Objective: To analyze the changing trend of premature death of four major chronic diseases and evaluate the impact on life expectancy in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2005 to 2021, so as to provide insights into promoting the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Methods: Death data of permanent residents in Baoshan District from 2005 to 2021 were collected from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The probability of premature death due to malignant tumors, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases, and life expectancy among residents were calculated using life table method. The trends of the probabilities of premature death of four major chronic diseases were analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC). The impact on life expectancy was assessed using Arriaga decomposition method. Results: From 2005 to 2021, the probability of premature death due to four major chronic diseases in Baoshan District showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-1.010%, P<0.05). The decline was more pronounced among females compared to males (AAPC=-2.551% vs. -0.214%, both P<0.05). The life expectancy increased from 80.31 years in 2005 to 84.12 years in 2021, with an increase of 3.40 years in males and 4.32 years in females. The decrease in the probability of premature death due to malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases (AAPC=-1.518%, -1.284% and -4.666%, all P<0.05) increased the life expectancy of the population by 0.46, 0.11 and 0.02 years, contributing 12.18%, 2.90% and 0.63%, respectively. The changes in the probability of premature death due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in males decreased the life expectancy by 0.12 years, with the negative contribution coming from the 30-39 and 45-59 year-old groups. The increase in the probability of premature death due to diabetes (AAPC=3.731%, P<0.05) decreased life expectancy of the population by 0.11 years, with a contribution of -2.90%. The change in the probability of premature death due to diabetes in females increased the life expectancy by 0.04 years, with a positive contribution coming from the 65-69 year-old group; while the change in the probability of premature death due to diabetes in males reduced the life expectancy by 0.20 years, with the negative contributions coming from all age groups. Conclusions The probability of premature death due to major chronic diseases in Baoshan District declined from 2005 to 2021 and the life expectancy increased. Attention should be paid to the impacts of premature death due to diabetes and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases on life expectancy in males.

Objective: To analyze the changing trend of premature death of four major chronic diseases and evaluate the impact on life expectancy in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2005 to 2021, so as to provide insights into promoting the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Methods: Death data of permanent residents in Baoshan District from 2005 to 2021 were collected from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The probability of premature death due to malignant tumors, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases, and life expectancy among residents were calculated using life table method. The trends of the probabilities of premature death of four major chronic diseases were analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC). The impact on life expectancy was assessed using Arriaga decomposition method. Results: From 2005 to 2021, the probability of premature death due to four major chronic diseases in Baoshan District showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-1.010%, P<0.05). The decline was more pronounced among females compared to males (AAPC=-2.551% vs. -0.214%, both P<0.05). The life expectancy increased from 80.31 years in 2005 to 84.12 years in 2021, with an increase of 3.40 years in males and 4.32 years in females. The decrease in the probability of premature death due to malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases (AAPC=-1.518%, -1.284% and -4.666%, all P<0.05) increased the life expectancy of the population by 0.46, 0.11 and 0.02 years, contributing 12.18%, 2.90% and 0.63%, respectively. The changes in the probability of premature death due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in males decreased the life expectancy by 0.12 years, with the negative contribution coming from the 30-39 and 45-59 year-old groups. The increase in the probability of premature death due to diabetes (AAPC=3.731%, P<0.05) decreased life expectancy of the population by 0.11 years, with a contribution of -2.90%. The change in the probability of premature death due to diabetes in females increased the life expectancy by 0.04 years, with a positive contribution coming from the 65-69 year-old group; while the change in the probability of premature death due to diabetes in males reduced the life expectancy by 0.20 years, with the negative contributions coming from all age groups. Conclusions The probability of premature death due to major chronic diseases in Baoshan District declined from 2005 to 2021 and the life expectancy increased. Attention should be paid to the impacts of premature death due to diabetes and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases on life expectancy in males.

