Nesfatin-1, discovered in 2006 by Oh-I as an 82-ami-no-acid peptide derived from the precursor protein nucleobindin2 (NUCB2), has been identified to play an important role in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. Recently, it has also been found that Nesfatin-1 might be associated with the pathogenesis of depression. This article reviewed the advances in related studies on Nesfatin-1 at home and abroad, which should throw light in expliciting the physiological function of Nesfatin-1 and understanding the neurobiological mechanism of depression.

Anhedonia, or markedly diminished interest or pleas-ure, is a hallmark symptom of depression.As a psychopathological symptom, anhedonia was first noted in the early 19th century.The neurobiological mechanisms that underline anhedonia and its role in diagnosing depression disorder or evaluating antidepressant response have long been aroused attention for nearly a century.Consequently, there are many measuring methods established in both the animal study and human research, which would be reviewed in the present study.

Aim To develop a sensitive,specific and accurate method for quantifying a novel derivate of all-trans-retinoic acid, 4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl retinate (ATPR)in rat tissues to investigate the tissue distribution of ATPR in rats.Methods Sprague-Daw-ley (SD)rats were killed by exsanguination at 2,4,7 h after a single intragastric administration with one dose of ATPR (20 mg·kg-1 )or at 5 min,1 h,5 h after a single intravenous administration with one dose of AT-PR (7 mg·kg-1 ).The concentration of ATPR in the tissues was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)method.Results After the rats were administrated intragastrically, the highest concentration of ATPR was observed in intestine,fol-lowed by liver,spleen and lung,while the distribution in heart,kidney,fat and brain was very little.Howev-er,the highest concentration of ATPR was in liver after given intravenously,followed by spleen and lung,and very low in heart,kidney,intestines,fat and brain. Conclusion The distribution of ATPR is higher in liv-er after administrated both intragastrically and intrave-nously,suggesting the potential anti-proliferation and differentiation inducing effects of ATPR targeting at liv-er cancer.

Objective To understand the prevalence and influential factors of allergic diseases among infants aged 6-24 months in Enshi prefecture to provide the basis for the prevention of the allergic disease in infants and young children .Methods 1 724 in-fants were extracted by using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling and the data including the demographic characteristics ,family condition ,caregiver condition and behavior ,and allergic disease information were collected by the questionnaire survey .The multiva-riate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the influential factors of allergic diseases .Results Among the investiga-ted infants and young children ,the prevalence of allergic diseases was 11 .83% ,which was dominated by eczema with the prevalence of 7 .54% ,followed by allergic asthma (1 .97% ) .The univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that allergic diseases were as-sociated with the nationality (χ2 =17 .865 ,P=0 .000) ,month age(χ2 =9 .420 ,P=0 .009) ,feeding patterns(χ2 =6 .304 ,P=0 .043) and ,time for adding solid food(χ2 =12 .695 ,P=0 .002) and family income(χ2 =9 .259 ,P =0 .010) .The multivariate Logistic re-gression analysis showed that the ethnic minority [OR95% CI:1 .86(1 .27~2 .73) ,P=0 .001]and artificial feeding [OR95% CI:1 .17 (1 .01~2 .82) ,P=0 .045]had the higher risk for suffering from allergic diseases ,the month age between 18 to 24 months[OR95%CI:0 .57(0 .39~0 .84) ,P=0 .005]and the family income>30 000 yuan each year [OR95% CI:0 .64(0 .43~0 .96) ,P=0 .030]were negatively correlated with the allergic diseases in infants and young children .Conclusion The prevalence of allergic diseases among infants and young children aged 6-24 months in Enshi prefecture is relatively higher and the infants of ethnic minority ,low month age ,artificial feeding and lower family income have the higher risk of allergic diseases .

