Superficial temporal fascia,which has various names,such as temporal fascia,temporoparietal fascia,epicranial aponeurosis and galeal extension,has been used to define the fascial layers of the temporal region.All these different names reflect an anatomical feature of the related fascia.This region exists superficial temporal vessels,the temporal branch of the facial nerve and the auriculotemporal nerve,so is very important in otoplasty.This paper reviews the progress of superficial temporal fascia application in otoplasty.

Neovascular glaucoma is a rare and severe complication of hypoperfusion retinopathy.The appearance of hypoperfu- sion retinopathy complicating neovascular glaucoma in ophthalmolscopy and fundus fluorescein angiography shows a special feature. Neovascular glaucoma occurs when new fibrovascular tissues proliferate onto the chamber angle and obstruct the trabecular meshwork. The stenosis or occlusion of internal carotid artery is the most common reason of hypoperfusion retinopathy in elder people.Early recog- nition and treatment of patients with carotid occlusive diseases may prevent more serious complications.

Objectives To investigate the proliferation and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells(SMCs) after implantation of NiTi radioactive stents. Methods Radioactive and nonradioactive stents were implanted in abdominal aortas of 76 rabbits.The proliferation and apoptosis of SMCs were observed using immunohistochemistry and TUNEL.Results (1) Neointima areas on radioactive stents were less than those on nonradioacvtive stents at 1-month and 3-month respectively (P0 05).(2)The expressions of PCNA were lower in radioactive stent groups at different times compared with those of controls(P0.05).Conclusions (1) Radioactive stents can reduce the neointima areas on the implanted stents.(2)Radioactive stents can inhibit the proliferation of SMCs.(3)Radioactive stents promote the apoptosis of SMCs.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a rapid molecular identification method for Polygonatum filipe species. METHODS: Polymorphism analysis on DNA of P. filipe and P. cyrtonema was performed by using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular markers. Differential ISSR and SRAP bands between the two species were sequenced and species-specific sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers were designed for the identification of P. filipe and P. cyrtonema. RESULTS: Under respective optimal annealing temperature, three pairs of SCAR primers can specifically amplify three fragments of 150, 354 and 518 bp only from P. filipe, respectively, not from P. cyrtonema. The SCAR-PCR test was simple and convinent to operate, and reproducible. The molecular identification technology based on SCAR markers was further validated by testing 8 samples of Polygonatum tubes sold in market. CONCLUSION: SCAR molecular technology developed in this study can be used for the assistant identification of P. filipe species.

Child ; Developmental Disabilities ; Ethics, Medical ; Fertilization in Vitro ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome

Background It has not been reported that if the visual cortex M receptor changed during the development of myopia and how it changed if given acupuncture treatment.Objective The aim of this study was to observe the effect of electroacupuncture stimulation on the expression of acetylcholine receptors M1 (AchRM1) in visual cortex of guinea with lens-induced myopia (LIM).Methods Forty-eight three-week-old healthy guinea pigs were randomized into the normal control group,the LIM model group and the LIM electroacupuncture group.The right eyes of the guinea pigs were selected as the experimental eyes.LIM was created by monocularly wearing of-10 D lens for 4 weeks in the right eyes in the LIM model group and LIM electroacupuncture group,and then the acupuncture at the temple and hegu point was performed for 30 minutes per day for consequent 4 weeks,in the LIM electroacupuncture group.The fellow eyes of the guinea pigs were used as the self-control eyes.The refractive power and axial length were examined with retinoscopy and A-type sonography before and 4 weeks after modeling,respectively.The animals were sacrificed by excessive anesthesia at the fourth week after acupuncture and visual vertex tissue was obtained.The expression of M1 receptor mRNA in visual vertex was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the content of M1 receptor protein in visual vertex was assyed by ELISA.The study protocal was approved by Animal Ethic Committee of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and the use and care complied with Statement of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results At the fourth week after modeling,the mean diopters were (-3.24±0.28) D and (-3.30±0.45) D in the LIM model group and the LIM eleetroacupuncture group,which were significantly higher than (0.83 ±0.86)D in the normal control group (both at P=0.000),and there was no significant difference in the diopter between the LIM model group and the LIM electroacupuncture group (t =0.200,P =0.659).The mean axial lengths were (8.67 ±0.14) mm and (8.60±0.06) mm in the LIM model group and the LIM electroacupuncture group,which were considerably increased in comparison with (8.33±0.08)mm in the normal control group (both at P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of AchRM1 mRNA in visual cortex were 0.79±0.18,1.36±0.23 and 1.13±0.13 in the normal control group,LIM model group and LIM electroacupuncture group,and the relative expression level of AchRM1 mRNA in the LIM electroacupuncture group was significantly higher than that of the normal control group and lower than that of the LIM model group (both at P＜0.05).In addition,the contents of AchRM1 receptor protein in the visual cortex were 248.00±33.31,455.17±42.40 and 396.17±47.57 in the normal control group,LIM model group and the LIM electroacupuncture group,with a similar pattern among the groups (both at P＜0.05).Conclusions A electroacupuncture stimmulation do not affect the myopic diopter and axial length in LIM model.The AchRM1 and AchRM1 receptor in the visual cortex up-regulate in LIM eyes,infering that electroacupuncture stimmulation can improve vision by decreasing the level of AchRM1 receptor in visual cortex in LIM eyes in guinea pigs.

