This study was aimed to investigate management conditions and dietitians' perception for improvement of school milk programs. Using an online sampling method, collected data from 1,723 dietitians nationwide were analyzed. The results show that 44.4% of respondents carried out the cyclic school milk program, providing various types of dairy products either weekly or monthly. Further, 80.3% of respondents answered that preference survey results were a determining factor in their choice of school milk provider, and 55.9% said that a school steering committee made the decision on relevant facts of the school milk program. For diversification of school milk type, 60.5% of respondents wanted to maintain the current system, and 39.5% answered that milk type needed to be diversified. The respondents preferred fermented milk products, functional milk, and processed milk, in order, if school milk type is diversified. To improve perception and knowledge about milk, 66.0% of respondents thought that nutrition education by a nutrition teacher would be the most effective, and parent's letters or a nutrition newsletter would be helpful. More than half of respondents (55.0%) disagreed with a merged program for school foodservice and milk.
Cultured Milk Products ; Dairy Products ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Humans ; Milk* ; Nutritionists ; Periodicals as Topic

Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type V, also known as McArdle’s disease, is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by a mutation of the PYGM gene related to the synthesis of the myophosphorylase enzyme. Here, we presented the case of an 83-year-old woman who was admitted for progressively worsening weakness of her legs due to rhabdomyolysis after a COVID-19 vaccination. In the muscle biopsy, myopathy with subsarcolemmal glycogen accumulation was revealed and she was diagnosed with a mild form of GSD type V. Although COVID-19 vaccines are generally safe and encouraged for everyone, adverse events following COVID-19 vaccinations are increasing. We should pay attention to the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination including rhabdomyolysis.

Essential thrombocythemia in childhood is a rare clonal myeloproliferative disorder in the multipotent stem cell origin and is associated with an increased risk of thrombohemorrhagic complications. The one of diagnostic criteria is a platelet count of more than 600,000/mm3. We diagnosed this disease in 8 year old boy incidentally and treated with hydroxyurea. We report a case of essential thrombocythemia to summarize the current trends in the diagnosis and management with a brief review of related literatures.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydroxyurea ; Male ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Platelet Count ; Thrombocythemia, Essential*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Spleen*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic utility and predictors for determinate results of an enzyme-linked immunospot assay using induced sputum cells (IS ELISPOT) for a rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects suspected of pulmonary TB who had either sputum acid fast bacilli smear-negative or not producing sputum spontaneously were prospectively enrolled. ELISPOT assay was performed using cells from induced sputum. RESULTS: A total of 43 subjects, including 25 with TB (TB group) and 18 with non-TB disease (non-TB group) were enrolled. Results of IS ELISPOT were determinate in only 17/43 (39%) subjects, but all of determinate results were consistent with the final diagnosis. Of the 43 sputum samples, 11 (26%) were inadequate to perform IS ELISPOT. Of 32 adequate sputum samples, the proportion of determinate results was significantly higher in the TB group (75%, 15/20) than in the non-TB group (17%, 2/12) (p=0.002). The status of active TB was a unique predictor but smear positivity was not a significant predictor for determinate results. In addition, sensitivity of IS ELISPOT (75%, 9/12) in smear negative TB was higher than that of TB-polymerase chain reaction (25%, 3/12). CONCLUSION: IS ELISPOT showed relatively high diagnostic value and accuracy in the TB group, independent of smear positivity. IS ELISPOT may provide additional diagnostic yield for microbiological tools in the rapid diagnosis of smear-negative TB.
Adult ; Aged ; *Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Immunologic Tests/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*isolation & purification ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sputum/*microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/*diagnosis/microbiology

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of gadoxetic acid on the measurement of the stiffness value of MR elastography (MRE) used to evaluate hepatic fibrosis (HF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRE was obtained in 32 patients with clinically suspected chronic liver disease, both before and after injection of gadoxetic acid. Two independent reviewers measured the stiffness values of the liver parenchyma on elastograms. The mean liver stiffness values were compared in the pre- and post-contrast MREs using the paired t-test. Intra-rater and inter-rater correlation was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of both pre- and post-contrast MREs was evaluated for the diagnosis of significant HF (> or = F2) using cut off value of 3.1 kPa. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the stiffness values of the liver parenchyma on pre- and post-contrast MREs (p = 0.15 and 0.38 for each reader, respectively). Regarding intra-rater correlation, excellent agreement was noted on rater 1(ICC = 0.998) and rater 2 (ICC = 0.996). Excellent correlation regarding the measured stiffness values was noted on both pre- and post-contrast MREs (ICC = 0.988 for pre-contrast, ICC = 0.993 for post-contrast). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the pre- and post-contrast MREs for differentiating significant HF (> or = F2) from < or = F1 were same as 71%, 60%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: As there was no significant difference in the stiffness measurements seen on MREs before and after administration of gadoxetic acids, it is therefore acceptable to perform MRE after contrast injection in order to evaluate HF.
Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Fibrosis ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Bone Cysts* ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells*

