Objective:To study the pathology,therapy and prevention of the chronic rejection after rat renal transplantation by establishing a simple and feasible allograft nephropathy model.Methods:We used Fisher rats as donors and Lewis rats as recipients.After the left kidney of the donors was removed,the inferiorvena of the donor was anastomosed end-to-end with the left renal vein of the recipient,and the donor's abdominal aorta was anastomosed end-to-side with that of the recipient with the unaided eyes to carry out renal allograft in prime position.The recipients were given ciclosporin oral solution10 mg/(kg.d)by gavage for 10 days after transplantation,and the pathological changes of the recipient's transplant kidney would be respectively observed after 4 weeks.Results:The renal allograft in prime position were finished within 2.5 hours,and the achievement ratio was 97.5%.The pathological changes of the transplanted kidney began to appear 4 weeks after transplantation then the chronic rejection could be seen after 12 weeks.Conclusion:This method was simple and direct-viewing,and reduced microsurgery equipment,which successfully established rat renal transplantation model of chronic allograft nephropathy.

Objective To explore the influence of up-regulated Foxp3 on Treg function and kidney transplantation chronic rejection reaction in rat model.Method The kidney transplantation chronic rejection reaction rat model was established.The F344 kidney was transplanted to Lewis rats,and retroviruses highly expressing Foxp3 were constructed.The Banff 97 hierarchical diagnostic criteria were used to diagnose chronic renal allograft nephropathy (CAN).The rat models were divided into three groups by random number table.In experimental group,the pSCV-BsdRFP-FoxP3 retroviruses were injected into the rats via the tail vein after operation.In negative control group,the pSCV-BsdRFP retroviruses were injected into the rats via the tail vein after operation.In blank group,the normal saline was injected into the rats via the tail vein after operation.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the changes of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-β (TGF-β) immediate,1,2,3,and 4 weeks after operation.The rats were killed at 4th week after operation,and kidney tissues were taken out for pathological examination.Result The pathological changes of CAN were observed at 4th week.The typical chronic rejection change was seen at 12th week.The levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were increased,and reached the peak at 3rd week.The levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in experimental group were higher than in negative control group and blank group at 1st,2nd,3rd,and 4th week.At 4th week,obviously different degrees of intimal thickening,and mild hyperplasia of interstitial fibers,glomerular sclerosis and infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells were observed in the three groups.In the experimental group,the lesions were mildest,and apparent neointimal hyperplasia was found.Conclusion pSCV-BsdRFP FoxP3 retroviruses can reduce the kidney transplantation chronic rejection reaction in rat model,and have the potential treatment effect.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects and safety of urethral anastomoses and ureteroscopy urethral realignment in the treatment of urethral straddle injury and catheter placement failure. Methods Ninety patients with urethral straddle injury and catheter placement failure were chosen and divided into A group (45 patients, choosing urethral anastomoses) and B group (45 patients, choosing ureteroscopy urethral realignment). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital staying time and peri-operation complications in both groups were compared. Results The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital staying time in B group were significantly lower than those in A group: (26.15 ± 10.41) min vs. (71.93 ± 14.50) min, (22.37 ± 7.41) ml vs. (50.70 ± 13.25) ml, (3.22 ± 0.97) d vs. (5.19 ± 1.43) d, P<0.05. After 6 months′follow-up, the clinical indicators in peri-operation period of B group were significantly better than those in A group (P<0.05). The complications incidence in B group was significantly lower than that in A group: 2.22%(1/45) vs. 13.33%(6/45), P <0.05. Conclusions The technology of ureteroscopy urethral realignment in the treatment of urethral straddle injury and catheter placement failure can efficiently shorten the operation time, reduce the degree of trauma and accelerate the rehabilitation process, and it is helpful to reduce the risk of complications in peri-operation period.

AIM To study the protective effect of curcumin (Cur) on PC12 cells damage induced by oxidative stress. METHODS Using H 2O 2-induced PC12 cells damage as the model of neuron damage induced by oxidative stress, the proliferation of PC12 cells was observed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay, the apoptosis of PC12 cells was detected by propidium iodide stain flow cytometry (FCM), the mitochondrial membrane potential (△?m) was analyzed by rhodamine123 stain FCM and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PC12 cells was analyzed by dihydrohodamine123 stain FCM. RESULTS In the presence of Cur (20 and 40 ?mol?L -1), the inhibitory rates of PC12 cells induced by H 2O 2 from 25 to 400 ?mol?L -1 and the apoptosis of PC12 cell induced by 100 and 200 ?mol?L -1 H 2O 2 for 24 h were decreased. The level of △?m was decreased significantly in PC12 cells after 100 and 200 ?mol?L -1 H 2O 2 treatment for 24 h, however, those decreases were significantly ameliorated by Cur (20 and 40 ?mol?L -1) treatment. The level of ROS was significantly increased in PC12 cells exposed to H 2O 2 (100 and 200 ?mol?L -1) for 12 h, whereas 40 ?mol?L -1 of Cur prevented the rise induced by H 2O 2. CONCLUSIONS Cur has protective effect on PC12 cells damage induced by oxidative stress and the effect might be attributed to its removal of ROS and increase of △?m level.