Objective To investigate the effects of brain ischemic preconditioning (BIP) on peripheral blood EPCs and neovascularization in ischemic brain tissue in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods One hundred and eight male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:SO group (n=36), MCAO group (n=36) and BIP group (n=36). Neurological function assessment was conducted at 0 h before MCAO-reperfusion, 3 h, 24 h and 3 d, 5 d as well as 7 d after MCAO-reperfusion (n=6 for each group in each time point). Flow cytometry was used to calculate the number of EPCs. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the capillary density. Results ①Although neurologi?cal deficit scores were significantly decreased in both BIP and MCAO groups after 3 h following MCAO-reperfusion, the scores were much lower in BIP group than in MCAO group(5 d:1.00±0.63;7 d:1.00±0.63, P<0.05).②The numbers of EPCs were decreased in MCAO group while was increased in BIP group at 3 h after MCAO-reperfusion. The numbers of EPCs were significantly higher in BIP group than in MCAO group(24 h:0.58±0.07;3 d:0.80±0.10;5 d:0.68±0.05;7 d:0.52 ± 0.03, P<0.01). ③ The new blood vessels could be detected at 3 d in BIP group and 5 d in MCAO group after MCAO-reperfusion. The numbers of new blood vessels were significantly higher in BIP group than MCAO group(5 d:14.53 ± 3.44; 7 d: 41.40 ± 5.62, P<0.01). ④ Pearson analysis showed a positive correlation between EPCs and capillary density (5 d: r=0.855, P<0.01; 7 d: r=0.946, P<0.01). Conclusion BIP can improve EPCs mobilization and function, which may contribute to neovascularization in the ischemic brain tissue.

Objective:To research the rule of melatonin nasal absorption.Methods: The stability of melatonin in rat nasal wash was studied, after that the in situ rat nasal recirculation methods were used as experimental animal model to study the rule of melatonin nasal absorption.Results:Melatonin was stable in rat nasal wash, its absorption in nasal cavity accorded with first order kinetic equation. The absorption rate constants did not vary with melatonin concentrations.Conclusion:The mechanism of melatonin nasal absorption is passive diffusion, the average absorption rate constant is 1.054?10 -2 min -1 .

Objective To compare the effect of 5-fluorouridine(5-FUR) prodrug liposome on the cell proliferation and apoptosis in HEP-2 cells.Methods MTT assay was used to investigate the cell proliferation after 5-FU or 5-FUR prodrug liposome at the dose of 3.0,0.6,0.12 or 0.024 ?g/ml was added into the culture medium of HEP-2 cells for 72 h.Flow cytometry(FCM) was used to measure the cell cycle when the cells were treated with 0.17 ?g/ml 5-FU or 0.05 ?g/ml 5-FUR prodrug liposome for 72 h.The apoptosis of cells treated with 0.05 ?g/ml 5-FU or 5-FUR for 48 h were assayed with FCM.Results The IC50 of 5-FU on HEP-2 cells was 300% higher when compared with 5-FUR prodrug liposome.Treated with 5-FU and 5-FUR prodrug liposome respectively,HEP-2 cell lines were both arrested at S stage.the apoptosis rate of HEP-2 were(10.35?1.33)% and(21.57?0.11)% respectively.Conclusion Compared with 5-FU,5-FUR prodrug liposome inhibits the cell proliferation of HEP-2 cells more significantly,arrests more cells at S phase,and improves cell apoptosis.

Objective To analyze the effects of puerperium pelvic floor muscle training on pelvic floor muscle strength and its clinical significance. Methods One hundred postpartum women were included, with full-term singleton pregnancies and with complete follow-up records from Obstetrics Department of Peking University First Hospital between March 1, 2013 and October 31, 2013. Women with vaginal birth and cesarean birth commenced pelvic floor muscle training twice a day from 24 and 72 h after delivery, respectively. According to the different training frequencies, the subjects were divided into three groups: never-training group, occasional-training group (<6 times per week) and regular-training group (≥6 times per week). All patients received pelvic floor muscle strength measurement 6-8 weeks after parturition. And the strength of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ pelvic floor muscle fiber was divided into 0, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴgrade. The abnormal strength of typeⅠand typeⅡpelvic floor muscle fiber standed for the grades lower thanⅢ. We compared the general conditions, delivery modes and abnormal ratio of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ pelvic floor muscle fiber among the three groups, analyzed the relativity between the level of pelvic floor muscle fiber strength and pelvic floor muscle training frequency, and analyzed the influential factors of pelvic floor muscle fiber strength. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, rank-sum test, Pearson χ2 test, Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test, Nemenyi test, Spearman rank correlation analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results There was no statistical difference in age, gestation at delivery, parity, body mass index before delivery, neonatal birth weight and delivery mode among the never-training group (21 cases), occasional-training group (30 cases) and regular-training group (49 cases) (all P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference in labor time of first, second and total stage and episiotomy rate among the vaginal birth cases of the three groups. The abnormal ratio of type Ⅰ muscle fiber strength among the three groups was 100% (21/21), 77% (23/30) and 6% (3/49), respectively, while that of type Ⅱ muscle fiber strength was 100% (21/21), 53% (16/30) and 20% (10/49), respectively. And there were significant statistical differences among the three groups (F=119.16 and 77.84, both P<0.01). Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that the level of typeⅠand typeⅡmuscle fiber strength had a significant positive correlation with pelvic floor muscle training frequency (r=0.88 and 0.79, both P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that pelvic floor muscle training was an influential factor for pelvic floor muscle strength level (95%CI:0.000-0.193, P<0.01). Conclusions Puerperium pelvic floor muscle training can help enhance the tension force of pelvic floor muscle, might benefiting the postpartum recovery of pelvic floor muscle function.