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of the imbalance between regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper 17 cells (Th17) in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.MethodsThe serum concentration of Treg/Th17 differentiation-related cytokines in 34 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),20 patients with HBV related acute on chronic liver failure (ACHBLF),and 20 healthy controls (NC) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and proportion of peripheral Th17 and Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.Numeration data was analyzed by Fisher's exact propability method and measurement data was tested by one-factor analysis of variance or Turkey multiple comparison.Results The levels of Th17 differentiation-related cytokines,II-1β (3.97±2.85) pg/mL,IL-6 (12.75±-8.87) pg/mL,and IL-21 (360.0±335.7) pg/ mL in patients with ACHBLF were significantly increased than those in NC,which were (1.87 ±0.94) pg/mL(q=4.559,P＜0.01),(5.28±0.72) pg/mL(q=7.309,P＜0.01) and (46.68±20.17) pg/mL(q=6.946,P＜0.01 ),respectively.The proportion of Th17 increased markedly in patients with ACHBLF than that in NC(q=3.972,P＜0.05).However,compared to NC and patients with ACHBLF,the Treg differentiation-related cytokine,TGF-β,in patients with CHB,increased significantly (q=4.536 and 5.323,respectively; both P＜0.01).And the population of Treg also increased markedly in CHB patients.The level of IL-17A which was the characteristic effector cytokine of Th17 was the highest in patients with ACHBLF.The peripheral Th17 cell proportion was positively correlated with the level of serum total bilirubin in patients with ACHBLF (γ=0.74,P＜0.01).Conclusions Th17 and Treg imbalance including cytokine profiles and cell numbers exists in patients with chronic HBV infection.The Th17 are active in patients with ACHBLF and Treg are active in patients with CHB.

AIM:To investigate the effect of vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1 (VDUP1) gene over-expression/knockdown on the proliferation and migration of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and its related mechanisms.METHODS:Gene over-expression/interference techniques were used to up-regulate/down-regulate the expression of VDUP1 in the MCF-7 cells.The mRNA expression of VDUP1 was detected by qPCR.CCK-8, BrdU and Transwell assays were used to measure the cell viability, proliferation and migration, respectively.The protein levels of Akt, p-Akt, GSK3β and p-GSK3β were determined by Western blot.RESULTS:The mRNA expression of VDUP1 was up-regulated after transfection with VDUP1 over-expression plasmid (P<0.05), and down-regulated after transfection with VDUP1 siRNA (P<0.05).Over-expression of VDUP1 significantly inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation and migration (P<0.05), while knockdown of VDUP1 enhanced cell proliferation and migration (P<0.05).Furthermore, over-expression of VDUP1 up-regulated the protein levels of p-Akt and p-GSK3β (P<0.05).Inverse results were obtained after knockdown of VDUP1.CONCLUSION:The viability and migration ability of MCF-7 cells are inhibited by over-expression of VDUP1 but enhanced by VDUP1 knockdown, which may be related with Akt/GSK3β pathway.

Objective To research and analyze serological and virological epidemiology charactererization of occult hepatitis B virus infection in Jiaxing volunteer blood donors.Methods 52 698 samples were screened by ELISA(HBsAg、antiHCV 、anti-HIV、anti-TP) and Nucleic acid amplification technique(NAT),then NAT positive samples were further identified to detect virus type.HBsAg-/HBV-DNA+ samples were collected in three different kinds of qualitative HBsAg detection of ELISA kit.The quantitative determination of HBsAg and anti-HBs were used by chemiluminescencemethod.At the same time,real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (QPCR) was used to measure the viral load of HBV.Further analysis and study on the serological and virological distribution of OBI combined with five markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV),with tracing general epidemiological data (sex,age and age).Results The prevalence rate of OBI was 0.89‰ (1 ∶ 1 121) in all donors with OBI infection,and 2 cases of window period (WP) were found in 52698 donors (1 ∶ 26 349).The results of HBsAg and HBeAg were negative in 49 HBsAg-/HBV-DNA+ samples,and 6OBI serological profiles were found.Anti-HBs quantitative concentration(＞100 mIU/mL)accounted for 27.66％ (13/47),while anti-HBc+ positive rate was 91.49％ (43/47).HBV-DNA nucleic acid quantitative ranged from 4.10 to 1.82× 103(IU/mL) (median of 15.83),whereas HBsAg+/HBV-DNA+positive viral load was in the range of 61.47 to 1.28× 104(IU/mL) (median of 538.15).The difference was significant in viral load between experiment group and control group(P＜0.05).Male donors of more than 40 years were higher in prevalence rate of OBI infection (P＜0.05),meanwhile there was a significant difference in OBI infection rate between repeated blood donors and fnrst blood donors(0.01＜P＜0.05).Conclusion The viral load was low in OBI infected donors,and anti-HBc+ was the main manifestation.NAT had the ability to detect OBI,shorten the window period,and contributed to ensure the safety of clinical blood.