Objective To investigate the effects of ligustrazine (TMP) combined with salvia miltiorrhiza on the progression of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) in rats and the action mechanism.Methods Fischer 344 rats and Lewis rats were used as renal transplant recipients and donors for ortlotopic kidney transplantation. The CAN model was established.By using random number table,the kidney transplant recipients were divided into five groups:cyclosporine A (CsA) group (A),TMP + CsA group (B),Salvia + CsA group (C),TMP + Salvia + CsA group (D) and blank control group (E,receiving no treatment).At 2nd,4th,6th,8th and 12th week after operation,5 mice in each group were sacrificed,and the transplanted kidney was removed for examination of renal histopathological changes. The immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the renal allograts,and by using fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,TGF-β1 mRNA expression in the renal allograts assayed.Results In blank control group,the survival time was no more than two weeks.In group A,the CAN pathological changes occurred at 4th week postoperation,those in group B and group C occurred later than in group A,and latest in group D with mild pathological lesions.In all groups after operation,Banff scores showed an upward trend,and at the same time point,those in group A were significantly higher than groups B,C and D ( P＜0.05 and P＜0.01 ).and those in group D was significantly lower than in group B and group C (P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found between group B and group C (P＞0.05).With time over,the TGF-β1 expression intensity showed an increasing trend.At the same time point,TGF-β1 expression intensity in group A was strongest among groups A,B,C and D (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01 ),and that in group D was significantly lower than in group B and group C (P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found between group B and group C (P＞00.05).The changes of TGF-β1mRNA expression pattem in each group showed the same trends as TGF-β1 protein expression.Conclusion TMP or salvia miltiorrhiza can delay the progression of CAN in kidney transplant rats by down-regulating the TGF-β1 expression,and the combined use of them exerts synergic effects.

To investigate the nature of syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine by means of pharmacokinetic (PK) method.

Objective To investigate and find a multiple treatment to reduce the mortality of sepsis patients induced by severe surgical abdominal infection.Methods While treating to severe surgical abdominal infection,inflammatory mediator bacteria,extoxin and endotoxin,immunity,dysfunction of microcirculation,nutrition and metabolism and the function of organs should be paid more attention on and considered as a whole.We also carried out 14 concrete treating measurement.Combined high dosage of anisodaminum and dexamethason were used in sbort-term.Bring forward nourishment support according to different stage of MODS and applying it in clinic could significantly reduce the companion syndrome.Oral administration of“JIE-DU-GU-BEN-TANG”which developed by our division could regulate the imbalance of immunity and inflammatory mediator.Results There were 46 patients died in 368 patients,mortality was 12.50%. Conclusion It was difficult to treat sepsis patients induced by severe abdominal infection and our new multiple treatment could significantly reduce the mortality of severe sepsis.

Objective To get well-informed of the current status of emergency training in primary hospitals in Sichuan Province and to find weaknesses in the system in order to provide scientific basis for emergency knowledge and skills training.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method as adopted and an anonymous questionnaire survey method was conducted to investigate the basic circumstances of the current training and the training needs of 1 000 emergency medical staff in 9 regions throughout Sichuan Province.Results The scope of the survey covered emergency doctors,nurses and technicians in hospitals of Grade Ⅱ,Grade Ⅲ and below.A total of 1 000 surveys were sent out and 983 were recovered.The questionnaire completion rate was 98.3％.The respondents mainly worked for more than 10 years,most of which with Bachelor degree,junior and intermediate titles.Results of the survey showed,63.1％ Most respondents have only one or two training opportunities per year.The training methods are mainly continuing education (59.0％,580 trips),training organized within the unit (58.5％,575 trips),and training organized by health administrative units (39.3％,386 trips).The main contents of the training are:basic professional skills learning (66.7％,655 trips),basic professional theoretical study (59.2％,582 trips),and new emergency technology (42.5％,418 trips),only 32.0％ of the respondents believe that these methods meet the practical needs.The main factors that influence participation in the training were:not be arranged by employer (36.2％,356 trips);the training was different from actual work (31.6％,311 trips);no replacement for work so they couldn't join training (29.8％,293 trips).The survey showed that the most desirable way of training is:practical application (60.1％,591 trips) and the most desirable training content is:emergency first aid knowledge (73.7％,724 trips).There were significant differences in case discussion,technical observation,academic lectures,special study trainingand learning methods in hospitals of different levels (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in the choice of professional practice methods (P＞0.05),and the selection of training contents was in emergency first aid knowledge,general medical knowledge and prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.There was no statistical difference in the selection of training contents of knowledge,infectious disease knowledge and department management knowledge (P＞0.05).There were significant differences in the choice of nursing knowledge training (P＜0.05).Conclusion The current situation showed a lack of first-aid knowledge and skills training for emergency personnel in Sichuan Province.The present situation of skill training can't satisfy the need of their desire to participate in training.It is urgent to develop a standardized,systematic and scientific training mode to improve the emergency first aid ability of primary medical and emergency personnel.