Objective? To?investigate?the?antimicrobial?resistance?and?beta-lactamase?production?profile?in?the?gram-negative?bacilli?isolated from urinary tract infections in the Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province during the period from 2014 to 2015. The results will provided to clinicians for better antimicrobial treatment. Methods? The?bacterial?isolates?were?identified?via?conventional?laboratory?tests?or?automatic?identification?systems?and?subjected?to?antimicrobial?susceptibility?testing?by?using?Kirby-Bauer?method.?Three-dimensional test was used to detect the enzymes conferring antimicrobial resistance. The susceptibility testing results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints issued in 2012. Results A total of 987 gram-negative strains were isolated from urinary tract infections, including E. coli (51.6%, 509/987), Enterobacter (11.0%, 109/987), P. aeruginosa (10.5%, 104/987), K. pneumoniae (9.9%, 98/987), P. mirabilis (9.3%, 92/987), C. freundii (4.7%, 46/987), and other gram-negative bacilli (2.9%, 29/987). ESBLs were produced?in?494?(50.1?%)?of?the?987?strains?of?gram?negative?bacilli.?Preliminary?screening?test?identified?243?AmpC?beta-lactamases?producing?strains,?and?135?(13.7?%)?strains?were?confirmed?by?three-dimensional?test.?Both?ESBLs?and?Amps?beta-lactamases?were?produced in 16 (1.6%) strains. The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains was 79.6% in E. coli, 34.6% in P. aeruginosa and 37.8% in K. pneumoniae?isolates.?Metallo-β-lactamase?or?KPC?beta-lactamase?was?not?identified.?The?antimicrobial?resistance?was?serious?in?gram-negative bacilli, which showed relatively low resistance rate to imipenem (0.02%), amikacin (10.6%), cefoperazone-sulbactam (23.8 %), and nitrofurantoin (25.2 %). E. coli prevalence of levofloxacin,?ciprofloxacin?resistance?respectively?were?89.8%,?91.8%. The gram-negative bacilli from urinary tract also showed various levels of resistance to cephalosporins. Conclusions The gram-negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infections are mainly E. coli. The gram-negative isolates show high level antimicrobial resistance and high prevalence of beta-lactamases. Imipenem, amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, and nitrofurantoin still have very high antibacterial activity against these isolates in vitro.

Objective:To construct Streptococcus suis type 2 Δ0948 complementary strain and verify its effect on suilysin (SLY) secretion and virulence. Methods:The SSU05_0948 gene sequence with promoter was amplified by PCR and ligated to pAT18 vector to construct complementary strain and verify its expression through Western blot. Growth curve was drawn to compare the growth of complementary strain against the wild-type strain and mutant strain in different periods. CD1 mice challenge model was used to verify whether complementary strain could restore the virulence of mutant. SLY hemolytic activity and Western blot were compared the effect of complementary strain and wild-type strain and mutant strain on SLY protein secretion at different time points.Results:The complementary strain was successfully constructed, but the expression of SSU05_0948 was lower than the wild-type strain. The growth rate of the complementary strain was significantly slower than the wild-type strain and mutant strain in the logarithmic growth phase, but the same in the platform phase. The CD1 mice challenge model showed the complementary strain could basically restore the virulence of the mutant strain. The hemolytic activity of SLY and Western blot showed that SSU05_0948 could inhibit the secretion of SLY protein in the early and middle logarithmic phase, but did not affect the secretion of SLY in the late logarithmic and platform phase, while the complementary strain could restore the secretion of SLY protein.Conclusions:The complementary strain CΔ0948 of Streptococcus suis can restore the virulence of mutant strain Δ0948, and SSU05_0948 affects the virulence of Δ0948, which provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of Streptococcus suis.

AIM:To study the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-181a in different human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, and to investigate the effect of miRNA-181a on cell function and its mechanism in human lung adenocarcinoma drug resistant cell A549/DDP.METHODS:Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-181a in BEAS-2B cells, A549 cells and A549/DDP cells.The A549/DDP cells were transfected with pGenesil-miRNA-181a eukaryotic ex-pression plasmid.At the same time, the untransfection group and negative transfection group were also set up .The expres-sion of miRNA-181a, cell viability, cell growth inhibition and apoptosis rate during cis-diamminedichloroplatinum ( DDP) treatment, cell cycle, cell invasion, the protein expression of miRNA-181a target genes bcl-2 and p53 in the A549/DDP cells were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR , MTT assay, flow cytometry, Transwell method and West-ern blot, respectivly.RESULTS:The expression of miRNA-181a in A549 cells and A549/DDP cells was significantly lower than that in BEAS-2B cells, and the lowest expression level was observed in A 549/DDP cells (P<0.05).The expression of miRNA-181a in A549/DDP cells was significantly increased after transfection with pGenesil-miRNA-181a (P<0.05).The cell viability, cell cycle and invasion ability of the A549/DDP cells were inhibited after miRNA-181a transfection (P <0.05).The cell growth inhibition rate and apoptotic rate of the A 549/DDP cells were increased (P<0.05).The expression of Bcl-2 was reduced, but the expression of P53 was increased after transfection with miRNA-181a in A549/DDP cells (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: miRNA-181a may be correlated with the development of human lung adenocarcinoma .miRNA-181a can serve as a new target for treatment of lung cancer .

