Objective To observe the effect of the soft tissues injury around atlantoaxial joint on memory abilities of mice.Methods 44 mice were divided into the model group and control group with 22 animals in each group.The soft tissues around atlantoaxial joint were injured in the model group by surgery between the first and the second cervical vertebrae.The changes of learning and memory of mice were observed with step-down avoidance test,water-maze test and hole-board test;the expression of caspase-3 in hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemical staining.Results Compared with the control group,escape latency was longer and wrong times were more in water-maze test of the model group(P<0.01). In step-down avoidance test of the model group,the reaction period prolonged and wrong times increased obviously(P<0.01).In hole-board test,the latency period prolonged and the times of extending the holes decreased significantly(P<0.01).Degenerated or dead neuron in hippocampus of surgery-treated mice was found scatteredly or continuously with HE staining,the expression of caspase-3 protein was showed positive with immunohistochemical staining.Conclusion The soft tissues injury arround atlantoaxial joint can induce abnormality of the stability of cervical vertebra,which aggravated the aging process of the mice and decreased abilities of learning and memory.

Objective To investigate fracture resistance and fracture patterns of maxillary anterior endodontically treated teeth restored with two different shapes of glass fiber post systems.Methods Twenty-four human sound maxillary anterior teeth of similar size were collected,and randomly divided into 3 groups,8 teeth each.After endodontical treatment,they were given the following treatments:Group A:parallel glass fiber posts (coltene parapost fiber lux) and composite core;Group B:taper glass fiber posts (coltene parapost taper lux) and composite core; Group C (control group):intact endodontically treated teeth.Teeth in Groups A and B reserved 2 mm dentin ferrule.Then the teeth were prepared and restored with IPS e.max Press all ceramic crowns.All the teeth were embedded in acrylic resin 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ),with the silicon impression material stimulating periodontal membrane.All the specimen were loaded under a universal testing machine,at the palatal junction of incisor third and middle third,with an angle of 135 degree to the longitudinal axis of the tooth until fracture occurred,at a cross-head speed of 1.0 mm/min.Fracture loads and patterns were recorded.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Results The mean fracture loads in the three groups were as follows:(468.8±142.5) N,(440.2±202.7) N,and (459.0±147.6) N,respectively.There was no significant difference in fracture loads among groups (P＞0.05).The incidence of unfavorable fracture in Group A was higher than Groups B and C.Conclusions There is no significant difference in fracture strength between parallel and taper fiber post groups.However,the group with parallel fiber posts demonstrates a higher risk of unfavorable fracture than the group with taper fiber posts,which indicates that taper fiber posts are more favorable to preserve the remaining tooth structure.

Objective To investigate the effect of secondary transurethral electrocision for recurrent superficial bladder cancer.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with recurrent superficial bladder cancer were divided into experiment group and control group by random mechanical sampling method with 60 cases of each.Experiment group underwent secondary transurethral electrocision at 4 weeks after initial transurethral electrocision and received mitomycin bladder perfusion chemotherapy,control group patients underwent initial transurethral electrocision and received mitomycin bladder perfusion chemotherapy.The two groups' follow-up cystoscopy at 3-month intervals,the follow-up time was 6-34 (18.6 ± 6.5) months,the recurrence was compared between each other.Results Within the follow-up period,the recurrence rate in experiment group was significantly lower than that in control group [21.7％(13/60) vs.63.3％(38/60),P＜0.01].Of all the recurrent patients,high grade rumor (G2 and G3 grade) was mainly,the recurrence rate of high grade tumor in experiment group was significantly lower than that in control group [26.2％ (11/42) vs.70.0％(35/50),P ＜ 0.01].Conclusions Secondary transurethral electrocision can reduce the recurrence rate of superficial bladder cancer (especially for the high grade tumor),it can exactly make the classification of malignant tumors and find residual tumor.So it is valuable in the clinical treatment.

AIM: To investigate the role of post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML) in the enhancementof vascular permeability .METHODS: Eighteen Wistar rats were randomized into sham group , shock group,and shock plus mesenteric lymph drainage (shock +drainage) group.The rats in shock group and shock +drainagegroup were routinely subjected to hemorrhagic shock and hypotension [(40 ±2) mmHg] was maintained for 90 min, andthen the fluid resuscitation was performed.Mesenteric lymph was drained in the rats in shock +drainage group from resuscitationfinished to 6 h, for the observation of PHSML drainage on the vascular permeability in multiple tissues of hemorrhagicshock rats.Afterwards, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with the PHSML in vitro to observethe effects of PHSML on the morphology and permeability of HUVECs .RESULTS: The degree of blue color and concentrationsof Evens blue in the lung, myocardium, kidney, liver, spleen and small intestine were significantly increased inthe shocked rats than that in sham group, while the ratios of the dry weight to the wet weight were decreased .The mesentericlymph drainage reversed these changes .Meanwhile, 4% and 10% of PHSML at 0 ~3 h and 3 ~6 h after resuscitation,and lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/L) all caused the damage of HUVECs, decreased the viability and trans-endothelial electricalresistance of HUVECs, and increased the permeability of HUVECs to fluorescein isothiocyanate -labeled albumin. CONCLUSION: PHSML is a vital factor in the enhancement of vascular permeability .

