Disruption of blood supply to the femoral head and subsequent hypoxia are implicated in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH),which frequently leads to the progressive collapse of the femoral head,thus causing degenerative arthritis of the hip joint.But the pathophysiology of osteonecrosis of the femoral head has not been completely elucidated.It is accepted that steroids and alcohol intake are two most common causes of ONFH.Now many theories have been proposed to decipher the etiology and pathogenesis of ONFH,including abnormal lipid metabolism,elevated intraosseous pressure,intravascular coagulation,second collision theory,etc.The purpose of this review is to summarize the etiology and pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

[Objective]To investgate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in osteonecrosis of the femoral head during the repairing with biodegradable strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate in glucocorticoid-induced rabbits.[Method]Twenty mg/kg methylprednisolone was injected into right gluteus medius muscle at intervals of 24 hours for three times in 21 adult male Japanese white rabbits.Three rabbits were killed randomly at 2 weeks after methylpednisolone injection,both the femora and humeri were histologically examined for the presence of osteonecrosis. The remaining 18 animals with a total of 36 cylindrical 2.5?5 mm femoral head defects were created following the trapdoor procedure. Eighteen animals with femoral head bone defects were randomly divided into three groups. Group A:the defects filled with strontium-doped calcium polyphosphat,Group B:the defects filled with calcium polyphosphate and Group C:the defects filled with autologous cancellous bone alone. Roentgenographic and histological examinations were performed postoperatively. Finally,immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibodies anti-VEGF was performed.[Result]No hip joint dislocation occurred. In Group A,the results of VEGF expression had a significantly difference from those in the other groups 12 weeks after operation. Most of the biodegradable strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate was resorbed and was largely replaced by newly formed trabecular bone at 12 weeks. While in Group B,a major part of defect were repaired. New formed trabecular bone in the defect was very thin. In Group C,morsellized cancellous bone was completely surrounded by fibrous and newly formed trabecular bone. [Conclusion]VEGF expression in the defect of osteonecrosis of the femoral head during the repairing with biodegradable strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate may play a role in stimulating vascular invasion and granulation tissue formation.This may be an important step toward facilitating the resorption in the osteonecrosis,thus impooring the repairing proceduce of femoral head defect.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of arthroscopic synovectomy for tuberculous synovitis of the knee. Methods Ten patients with tuberculous synovitis received arthroscopic biopsy and synovectomy. Postoperatively, isoniazid was injected into the articular cavity, and systemic antituberculosis drugs were administrated. Results These patients received continuous passive motion (CPM) from the second postoperative day. In 9 patients, the flexion ranges of the knee were improved from 90??5? before the surgery to 120??14? after the surgery, and the extension limit of the knee, from 20??3? before the surgery to 5??1? after the surgery, with statistical significant differences ( t =6.9 and 6.3, respectively; P

Objective: Proto-oncogene Zbtb7A has been characterized as a molecular switch in the process of cancer initiation and development.Our goal is to obtain the POZ domain of the Zbtb7A protein and prepare its polyclonal antibodies.Methods: We optimized the coding sequence of the POZ domain according to the codon bias of E.coli and synthesized the sequence with two-step PCR,which was then introduced into the pET-26b(+) vector to express the protein.The recombinant protein was analyzed by 15% SDS-PAGE and the corresponding band was cut out from gel.The minced gel slice that contained the POZ domain protein was injected to immunize rabbits.The collected rabbit antiserum was purified using the saturated ammonium sulfate method in combination with protein G antibody purification,and the purified polyclonal antibodies was evaluated by Western blot.Results: The optimized sequence of the POZ domain was correctly obtained and successfully constructed into the pET-26b(+) vector.After induction,an expected protein band about 14 KD was detected on 15% SDS-PAGE,and highly purified polyclonal antibodies were obtained,which were specifically bound to human Zbtb7A.Conclusion: The obtained recombinant protein of the POZ domain and its polyclonal antibodies can be used for further studies of Zbtb7A.

Objective:To investigate the effects of 17β-Estradiol (E2) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and to evaluate the effects of MSC treated with E2 on the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DC).Methods: We first isolated and cultured MSC from the human fetal lung.The MSC were treated with E2 for 24 hours at various concentrations ( 10~(-9),10~(-8) and 10~(-7) mol/L).After cell counting,proliferation,adherent ability and immunophenotypes of MSC were detected by flowcytometry.The gene expressions of cytokine (IL-6,TGF-βand VEGF) were measured by RT-PCR.The effects of MSC treated with E2 on the maturation and function of DC were determined.Results:After treated with E2,the proliferation and adherent ability of MSC were increased,while the immunophenotypes of MSC were not affected.When MSCs co-cultured with DC,MSC could inhibit the immuophenotypes and function of DC.However,when DC co-cultured with E2-pretreated MSC,the immunophenotypes (MHC Ⅱ,CD80 and CD86) of DC had been reconstructed.After treated with the high concentration of E2 for 24 hours,MSC secreted lower level of TGF-β than that in the control group,while IL-6 and VEGF expressions were increased compared with those in the control group.Conclusion: Estrogen may alter the immuno-suppressive effects of MSC on DC via modulating the cytokine secretion of MSC.