Objective: To explore the impact of antibiotic exposure on human fertility, so as to provide the reference for related research on risk factors and prevention of infertility. Methods: Publications pertaining to antibiotic exposure and human fertility were retrived in CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from inception to March 2024. Two reviewers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. A qualitative analysis was performed to investigate the effect of antibiotic exposure on human fertility. Results: A total of 11 623 articles were retrieved, and 31 of them were finally included. Among them, 19 were quasi-experimental studies (4 high-quality and 15 medium-quality), 6 were observational studies (5 high-quality and 1 medium-quality), and 6 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with high risks of implementation bias and measurement bias. Sixteen quasi-experimental studies and five RCTs found that the use of sensitive antibiotics such as doxycycline for the treatment of reproductive system infections improved female pregnancy rates or male semen quality. Two quasi-experimental studies and one RCT suggested that antibiotics (such as sirolimus or sulfasalazine) used to treat other systemic diseases might cause adverse effects on the reproductive system. Four observational studies indicated that exposure to antibiotics such as sulfonamides, macrolides, and tetracyclines increased the risk of infertility or prostate cancer. Two observational studies found a dual effect of antibiotics on infertility. Conclusions Antibiotic exposure appears to have either beneficial or harmful effects on fertility, depending on the antibiotic types, doses, and indication. However, these studies have limitations such as small sample size, selection bias, and the inability to achieve randomization and blind methods. Further research with optimized designs is necessary to explore the relationship between antibiotic exposure and fertility.

Objective: To construct the mutant strain ATP binding cassette transporter SSU05_0948 of Streptococcus suis type 2 and comprehensively study its pathogenicity, and to provide useful insights for understanding the mechanism that Streptococcus suis avoid host innate immunity. Methods: The mutant strain 05ZYH33Δ0948 was constructed through homologous recombination technology. The differences between the mutant strain and the wild type strain were evaluated through bacterial adhesion, whole blood killing, mice meningitis assay, mice and piglets virulence assay. Chi-square test and t test were used. Results: Successfully constructed the mutant strain 05ZYH33Δ0948. The adhesion results showed that the adhesion rate (0.663±0.047)% of the wild strain to A549 cell was significantly higher than that of the mutant (0.246±0.074)%, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=5.267, P=0.014); the adhesion rate (16.540±2.320)% of the wild strain to Hep2 cell was significantly higher than that of the mutant (1.970±0.320)%, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=0.014, P<0.01); the adhesion rate (5.497±0.174)% of the wild strain to Hep2 cell was significantly higher than that of the mutant (1.950±0.335)%, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=0.016, P<0.01). The killing rate (32.970±3.589)% of the wild strain in whole blood is no difference with the mutant (29.560±3.737)% (χ²=1.200, P=0.133). Piglets competitive infection showed that, the competitive index at 12 h, 24 h and 36 h were 0.046±0.003, 0.107±0.003, 0.064±0.001, respectively. 12 h and 24 h was significant differences(t=15.490, P=0.041), 24 h and 36 h was significant differences(t=5.660, P=0.047), 12 h and 36 h was no differences(t=1.445, P=0.285). Conclusions Streptococcus suis type 2 ABC transporter SSU05_0948 is a new adhesion factor and virulence factor of Streptococcus suistype 2, and also a new meningitis factor, which plays important roles in Streptococcus suis against host innate immunity.

