung cancer and guide the evaluation of clinical effect .

Purpose] This paper discusses, in the information era, how to improve col ege English teachers ’ digital literacy. [Method] A questionnaire survey is carried out of the status of col ege English teachers ’ digital literacy in Zhejiang. [Results]Only 25% universities where the respondents work are wel equipped with adequate digital facilities.54% respondents haven ’t received any training in digital technologies and teaching methods. Most of respondents (90%) are interested in digital technologies;however, only 56%of them often use them in class. 90%respondents consider it necessary to receive training in digital teaching technologies. [Conclusion] Firstly, local universities should offer teachers better teaching facilities, more educational resources and training courses; secondly, education of digital literacy and teaching courses should be combined; final y, teachers should possess a correct judgment and improve their awareness of negative information in the virtual environment with self-protection consciousness.

Objective To investigate the effects of hypothermia combined with sevoflurane on myocardial monophasic action potential (MAP) and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) of the left ventricle in rabbits in vitro. Methods Adult rabbits weighing 1.5-2.0 kg were sacrificed after heparinized and anesthetized.The hearts were immediately removed and perfused with K-H soluation saturated with 95%O2-5%CO2 at 37℃ in a Langendorff apparatus. Forty-eight isolated hearts were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n = 8 each): Ⅰ control group (group C), Ⅱ low concentration sevoflurane group ( group S1 ), Ⅲ high concentration sevoflurane group (group S2 ), Ⅳ hypothermia group (group H), Ⅴ hypothermia + low concentration sevoflurane (group HS1 ) and Ⅵ hypothermia + high concentraion sevoflurane (group HS2 ).Group C received continous perfusion. Group S1and S2 received perfusion with K-H solution saturated with 2.4% and 4.8% sevoflurane at 37 ℃ for 30 min respectively. Group H received perfusion with K-H solution at 30℃ for 30 min. Group HS1 and HS2 received perfusion with K-H solution saturated with 2.4% and 4.8% sevoflurane at 30℃ respectively.MAPs of epicardium, mid-myocardium and endocardium of the left ventricle were recorded. MAP duration at 90%repolarization(MAPD90)and TDR were calculated. Early after-depolarization,delayed after-depolarization and arrhythmia were also recorded. Results Compared with group C, MAPD90 of the 3 layers of ventricle was significandy prolonged, the incidence of arrhythmia increased in group H (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in TDR among all groups ( P＞0.05). There was no interaction between sevoflurane and hypothermia (P＞0.05), and it only showed that MAPD90 was prolonged by hypothermia (P ＜0.05 ). Conclusion Hypothermia combined with sevoflurane exerts no significant effects on myocardial MAP and TDR of ventricles in rabbits, and sevoflurane decreases the incidence of hypothermia-induced arrhythmia through inhibiting the prolongation of MAPD90.

Objective To investigate the effects of hypothermia combined with sevoflurane on expression of myocardial gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in isolated rabbit hearts.Methods Healthy adult rabbits of both sexes,weighing 1.5-2.0 kg,were sacrificed after anesthetization.The hearts were rapidly excised and perfused in a langendorff apparatus with K-H solution saturated with 95％ O2-5％ CO2 at 37 ℃ in a langendorff apparatus.Forty isolated hearts were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each):control group (group C),hypothermia group (group H) and hypothermia combined with sevoflurane group (group HS).At 15 min of equilibration,the perfusion with K-H solution was continued at 37 ℃ in group C,K-H solution saturated with 2.4％ sevoflurane was perfused at 37 ℃ in group S,K-H solution was perfused at 30 ℃ in group H,and K-H solution saturated with 2.4％ sevoflurane was perfused at 30 ℃ in group HS.At 30 min of perfusion,myocardial specimens were obtained from the anterior wall of the left ventricle for detection of the expression of Cx43 in myocardial cells (by immunohistochemistry and Western blot).Results Compared with group C,Cx43 expression was downregualted in group H (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in Cx43 expression in S and HS groups (P ＞ 0.05).Cx43 levels distributed mainly in the intercalated disc in S and HS groups,and in H group the distribution of Cx43 levels in the intercalated disc was less,but the percentages of lateralized Cx43 were increased.Conclusion Sevofurane can inhibit hypothermia-induced down-regulation and distribution disturbance of myocardial Cx43 expression,which may be the mechanism by which sevofurane inhibits hypothermia-induced arrhythmia.

Objective To investigate the environmental risk factors for allergic rhinitis, especially indoor environmental risk factors. Methods Hospital-based case-control study design was used. The 42 adult patients with allergic rhinitis and 57 controls from the third affiliated hospital of Peking University were interviewed face to face by trained nurses using questionnaire, which included general social demographic characteristics, disease history, smoking, occupation, indoor environment, family allergic history and other relevant information. Results The case whose parents had allergic diseases likely got allergic rhinitis (OR=2.882,95%CI:1.028-8.077). The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was positively associated with salad oil used for cooking (OR=3.777, P

Objective To investigate the application of video-mediastinoscopic biopsy and treatment for pleural effusion. Methods Thirty-two patients with pleural effusion received mediastinoscopic biopsy or treatment. The patients were maintained at a lateral decubitus. A 2 cm incision was made along the midaxillary line for introducing the mediastinoscope. The pleural fluid was drawn out and exploration with biopsy was conducted under mediastinoscope. For 25 patients with malignant hydrothorax, talcum powder was applied for pleurodesis. Results The operation time was 30~70 min (mean, 42 min). A confirmative diagnosis was obtained by video-mediastinoscopy in all the 32 patients, including adencarcinoma in 22 patients, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in 2, invasive thymoma in 1, tuberculosis in 5, and inflammation in 2. All the operations were successful and the patients recovered smoothly without severe postoperative complications. Conclusions Video-mediastinoscopy is one of effective methods for biopsy and treatment of pleural effusion.

Objective The K-ras gene plays a major role in the development , progression, and drug selection for the target treatment of colorectal cancer .The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of detecting K-ras mutation in colorectal cancer by high-resolution melting ( HRM) analysis and to investigate the relationship between K-ras mutation and the clinicopathological parame-ters of colorectal cancer. Methods We collected the tissue samples of colorectal cancer from 179 patients, detected the mutations in codons 12 and 13 of the K-ras gene, and analyzed the relationship between K-ras mutation and the clinicopathological parameters of the patients. Results In the 179 cases of colorectal cancer, K-ras mutation was found in 77 (43.02%), significantly higher in those aged ≥60 years than in those aged <60 years (55.17% vs 33.70%, P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant influence of age on K-ras mutation (OR=1.506, 95%CI:1.028-2.011, P<0.05). Conclusion HRM analysis is a rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive diagnostic tool for the detection of K-ras mutation, and K-ras mutation is associated with the age of colorectal cancer patients .

0.05). Conclusion:Administering propofol or midazolam is helpful in avoiding cerebral oxygenation imbalance during CPB.