Objective:To develop a questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection among physical examination population, and to verify its reliability and validity.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. Based on the theory of knowledge, attitude and practice, the first draft of the questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice of Hp infection in physical examination population was designed by means of retrospective literature research, qualitative interview, discussion in the research group. The structure and items of the questionnaire were consulted and revised by the expert consultation method (Delphi method). Through pre investigation of 186 physical examination personnel from May to June in 2021, the final version of the "knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire on Helicobacter pylori infection among physical examination population" was formed after adjustment and verification of the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Results:The questionnaire of knowledge, attitude and practice of Hp infection in physical examination population included 3 dimensions and 28 items, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 56.271%. The content validity index of each item level of the questionnaire was 0.75-1.00, and the content validity index of the total questionnaire was 0.94. The Cronbach alpha of knowledge, attitude and practice dimensions in this questionnaire were 0.862, 0.901 and 0.798 respectively. The overall Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was 0.890, and the half reliability was 0.698. The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was 0.919, and the test-retest reliability of each dimension was 0.924, 0.917 and 0.845.Conclusions:The questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and can be used to measure the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of Hp infection in physical examination population.

Embryo is regarded as a semi-allograft for carrying paternal genetic information. It can escape the attack from maternal immune system and successfully implant into the uterus, which mainly relies on the establishment of immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. The maternal-fetal interface is the basis for the connection and material exchange between the mother and fetus. The mechanisms of immune re-sponses at this interface are the key to the maintenance of normal pregnancy. Immunomodulatory molecules expressed at the maternal-fetal interface are vital for immune tolerance. Studies have shown that sialicacid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are abundantly expressed at the maternal-fetal interface and play an important role in immune regulation. Siglecs are important members of the typeⅠimmunoglobulin-like superfamily. By binding with the sialic acid residues on the side chains of glycoproteins or glycolipids, Siglecs involve in immune regulation, the activation and proliferation of immune cells and immune cell-medi-ated physiological and pathological processes. Present research on the expression of Siglecs in the maternal-fetal interface is mainly focused on Siglec-6 and Siglec-10, while other Siglecs are less studied. Siglecs, such as Siglec-6 and Siglec-10, might involve in the regulation of immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal in-terface through binding to different ligands. This article briefly reviewed the expression of Siglecs and their ligands at the maternal-fetal interface and their roles in immune tolerance.

Objective:To investigate the value of ultrasonic measurement of the ratio of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) to eyeball transverse diameter(ETD) in the diagnosis and prognosis of intracranial hypertension in patients with craniocerebral trauma.Methods:A total of 120 patients with craniocerebral trauma treated in the Xingtai General Hospital of North China Medical and Health Group from December 2021 to January 2023 were perspectively selected, and they were divided into normal intracranial pressure group (73 cases) and intracranial hypertension group (47 cases) according to the results of intracranial pressure measurements, and the intracranial hypertension group was divided into good prognosis group (20 cases) and poor prognosis group (27 cases) according to the follow-up prognosis. The efficacy of ONSD, ETD and ONSD/ETD in intracranial hypertension diagnosis and prognosis assessment were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the 6-month risk of adverse prognosis of patients, and the comparison was made by Log-rank test.Results:The levels of intracranial pressure, ONSD, ONSD/ETD in the normal intracranial pressure group were lower than those in the intracranial hypertension group: (130.73 ± 23.63) mmH 2O (1 mmH 2O = 0.009 8 kPa) vs. (270.11 ± 35.78) mmH 2O, (5.47 ± 0.29) mm vs. (5.78 ± 0.44) mm, 0.246 ± 0.018 vs. 0.263 ± 0.018, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The scores of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), intracranial pressure, ONSD, ONSD/ETD in the good prognosis group were lower than those in the poor prognosis group: (5.50 ± 1.24) scores vs. (6.41 ± 1.34) scores, (256.15 ± 30.23) mmH 2O vs. (280.44 ± 36.56) mmH 2O, (5.62 ± 0.40) mm vs. (5.90 ± 0.44) mm, 0.254 ± 0.014 vs. 0.270 ± 0.017, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of ONSD and ONSD/ETD for diagnosing intracranial hypertension in patients with craniocerebral trauma were 0.718 and 0.765, respectively, and the critical values were 5.87 mm and 0.263, respectively. The AUC of ONSD and ONSD/ETD predicting prognosis of intracranial hypertension patients was 0.677 and 0.763, respectively, and the critical values were 5.90 mm and 0.267, respectively. Grouped by the threshold of ONSD/ETD for the prognosis of intracranial hypertension (0.267), the incidence of adverse prognosis in ONSD/ETD > 0.267 group was higher than that in the ONSD/ETD≤0.267 group, there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:ONSD/ETD can be used as an index for diagnosis and prognosis of intracranial hypertension.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features,therapeutic methods,therapeutic efficacy,and prognostic characteristics of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods:We collected data from 134 older patients with AML treated at Peking University International Hospital between January 2015 and February 2023.White blood cell count,bone marrow primitive cell count,cytogen-etic and molecular characteristics,and European LeukemiaNet(ELN)risk stratification at initial diagnosis were retrospectively ana-lyzed.Patients were assigned into two groups according to treatment plan―high-intensity chemotherapy and low-dose treatment―to determine whether intensive chemotherapy would yield survival benefits during treatment and the factors affecting survival.Results:Among 36 patients treated with high-intensity chemotherapy,22(61.1%)achieved complete response(CR);among 90 treated with low-intensity therapy,46(51.1%)achieved CR;and among 19 treated with azacitidine(AZA)+ venecra(VEN),14(73.7%)achieved CR.Medi-an overall survival(OS)was 15 months for high-intensity chemotherapy and 14.5 months for low-intensity treatment(P=0.226).According to ELN risk stratification,patients in the low,medium,and high risk groups exhibited OS of 18,14,and 9 months,respectively(P=0.009).OS for high-intensity chemotherapy and low-dose therapy was 22 and 15 months in the low-risk group(P=0.745),9 and 15 months in the medium-risk group(P=0.783),and 9 and 8 months in the high-risk group(P=0.739),respectively.Patients in the intensive chemotherapy group(n=36)had an OS of 15 and 17 months(P=0.689)compared with AZA+VEN treatment(n=19).The prognosis of six patients with TP53 mutation was significantly worse than those without the mutation,and the median OS was 2 months and 14 months,respectively(P=0.004).One-and 3-year survival rates for the low-,medium-and high-risk groups were 79%,53%,and 44%,and 41%,20%,and 3%,respectively.Multivariate analysis revealed that high peripheral blood white blood cell count(P=0.034),ELN risk stratification(P=0.002),and complications(P=0.017)were correlated with OS,while treatment intensity,age,sex,and bone marrow primitive cell count were not significantly correlated with OS.Conclusions:High-intensity chemotherapy did not yield a significant survival benefit in older patients with AML;however,this result needs to be confirmed in patients at low risk.Patients with TP53 mutations had a poor prognosis.Multivariate analyses revealed that baseline mo-lecular characteristics,leukocyte count,and comorbidities were more important than treatment intensity in predicting survival among older patients with AML.