Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a disease characterized by chronic,recurrent intestinal inflammation,includ-ing Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC).Etiology and pathogenesis of IBD are unknown,and the treatment is difficult.In recent years,immunocellular therapy represented by regulatory T(Treg)cell therapy and dendritic cell(DC)therapy has developed rapidly in the field of immune-related disease treatment,and some progress has also been made in the treatment of IBD.This review will introduce application and progression of Treg cell therapy and DC therapy in IBD treatment.

Objective : To identify the factors affecting microvascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), so as to provide insights into the management of microvascular complications of T2DM. Methods: T2DM patients hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology of a tertiary hospital in Weifang City, Shandong Province from January 2021 to January 2022 were enrolled, and subjects' basic information, lifestyle and medical history were collected using questionnaire surveys. Fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin were measured, and factors affecting microvascular complications were identified among T2DM patients using a multivariable logistic regression model and a decision tree model. Results: Totally 1 003 T2DM inpatients were enrolled, including 515 men (51.35%) and 488 women (48.65%), and the prevalence of microvascular complications was 40.18%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age of 60 years and older (OR=2.510, 95%CI: 1.441-4.374), T2DM duration of 10 years and longer (OR=3.205, 95%CI: 2.242-4.581), fasting insulin of lower than 3.21 μIU/mL (OR=1.749, 95%CI: 1.239-2.469), using of agents or insulin to control blood glucose (OR=1.880, 95%CI: 1.143-3.092), glycated hemoglobin level of 7% and higher (OR=1.751, 95%CI: 1.172-2.615) as factors affecting microvascular complications among T2DM patients. Decision tree analysis identified course of T2DM as a major factor affecting the risk of microvascular complications among T2DM patients, and the prevalence of microvascular complications was 70.22% among T2DM patients with disease course of 10 years and longer and fasting insulin of lower than 3.21 μIU/mL or 16.32 μIU/mL and higher, 44.23% among T2DM patients with disease course of 5 to 10 years and at ages of 60 years and older, and 43.10% among T2DM patients with disease course of less than 5 years and fasting insulin of lower than 3.21 μIU/mL. Conclusion Advanced age, long course of T2DM, low fasting insulin and high glycated hemoglobin may increase the risk of microvascular complications among T2DM patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of surface electromyography (sEMG) of the flexors and extensors of the affected fingers after manual digitorum sensory stimulation (MDSS) in the hemiplegic patients after stroke. MethodsFrom April to August, 2020, 50 stroke patients in Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University accepted MDSS on the nail beds and the third knuckles of affected fingers, until the fingers extended actively. The tension of affected flexor pollicis brevis, flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor digitorum were assessed with modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) before and immediately after stimulation; while the root mean square (RMS) of sEMG of bilateral flexor pollicis brevis, flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor digitorum were recorded. ResultsThe MAS score of all the muscles decreased after stimulation (|Z| > 2.699, P < 0.01), while the RMS of affected extensor digitorum increased (t = -2.069, P < 0.05). Compared with the unaffected ones, RMS of affected flexor pollicis brevis and extensor digitorum decreased before and after stimulation (t > 2.450, P < 0.05). ConclusionMDSS may immediately relieve the spasm of flexors of hemiplegic fingers after stroke, which associates with the promoting muscle strength of the extensors.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm, which exist in multi-vesicular bodies in the form of intraluminal vesicles. Exosomes can be secreted by a variety of immune cells. Studies have shown that exosomes might play an important role in IBD through their components, such as annexin-A1 (ANXA1), the miRNAs and lipids. As a carrier of antigen presentation, it can affect the signaling pathways related to IBD, regulate the immune response and intestinal homeostasis. This article reviewed the relationship between exosomes and IBD.

Objective Childhood asthma is closely related to MP infection.This study was to investigate the distribution of ORMDL3 and HLA-DQ gene SNP in children with MP-associated asthma and gene-gene interactions.Methods One hundred and ninety-four patients with MP infection were enrolled.Extraction of whole blood genomic DNA was carried out.The genotype was collected by Flnidigm Juno 96.96 Genotyping integrated fluid pathway system.The patients were divided into MP-asthma group and MP-non-asthma group.Gene-gene interaction was analyzed by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction.Results MP-asthma group included 63 cases (32.5％),MP-non asthma group included 131 cases (67.5％).ORMDL3 gene rs4794820 had three genotypes of AG,GG,AA.,MP-asthma group GG genotype and G allele frequency was higher than that in MP-non-asthma group.The frequency of AA genotype was the lowest among the two groups,but in the MP-non-asthma group were higher than that in the MP-asthma group.The rs7216389 had three genotypes of TT、TC、CC,the frequency of TT genotype and T allele in MP-asthma group was significantly higher than that in MP-non-asthma group.The frequency of CC genotype was the lowest among the two groups,but CC genotype in MP-non-asthma group was significantly higher than that in MP-asthma group.The rs794820 GG genotype and rs7216389 TT genotype were found to be risk factors.ORMDL3、HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQA2 have gene-gene interaction.Conclusion MP infection is an important external cause of asthma in children.The genotype of rs7794820 GG genotype and rs7216389 TT genotype are an important internal cause of asthma after childhood MP infection.ORMDL3 rs4794820,rs7216389 and HLA-DQA1 rs9272346,HLADQA2 rs7773955 have gene-gene interaction,synergistically enhance the risk of asthma associated with asthma in children with MP.