Purpose: This study investigated the prevalence and perceptions of workplace violence against registered nurses (RNs) in hospitals. Methods: One thousand RNs replied to a nationwide survey from November 14 to December 22, 2022. They reported their general characteristics, prevalence of and their responses to different types of workplace violence from patients, family caregivers, physicians, and nurse peers, as well as their perceptions of workplace violence management systems. Results: A total of 71.1% of the RNs reported that they had experienced workplace violence in the last six months. The violence and sexual harassment experienced from patients and family caregivers were 57.3% and 19.1%, respectively. Furthermore, violence, sexual harassment, and workplace harassment from physicians were experienced by 24.6%, 4.0%, and 7.4%, respectively, of the RNs, and those from nurse peers by 21.4%, 3.1%, and 11.3%, respectively. The RNs stated that they often responded to workplace violence with passive and inactive behaviors, which were more serious toward physicians’ workplace violence or sexual harassment from different perpetrators. Only 69.5% were aware of their hospital’s workplace violence management systems, while only 14.7%~27.4%, according to the type of hospital (p=.471), perceived the systems as effective. Multiple important strategies were identified to prevent workplace violence. Conclusion Critical suggestions are discussed for the prevention of workplace violence, including protecting the human rights of healthcare professionals, inter-organizational collaboration, and a culture of person-centered healthcare, and training nurse managers’ competency in managing workplace violence.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was threefold: to explore the causal attributions of breast cancer, examine underlying factors of the attributes, and determine their relationship to quality of life among Korean breast cancer survivors. Methods: The study used a descriptive correlational design, which included quantitative survey questionnaires and an open-ended question to complement the study. Three hundred and three breast cancer survivors were recruited from two university hospitals in South Korea, between January and April 2018. The causal attributions were explored using the Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised and an open-ended question. The survivors' quality of life was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for Breast Cancer. The quantitative analysis was performed using the SPSS 25.0 software package; the ATLAS.ti 8 software was used for thematic analysis. Results: Quantitative and qualitative data of 321 and 238 breast cancer survivors, respectively, were analyzed. “Stress and worry” and “diet or eating habits” were believed to be the two most likely causes of breast cancer. Eleven new causal attributes emerged from the analysis. Being diagnosed with breast cancer at an older age (p < .05), having received chemotherapy (p < .05), and holding nonbehavioral causal attributes (p < .001), were significantly related to lower quality of life. Conclusion There were differences between the survivors' beliefs on their causes of disease, and causal factors available from the literature. As the survivors' causal attributes were significantly related to their quality of life, healthcare providers should individually assess and incorporate these attributes into their care.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was threefold: to explore the causal attributions of breast cancer, examine underlying factors of the attributes, and determine their relationship to quality of life among Korean breast cancer survivors. Methods: The study used a descriptive correlational design, which included quantitative survey questionnaires and an open-ended question to complement the study. Three hundred and three breast cancer survivors were recruited from two university hospitals in South Korea, between January and April 2018. The causal attributions were explored using the Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised and an open-ended question. The survivors' quality of life was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for Breast Cancer. The quantitative analysis was performed using the SPSS 25.0 software package; the ATLAS.ti 8 software was used for thematic analysis. Results: Quantitative and qualitative data of 321 and 238 breast cancer survivors, respectively, were analyzed. “Stress and worry” and “diet or eating habits” were believed to be the two most likely causes of breast cancer. Eleven new causal attributes emerged from the analysis. Being diagnosed with breast cancer at an older age (p < .05), having received chemotherapy (p < .05), and holding nonbehavioral causal attributes (p < .001), were significantly related to lower quality of life. Conclusion There were differences between the survivors' beliefs on their causes of disease, and causal factors available from the literature. As the survivors' causal attributes were significantly related to their quality of life, healthcare providers should individually assess and incorporate these attributes into their care.