With the development of business of manned spaceflight, the body damage of astronauts on the space en-vironment has received growing concern. Weight loss is the most important cause of various diseases, and the weightlessness muscle atrophy is one of urgent problems to be solved in aerospace medicine. Although there is no concept of weightlessness or weightlessness muscle atrophy in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), TCM can grasp the pathogenesis of complex diseases, and provide important theoretical references for the prevention and management of weightlessness diseases, especially weightlessness muscle atrophy. In this paper, TCM Cognition of weightlessness and the pathogenesis of weightlessness muscle atrophy was studied by the sight of TCM theory of qi hoisting. The discussion was made from aspects of circulation of qi and blood, zang-fu function. This work is wished to be beneficial to apply the TCM theory in aerospace medicine.

Objective To explore the prevalence and influential factors of chronic respiratory system diseases among resi-dents over 1 5 years old in Hubei province and provide evidence for disease prevention.Methods During October to November in 2013,through stratified cluster sampling,we sampled 20 cities or counties.The survey included the the general condition of family, individual,chronic diseases.Results A total of 28 563 residents answered the questionnaire and 423 of them reported chronic re-spiratory system diseases by themselves.The prevalence rate was 14.8‰.These included 229 cases with COPD(54.1%),44 cases with asthma(10.4%),35 cases with chronic pharyngolaryngitis(8.3%)and 1 1 5 cases with other chronic respiratory system disea-ses(27.2%).In urban and rural area,the prevalence rate were 13.6‰ and 1 5.7‰ respectively.Multivariate logistic analysis showed that gender,age,economic status and medical insurance are influential factors of chronic respiratory system diseases.Conclusion Prevalence rate of chronic respiratory system diseases among residents over 1 5 years old in Hubei province was slightly increased and disease control measures should be brought out.

Heat shock protein 27 ( HSP27 ) is an endogenous protein that plays an important role in a great variety of physio-logical and pathological processes. It can express a large number under body stress conditions. Recent studies have shown estro-gen upregulates the expression of HSP27 through a number of ways, playing a perfect “triple protection” role. In the early stage of atherosclerosis, estrogen induces the phosphorylation of HSP27 via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Phosphorylation of HSP27 can resist the injury of vascular endothelial cells( VECs) through an antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathway as well as the inhibition of cytochrome C. In the stage of forming foam cells, estrogen induces the expression and release of HSP27 from mac-rophages by stimulating the estrogen receptor β ( ERβ) , then HSP27 inhibits the LDL uptake and the release of proinflammato-ry cytokine by binding scavenger receptor A ( SR-A) . During the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMCs) , estrogen induces estrogen receptor α ( ERα) and protein phosphatase 2 ( PP2A) to form a complex that enhances the activity of PP2A, then it can lead to the dephosphorylation of HSP27 and finally inhibit cells proliferation and migration. In summary, the anti-atherosclerotic effect of estrogen is closely re-lated to the role of HSP27. Given the side effects of estrogen re-placement therapy( MHT) , regulating HSP27 may provide a no-vel therapy for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular dis-eases in menopausal women clinically.