Objective To study the main types and their distribution of molecular typing of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB)in Beijing.Methods Seventy-eight non-repeated CRAB strains were isolated and collected from patients aged over 60 years in hospitals in Beijing from 2010 to 2014.The drug susceptibilities of 11 antimicrobial agents were tested by microdilution method.A modified Hodge assay was used to preliminarily screen the carbapenemases.A multiplex PCR assay was used for detection of the carbapenemases genes:OXA-23-like,OXA-24-like,OXA-51-like,OXA-58-like,IMP-1,and VIM-2 of Acinetobacter baumannii.We also detected the insertion sequence IsAbal of OXA-23-like and OXA-51-like,and the preliminary classification of homology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB)was conducted by 3LST technique.According to the drug susceptibility,carbapenemases gene typing,3LST primary screen,and hospital distribution,22 strains were selected to conduct MLST classification.Results The test of OXA enzyme gene in 78 strains of CRAB showed that all the strains(100％)carried oxa-51-like,and 74/78 strains(94.8％)carried oxa-23-like.Additionally,all products of ISAbal-oxa-23 were positive in OXA-23-like positive strains.In the examined five β-lactamase genes,74 strains(94.8％)showed positive AmpC gene;50 strains (64.1％) showed positive TEM-1 gene;5 strains (6.4％) showed positive PER-1 gene;48 strains(61.5％)showed positive genes of TEM-1 and AmpC and 3 strains showed positive genes of TEM-1,Amp C,and PER-1.By using 3LST technique for preliminary classification,we found 74 strains were in type Ⅰ of group types belonging to the European Ⅱ cloning spectrum.Of the six ST types found in MLST classification,the ST195,ST208,ST218 and ST368 belonged to the clone complex 92(CC92);the ST103 and ST500 were two newly discovered types in Chinese population.Conclusions CC92 clone cluster is the major epidemic strain of CRAB in Beijing,which belongs to the classic European Ⅱ cloning spectrum,and its insertion sequence,Abalinduced OXA-23-like carbapenemases is the major molecular of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB) in Beijing.Both AmpC and TEM-type 1 β-lactamase genes are detected to be positive in most of strains.The newly discovered two types are mainly CC103 clone complex.

Objective To construct a mutant strain of Streptococcus suis type 2 05ZYH33 express-ing ABC transporter SSU05 0946 and to study the pathogenicity of ABC transporter SSU05 0946 for better understanding the immune evasion strategies by Streptococcus suis. Methods Genome of the Streptococcus suis type 2 05ZYH33 strain was extracted and used as a template to amplify SSU05 0946 upstream and down-stream homeodomains. Chloramphenicol-resistance gene was amplified by using pSET1 plasmid as the tem-plate. These three amplified fragments were fused and integrated with the thermo-sensitive plasmid pSET4s by using overlap extension PCR. Homologous recombination method was used to construct the mutant strain 05ZYH33Δ0946. Differences between the mutant and wild type strains were evaluated through bacterial ad-hesion assay,whole blood killing assay and challenge test in mice and piglets. Results The mutant strain 05ZYH33Δ0946 was successfully constructed. Results of bacterial adhesion assay demonstrated that SSU05 0946 was not involved in the adherence of Streptococcus suis to human epithelial cells. SSU05 0946 was an ovel anti-phagocytic factor and virulence factor of Streptococcus suis. Conclusion Streptococcus suis type 2 ABC transporter SSU05 0946 is a newly discovered virulence factor of Streptococcus suis, playing an impor-tant role in the evasion of host innate immunity by Streptococcus suis.

Objective To study the mechanism of platelet aggregation induced by Streptococcus suis serotype 2 muramidase-released protein (MRP) and to provide scientific proof and theoretical basis for clinical treatment of patients with Streptococcus suis infection. Methods Nickel column affinity chromatogra-phy was used to purify recombinant proteins of MRP-N and MRP-C. Platelet aggregometer, thromboelastog-raphy (TEG) and scanning electron microscope were used to observe the platelet aggregation induced by MRP. Results Streptococcus suis 2 wild type strain,but not the mutant strain ΔMRP,could induce platelet aggregation. It was MRP-N but not MRP-C that induced platelet aggregation. GPRP,an inhibitor of β2inte-grin receptor,could significantly inhibit the platelet aggregation induced by MRP. Conclusion Streptococ-cus suis 2 MRP induces platelet aggregation through β2integrin receptor pathway.