Objective To analyze the biochemical effect of cryosugery on residual bronchial tissue and the adjacent organs in dogs. Methods Bronchial stumps of 18 dogs after lobectomy and the adjacent tissues and organs(including 4 samples of esophagi, 3 diaphragms, 3 stomachs, 2 livers, 7 tracheae and 3 superior saphenous vein sinuses) of 22 dogs after thoracectomy were frozen. The observation from 1～212 d was conducted after surgery. Results Cryonecrosis and fibrosis were found in all 18 samples of the frozen bronchial stumps, but no fistula of bronchial stump was found. Three cryodamaged esophagi in 4 dogs developed fine sheet of fibrous membrane like scars in the situs of cryosurgery. Perforation was found in 2 dogs, one in the esophagus, another in stomach. No perforation was found in dogs with diaphragm cryosurgery. Cartilaginous ring disappeared in 7 dogs by cryosurgery of the trachea and a membrane like scar developed in the inner wall of trachea. There were yellow scars on the liver after cryosurgery. Conclusion Exfoliation of the necrotic tissues is slow due to the slowly developed cryonecrosis and good tolerance to cryosurgery of the fibrotic tissues. The original construction disappears but fibrosis develops. At the edge of cryo necrotic area, proliferation of capillary can be found.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and superiority of enteral-intestinal nutrition after opera- tion of replacement of esophagus with stomach.Methods 62 elderly patients with cancer of esophageal were radom- ly divided into early enteral-intestinal nutrition(EEN) group and total parenteral nutrition(TPN) group,the average cost of hospitalization,recovery situation,postoperative bodyweight,liver function,nutritional status were compared between the two groups.Results The average cost in the early enteral-intestinal nutrition group was less than that in the parenteral nutrition group,the bodyweight in two group were declined and the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were increased after operation,the level of transferring ferroprotein was lower in TPN group after operation than that in the EEN group(P

Objective To study the status of coincidence of high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)test and thinprep cytolo-gy test with biopsy histopathologic diagnosis.And to investigate the value of combined detection in the diagnosis of the cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.Methods High-risk HPV test and thinprep cytology test were taken simultaneously in 1374 pa-tients visiting department of gynecological oncology.The diagnostic value of combination assay of these indices was evaluated.Re-sults In 684 patients with ASCUS pathology diagnosis,inflammation accounted for 5 1.3% and CINⅠ accounted for 47.4%.A-mong the 375 patients with LSIL pathology diagnosis,CINⅠ accounted for 48.5% and CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ accounted for 21.3%.Among the 294 patients with HSIL pathological diagnosis,CIN accounted for 24.5%,and CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ accounted for 62.9%.Among 20 pa-tients with SCC pathology diagnosis,CIN Ⅱ - Ⅲ accounted for 20% and cervical cancer accounted for 80%.Statistical analysis showed the difference of diagnostic results between thinprep cytology test and histopathologic diagnosis was statistically significant (P <0.05).The positive rate of high-risk HPV was 74.3%,and the negative rate was 25.7%.The positive rate of high-risk HPV significantly increased along with the rise of pathological level.The difference of pathologic diagnosis results between high-risk HPV positive group and negative group was statistically significant (P <0.05).When thinprep cytology test combined with high-risk HPV test,its sensitivity was 76.5%,and the specificity was 80.3%.The difference of the sensitivity between joint detection and thinprep cytology test was statistically significant (P <0.05).The difference of the specificity between joint detection and high-risk HPV test was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion Combined thinprep cytology test and high-risk HPV test will improve the detection rate of cervical lesions and it is an ideal method to screen for cervical cancer.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Heart Failure

Objective To conduct targeted surveillance of nosocomial infections in intensive care units(ICU)to provide reference for comprehensive infection control . Methods All the 374 patients treated in ICU in 2013 were investigated by targeted surveillance methods .Results A total of 82 episodes of nosocomial infections were identified in 62 (16 .6% )of the 374 patients . The cumulative hospital stay was 2 724 days .The infection incidence per patient‐day was 22 .8‰ .The infection in ICU was primarily pneumonia (75 .6% ,including 39 ventilator‐associated pneumonia) ,bloodstream infections (including 6 central line‐associated bloodstream infections ) and catheter‐associated urinary tract infections . The incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia ,central line‐associated bloodstream infection and catheter‐associated urinary tract infection was 33 .3‰ ,2 .8‰ , 2 .3‰ patient‐day ,respectively .Overall ,74 strains of pathogens were isolated ,of which 93 .2% ,5 .4% and 1 .4% were gram‐negative bacilli ,gram‐positive cocci and fungi ,respectively .The top three gram‐negative bacilli were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(25 .7% ),Klebsiellapneumoniae(14 .9% ),and Acinetobacterbaumannii(10 .8% ).Conclusions Theincidenceof nosocomial infection was 16 .6 % in ICU patients ,of which device‐related infection accounted for 62 .2 % .Control of equipment‐related infections is critical for curbing the nosocomial infections in ICU . The antimicrobial regimens for ICU patients should cover gram‐negative bacilli .