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of self-made Xiaogan Tiaopi Kaiwei Decoction combined with conventional western medicine therapy in the treatment of infantile anorexia of spleen-stomach weakness.Methods:Randomized controlled trial. A total of 100 children with anorexia of spleen-stomach weakness ,who were treated in the First Clinical Medical College of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine between April 2020 and September 2021, were selected as the observation subjects in a prospective cohort study, and they were divided into two groups by the random number table method, with 50 in each group. The control group was given routine treatment, and the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) group was given self-made Xiaogan Tiaopi Kaiwei Decoction on the basis of the control group. The TCM syndromes were scored before and after treatment. The levels of trace elements such as iron, zinc and calcium were detected by atomic spectrometer, the absorptivity of D-xylose was measured by colorimetry. The adverse events during treatment were recorded. After 6 months of follow-up, the height, weight and BMI were measured and recorded, and the clinical efficacy was assessed.Results:The total response rate was 96.0% (48/50) in the TCM group and that in the control group was 84.0% (42/50) ( χ2=4.00, P=0.046). The scores of decreased appetite, anorexia, sallow complexion, abdominal fullness and distention and shortness of breath and laziness to speak and total score in the TCM group after treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=12.47, 13.42, 14.19, 16.39, 9.15, 17.72, P<0.01). The levels of blood trace elements such as iron [(414.58 ± 57.52) mg/L vs. (350.85 ± 53.33) mg/L, t=5.75 ], zinc [(8.26 ± 1.55) mg/L vs. (7.64 ± 1.37) mg/L, t=2.12 ] and calcium [(77.26 ± 15.30) mg/L vs. (71.05±14.26) mg/L, t=2.10] and urine D-xylose absorption rate [(31.76±5.28) % vs. (27.97 ± 4.61) %, t=3.82 ] in the TCM group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). During treatment, there was no serious adverse reaction in the TCM group and 1 case of nausea in the control group. There was no statistical significance in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups ( χ2=1.01, P=0.315). After follow-up, the weight in the TCM group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( t=2.17, P=0.032). Conclusion:Self-made Xiaogan Tiaopi Kaiwei Decoction combined with conventional western medicine therapy can relieve the clinical symptoms, promote the absorption of trace elements and improvement of spleen-stomach function, and enhance the long-term efficacy in the treatment of children with anorexia of spleen-stomach weakness, and it has no adverse reactions.

In order to adapt to the development of higher medical education, it is imperative to carry out a student-centered teaching reform of pathophysiology guided by the cultivation of "clinical competence". The main contents of this teaching reform of pathophysiology include: the teaching content layout has been reconstructed to promote classroom teaching with clinical manifestation, new media means such as blackboard online teaching system, WeChat public platform and Chaoxing virtual classroom have been applied to assist students in their learning, and students are encouraged to conduct literature retrieval and reading, and then make presentation PPT for a literature of interest and report to all students to cultivate students' independent learning and sustainable development ability via flipped classroom. The practice shows that the student-centered teaching reform of pathophysiology guided by the cultivation of "clinical competence" has gained successful results.

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium with strong pathogenicity. With the widespread use of antibiotics， its multi-drug resistance has gradually increased. Among them， methicillin-resistant S. aureus （MRSA） is one of the main pathogens of hospital and community infections. Antimicrobial peptides are short-chain peptides with good antibacterial effects and low drug resistance， which have been widely studied in recent years. This study summarizes the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides and related study on antimicrobial peptides against MRSA from different sources. It is found that the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides include targeting bacterial cell membranes， bacterial cells， and bacterial cell walls， etc. Besides isolating antimicrobial peptides with anti-MRSA activity from animals， plants， and microorganisms， antimicrobial peptides can also be obtained through synthetic methods. Among them， GHa-derived peptides from animal sources， Ib-AMP4 from plant sources， Ph-SA from microbial sources， the synthetic peptide LLKLLLKLL-NH2， and so on， due to their effective antibacterial activity， rapid bactericidal speed， and low toxicity， are promising candidates for anti-MRSA drugs.