The phenomenon of sex differences exists in patients who have abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The occurrence rate of AAA is higher in male, while the rates of rupture and postoperative mortality are higher for female. This phenomenon of sex differences would affect the diagnosis, treatment and postoperative rehabilitation for AAA patients. This article reviewed the recent research status of sex differences on AAA, and explored the phenomenon of sex differences from the aspects of threshold determination, biomechanics and mechanobiology. This review points out that the sex differences on AAA could ascribe to the differences of biomechanical environment and biological properties induced by the vascular size, anatomy structure and structure components of abdominal aortic artery. The comprehensive investigations of the sex differences on AAA could help to optimize the diagnosis, treatment and device design, patient care and rehabilitation strategy of AAA based on sex differences phenomenon.

Henoch Schonlein purpura nephritis is a systemic inflammatory response of systemic vasculitis in anaphylactoid purpura,it is often occurred in childhood with systemic vasculitis reaction.Some patients will develop nephritic syndrome or nephrotic syndrome,even kidney failure,either of which is harmful to the health of children.However,a unified standard for the diagnosis and treatment of purpura nephritis is still lack.Combined with the latest research results,this research intends to review the pathogenesis,clinical diagnosis and treatment of purpura nephritis.

Objective To discuss the polymorphisms of asthma susceptibility gene ORMDL3 in infantile wheezing,in order to provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis of asthma.Methods One hundred and fifty wheezing infants were recruited and divided into 2 groups as asthma predictive index(API) positive group(n =80) and negative group (n =70).Taqman probe was applied to detect the genotypes of 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)in childhood asthma susceptibility gene ORMDL3,which were rs4794820 and rs7216389.The genotype distributions were analyzed and compared between 2 groups,and the correlations among genotype distribution and tidal breath pulmonary function,fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) concentration,percentage of eosinophils (EOS％),serum immune globulin E (total IgE) levels respectively were also analyzed,respectively.Results (1) The frequencies of rs4794820 AG and rs7216389 TC heterozygotes in the API positive group were the highest,which were significantly higher than those in the negative group(58.75％ vs.31.42％,56.25％ vs.32.86％ respectively,all P ＜0.01).The frequencies of GG and TT homozygotes in the API negative group were the highest,which were significantly higher than those in the positive group (58.57％ vs.30.00％,57.14％ vs.31.25％ respectively,all P ＜0.01).(2)The time to reach the peak expiratory flow in tidal breathing over the total expiratory time (TPTEF/TE) and the volume to reach the peak expiratory flow in tidal breathing over the total expiratory volume (VPEF/VE) of the infants in the API positive group were less than those in the API negative group(16.87 ±5.31 vs.20.12 ± 5.23,20.87 ± 5.92 vs.25.56 ± 6.77,respectively),and the FeNO concentration was higher than that in the API negative group [(22.44 ± 9.77) ppb vs.(13.23 ± 7.90)ppb],and the differences were significant (t =-3.776,-4.490,6.377,respectively;all P ＜ 0.01).(3) In the API positive group,the TPTEF/TE and VPEF/VE of the infants who expressed AG/TC genotype were lower than those who expressed GG/TT genotype (14.55 ± 4.83 vs.19.91 ± 4.17,18.85 ± 4.26 vs.25.20 ± 7.06,respectively,t =-4.727,-3.976,all P ＜ 0.01);while the FeNO concentrations,EOS％ and total IgE levels were higher than those who expressed GG/TT genotype [(25.02 ± 8.77) ppb vs.(18.39 ± 6.56) ppb,7.16 ± 2.62 vs.5.50 ± 1.34,(366 727 ±275 533) IU/L vs.(166 826 ± 62 865) IU/L,respectively] (t =3.484,3.409,4.589 respectively;all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Childhood asthma susceptibility gene ORMDL3 SNPs rs4794820 AG and rs7216389 TC heterozygotes are the risk factors for API positive infantile wheezing.The pulmonary function damage and airway inflammation of the infants who expressed AG/TC genotype are more serious than those who expressed GG/TT genotype,and more likely to develop persistent asthma.

BACKGROUNDAnterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) is the most common surgical treatment for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), although long-term prognosis is often less favorable than short-term outcomes. This study aimed to examine the outcomes of patients with TLE 5 years after undergoing ATL, and to seek possible predictors of prognosis.

METHODSWe examined the clinical records of 121 patients with TLE who underwent ATL in our institution between January 2005 and December 2008. The Engel seizure classification was used to divide patients into "seizure free" and "non-seizure free" groups. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify potential prognostic indicators, including history, clinical features of seizures, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and video-electroencephalography (EEG) findings.

RESULTSThe majority of patients were seizure free during the follow-up period: 71.9% 1 year after surgery; 71.6% after 2 years; 75.8% after 3 years; 78.8% after 4 years after surgery and 68.8% after 5 years. There were significant differences between seizure-free and non-seizure-free groups in terms of preoperative seizure duration, history of febrile seizures, type of seizure, and MRI and video-EEG findings (P < 0.05), but not in terms of sex, age at seizure onset, age at surgery, side of surgery, auras, family history of seizure, or history of traumatic brain injury, perinatal anoxia or intracranial infection history (P > 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that a preoperative seizure duration <10 years, a history of febrile seizures, simple complex partial seizures, positive MRI findings, hippocampal sclerosis and unilateral localized video-EEG spikes predicted better outcome (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSATL appears to be an effective means of treating TLE. Patients undergoing ATL for TLE require careful and comprehensive assessment to ensure optimal outcomes and to allow patients to make informed decisions about their treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anterior Temporal Lobectomy ; standards ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Temporal Lobe ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult