Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with gemcitabine + cisplatin (GP) regimen in the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods:A retrospective case controlled study was conducted. The clinical data of 82 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma newly diagnosed as distant metastasis or recurrence and metastasis after radical chemoradiotherapy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology and Laibin People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among 82 patients, 45 patients receiving anlotinib combined with GP regimen were treated as the treatment group, and 37 patients receiving GP chemotherapy regimen during the same period were treated as the control group. Short-term efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and log-rank test was performed. Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the factors influencing the PFS of patients.Results:Among 82 patients, 63 were males and 19 were females, aged (48±10) years. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group [ORR: 71.11% (32/45) vs. 62.16% (23/37); DCR: 86.67% (39/45) vs. 81.08% (30/37)], while there were no statistically significant differences (all P > 0.05). The median PFS time was 23.53 months (95% CI: 17.48-29.58 months), 17.40 months (95% CI: 13.33-21.47 months), respectively in the treatment group and the control group, and the difference in PFS was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The median OS time was 34.03 months (95% CI: 29.42-38.64 months), 30.47 months (95% CI: 28.28-32.66 months), respectively in the treatment group and the control group, and the difference in OS was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). Oral anlotinib, recurrence or metastasis at initial diagnosis were independent factors influencing the PFS of patients. The main adverse effects of anrotinib were grade 1-2 anorexia, fatigue, granulocytopenia, hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, oral mucositis, and liver function damage. The incidence of grade 3-4 was low, and the adverse reactions in most patients could be controlled after symptomatic treatment and adjustment of drug dosage. Conclusions:For patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oral anlotinib targeted therapy combined with GP chemotherapy regimen can prolong the PFS time of patients. Most anlotinib-related side effects can be tolerated.Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with gemcitabine + cisplatin (GP) regimen in the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods A retrospective case controlled study was conducted. The clinical data of 82 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma newly diagnosed as distant metastasis or recurrence and metastasis after radical chemoradiotherapy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology and Laibin People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among 82 patients, 45 patients receiving anlotinib combined with GP regimen were treated as the treatment group, and 37 patients receiving GP chemotherapy regimen during the same period were treated as the control group. Short-term efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and log-rank test was performed. Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the factors influencing the PFS of patients. Results Among 82 patients, 63 were males and 19 were females, aged (48±10) years. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group [ORR: 71.11% (32/45) vs. 62.16% (23/37); DCR: 86.67% (39/45) vs. 81.08% (30/37)], while there were no statistically significant differences (all P > 0.05). The median PFS time was 23.53 months (95% CI: 17.48-29.58 months), 17.40 months (95% CI: 13.33-21.47 months), respectively in the treatment group and the control group, and the difference in PFS was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The median OS time was 34.03 months (95% CI: 29.42-38.64 months), 30.47 months (95% CI: 28.28-32.66 months), respectively in the treatment group and the control group, and the difference in OS was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). Oral anlotinib, recurrence or metastasis at initial diagnosis were independent factors influencing the PFS of patients. The main adverse effects of anrotinib were grade 1-2 anorexia, fatigue, granulocytopenia, hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, oral mucositis, and liver function damage. The incidence of grade 3-4 was low, and the adverse reactions in most patients could be controlled after symptomatic treatment and adjustment of drug dosage. Conclusions For patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oral anlotinib targeted therapy combined with GP chemotherapy regimen can prolong the PFS time of patients. Most anlotinib-related side effects can be tolerated.