Objective To study the effects on inhibit tumor growth and enhance immune function of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide(GLP)combined with low-dose cisplatin in tumor-bearing mice.Methods 2 × 106 Lewis cells in 0.1 mL PBS were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of healthy female BALB/c nude mice (5～6 weeks old).When the tumor volume reached 100 mm3,mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups,control group (Oral gavage of 0.5 ml PBS and intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml),GLP group (gavage once every two days,40 mg/kg GLP in 0.5 ml),cisplatin group (intraperitoneal injection once every two days,2 mg/kg cisplatin in 0.5 ml) and the combination group (such as the above dose of cisplatin and GLP).After the treatment regimen was complete,the mice were sacrificed,and the tumors were removed,photographed,weighed,and prepared for histological analysis.The immune cells in spleen and peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results GLP can effectively increase anti-tumor effect of the small dose cisplatin,improve the survival of tumor-bearing mice,promote Th cells convert to Th1 in peripheral blood,increased the expression of CD 11c + on DC cell surface (GLP group 4.59％ VS the control group 1.06％,the combined group 7.21％ VS the cisplatin group 2.8％).Conclusion GLP can improve the immune function of tumor-bearing mice,had synergistic anti-tumor growth with low dose cisplatin,moreover,reduce renal toxic effects of cisplatin.

BACKGROUND: Posterior spinal fusion is a process of bone fusion under special anatomical and biological effects, which affects by many factors. With the development of bone tissue engineering, in vitro constructed tissue engineered bioactive periosteum provides a new approach for solving this problem. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of in vitro constructed tissue engineered bioactive periosteum in treating lumbar intertransverse process fusion in rabbits. METHODS: In vitro constructed tissue engineered bioactive periosteum was implanted into lumbar intertransverse process of 24 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits. Three different materials were implanted into 3 transverse process gaps (Left L_(4,5,6), Right L_(4,5,6) of each animal. Namely, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined pig small intestine submucosa (SIS) were implanted into the right L_(4,5) of rabbits in the composite scaffold group; pure SIS was implanted into the right L_(5,6) of rabbits in the pure scaffold group; and autogeneic ilium was implanted into the left L_(5,6) of rabbits in the autogeneic ilium group. All rabbits were sacrificed at 12 weeks after operation to perform gross, imaging and histological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gross observation showed that there had no significant difference between the composite scaffold and autogeneic ilium groups, but the difference was significant compared with the pure scaffold group. lmaging observation showed that the trabeculae was formed in lumbar intertransverse of rabbits in the composite scaffold and autogeneic ilium groups, however, no bone density could be seen in the pure scaffold group. Type I collagen and osteocalcin were strong positive expressed in the composite scaffold group, which had obvious difference to the autogeneic ilium group. No positive expression could be found in the pure scaffold group. It suggested that tissue engineered bioactive periosteum constructed by BMSCs combined with SIS is a well alternative to autogenous graft materials for spinal fusion.

Objective:To explore the ameliorative effect and machanism of MSCs conditioned medium on the ovarian granulosa cells damage induced by triptolide.Methods: Cell Counting Kit 8 assay was used to examine the cell vitality of KGNs with the treatment of triptolide.The mixed enzyme digestion method were used for the isolation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs),and flow cytometry was used for the subsequent immunotype identification.MSCs conditioned medium was collected ,and Cell Counting Kit 8 assay and PI staining was used to analyse the effect of MSCs conditioned medium on the cell vitality and cell cycle distri -bution of triptolide-damaged KGN.Real-time PCR method was used to examine the expression of cell cycle related gene CDKN1A.Results:Triptolide can inhibit KGN cell growth with the inhibition of cell vitality and cell cycle of KGN.MSCs conditioned medium did not influence the proliferation and cell cycle of normal KGN , but improved the triptolide-induced vitality inhibition and extent of S-phase arrest, and inhibit the abnormal up-regulation of CDKN1A in KGN.Conclusion: MSCs conditioned medium ameliorated the KGN cell damage induced by triptolide.

Objective To investigate the ability level of institutionalized elderly people and its correlation with pension service demand.Methods Ability assessment for older adults and a self-designed questionnaire about pension service demand were used to survey the ability level and service demand of 332elderly people in 7 institutions of Yancheng city in Jiangsu province in July 2014.The influence factors of pension service demand were analyzed by the binary classification Logistic regression.Results 67.8％ (225/332),14.8％(48/332) and 15.7％(52/332) institutionalized elderly's ability level were mild,moderate and severe impairment.The impairment of ability levels of the elderly had positive impact on helping eating,bath,cleaning,medical service and other services agency and negative impact on culture and entertainment.Conclusions The ability of institutionalized elderly were poor in Yancheng city in Jiangsu Province.We should provide service according to their abilities and demand,in order to ensure the rational use of the limited resources.

Objective To investigate the muhilineage differentiation potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymM stem eels (MSCs) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Density gradient centrifugation and plastic adherence methods were used for isolation of marrow-derived MSCs.Then tIIeir differentiation potentiality to lipoblasts and osteoblasts waft tested.MSCs loading on hydroxyapatite were elnbedded in the nude mouse's subcutaneous tissues.Eight weeks later.osteogenesis was evaluated by HE staining.PPA Rγ2,LPL,Runx2/CBFA1,osteocalcin gene expression in MSCs after differentiation were examined by RT-PCR.Results The positive rates of lipoblasts stained by oil red O and optical density in SLE were decreased than in the control group[(35±7)% vs (80±5)%] (0.14±0.04 vs 0.27±0.04),and the positive rates of osteoblasts stained by Alizarin Red S in SLE were decreased than those in the control group [(35±4)% vs (45±4)%].Osteoblast differentiation in the SLE group was less than that of the contro]group.The mRNA expression of LPL (0.369±0.020 vs 0.481±0.038).Runx2/CBFA1 (0.371±0.000 vs 0.563±0.069).osteoealcin (0.819±0.023 vs 0.962±0.049) of MSCs after difierentiation in the SLE group was decreased than that of the control group.There was no significant difference in the expression of PPARγ2 mRNA between SLE and controI group (0.421±0.052 vs 0.441±0.012).Conelusion MSCs from SLE have abnormalities in osteogenie and adipogenic differentiation potential.