Objective To evaluate and analyze the effects between with modified Forsus appliance and activator in the treatment of class Ⅱ madibular retrusion.Methods 70 children with class Ⅱ malocclusion and mandibular retrusion were selected and divided into two groups:35 patients treated with this modified Forsus appliance (group A) and other 35 treated with activator (group B).Cephalometric radiographs were taken and analyzed at the pre-treatment time (T0) and the post-treatment time (T1) with the Pancherz analysis.Results The course of treatment was obviously different:the course of group A was (21.4±2.0) months,and group B was (27.3±2.5) months; the treatment course of group A was shorter than that of group B.After treatment,profiles of the two groups were obviously improved.The trends were similar in overjet and the molar relationship,SNB and ANB,with significant differences.But there was no significant difference between the results of the two groups.The change of occlusal plane was notably in group B.Conclusions Both the modified Forsus appliance and activator appliance combined with straight wire appliance can effectively stimulate the mandibular growth,balance the jaw relationship,and correct the class Ⅱ mandibular retrusion.But the modified Forsus appliance can effectively treat the class Ⅱ patients with the shorter course.And the same time,it can take effect continually without depending on the coordination of the patients.

The mode of long-chain alkane uptake by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CGMCC 1.1785) was studied. P. aeruginosa 1.1785 is capable of using solid long-chain alkane as sole carbon source and producing surface active compound as metabolite. The mass transfer limitation in uptake of alkane was confirmed from the observation that interfacial area of eicosane with water dominates the growth rate of this strain. The enhancement of eicosane uptake by rhamnolipid was mainly caused by increase of interfacial area, since the pseudosolubilized alkane can not support the growth of P. aeruginosa 1.1785. Cell surface hydrophobicity was increased dramatically at the initial phase of growth and followed by a gradual decrease, which indicates that different modes are employed by P. aeruginosa 1.1785 at different growth phase. Therefore, the surfactant mediated mode can be negligible in the uptake process, while the directly attachment mode may not work throughout the growth of P. aeruginosa 1.1785. We proposed a novel uptake mode, in which the chemotaxis of this strain plays an important role.

0.05) . The sensory block reached T7 in levobupivacaine group and T6 in bupivacaine group respectively. The motor blocked was somewhat more intense in bupivacaine group. Conclusion The efficacy and safety of epidural anesthesia with levobupivacaine and bupivacaine are comparable.

Objective To compare the effect of ropivacaine mesylate with ropivacaine HC1 for patient-controlled epidural analgesia ( PCEA) after transabdominal hysterectomy. Methods Forty-four ASA 1 or D patients aged 18-65 yrs weighing 45-80 kg undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy performed under epidural anesthesia with either 0.75% ropivacaine HO (control group, n = 22) or 0.894% ropivacaine mesylate (study group, n= 22) . An epidural catheter was placed at L2,3 and advanced 3 cm into the epidural space. After operation PCEA was performed with 0.2% ropivacaine HCl ( control group) or 0.237 % ropivacaine mesylate (study group) respectively. Postoperative pain was assessed using VAS (0-10, 0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain) . Motor blockade was assessed using the Bromage scoring system. The patients' satisfaction level and adverse events were also recorded. Results There were no significant differences in VAS scores, motor blockade and incidence of adverse events between the two groups. The number of effective pressing in study group was significantly less than that in control group. Starting from 4h after operation the drug consumption in study group was significantly less than that in control group. Conclusion 0.237 % ropivacaine mesylate can be used for PCEA after transabdominal hysterectomy as safely as 0.2% ropivacaine HCl.

Every stage of tumor initiation and development closely relates to immune regulation as tumor cells tend to evade attacks from immune system by employing the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) interaction.Therefore,targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has become an attractive approach for cancer immunotherapy.Radiotherapy has long been considered a local tumor treatment modality and it is immune-inhibitory.However,accumulated evidence has shown that radiotherapy might enhance immune function by eliminating the tumor mass and has become a systemic tumor treatment modality.These observations indicate a strong rationale that the radiotherapy and anti-PD1 and anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy may work synergistically to provide a powerful anti-tumor effect.This review discusses current progresses,challenges and perspectives of this novel combination treatment modality.