AIM: To observe the effects of different doses of L-dopa on the rotational behavior and amounts of cells expressing D_2 receptors in striatum in hemiparkinsonian rats.METHODS: A hemiparkinsonian model was established in rats by pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine.The D_2 receptor expression were detected by immunohistochemical staining.The numbers of rotations induced by apomorphine was counted within 30 min before and after L-dopa(10 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),50 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1) or 100 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),ip) was introduced to Parkinson's disease(PD) model rats for 15 days.RESULTS: In successful PD model rats,the increased percentage of D_2 receptor in lesioned side compared with intact side was associated linearly with the numbers of rotations within 30 min(r=0.927,P

Objective Hepatitis A immunization strategies were carried out in 2001 in Tianjin. We wanted to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies related to hepatitis A control programs and to provide the basis for further modification of the strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiology study was used to analyze the hepatitis A epidemic situation in 2000-2011 in Tianjin and to evaluate the disease reporting system. Hepatitis A vaccine coverage of target population and serum epidemiological study were carried out in 1999,2005 and 2010 to check on the hepatitis A antibody levels so as to evaluate the immuno-barrier condition in the normal population. Cox-Stuart test was used to analyze the epidemic trend of hepatitis A and other intestinal infectious diseases in Tianjin. Results The incidence rate of hepatitis A decreased from 2.89/100 000 in 2000 to 0.12/100 000 in 2011,and the percentage of hepatitis A in all types of viral hepatitis decreased from 8.02%in 2000 to 0.48% in 2011 in Tianjin. The positive rates of hepatitis A antibody also increased in the residents. Conclusion The hepatitis A vaccination program was successful in the programs on prevention and control of hepatitis A in Tianjin,China.

Objective:To evaluate the value of measles IgG antibody avidity assay in identifying the measles cases.Methods:Data from the Measles Surveillance Information System was used to collect laboratory confirmed or discarded cases in 2013-2015, and then tracing back the blood specimens from all measles network laboratories in Tianjin. Measles antibody avidity assay was used to detect and to redefine cases from the discarded ones.Results:A total of 326 measles cases including 267 laboratory-confirmed and 59 discarded cases were enrolled into this study, with 92.33% (301/326) of them aged ≥20 years. Result from the measles IgG antibody avidity assay showed that the ratio of high-avidity was 91.23%(52/57) of the discarded cases, which was significantly higher than 66.95% (158/236) of the laboratory confirmed cases ( χ2=13.33, P<0.001). According to the case criterion, 15.25% (9/59) of the discarded cases were redefined as measles cases. Eight out of the nine cases were high-avidity with measles containing vaccine (MCV) vaccination history that named as SVF cases. One in nine cases with low-avidity was with typical clinical symptomatic measles but with no vaccination history of MCV. Conclusion:Measles IgG antibody avidity assay could provide reference serological evidence to reduce the error from those discarded cases caused by false negative results on IgM antibody, when diagnosing the measles cases.

Measles incidence has increased and measles immunization coverage has stagnated in recent years, resulting in difficulties to reach measles elimination goal. Public health measures for 2019-nCoV pandemic also caused a significant drop in measles cases, but the global immunization coverage further declined, vaccine hesitancy increased and surveillance weakened during 2020-2021. This paper summarizes the latest progress in measles elimination in different areas, as well as the current difficulties to be overcome with the emphasis on the influence of 2019-nCoV pandemic on measles elimination to provide reference for accurate assessment of measles epidemic situation and effective prevention and control of measles in the context of 2019-nCoV pandemic.

Objective To study the application of measles specific IgM and IgG antibody detection in classification of primary vaccination failure (PVF) and secondary vaccination failure (SVF). Methods Measles surveillance information system was used to collect measles confirmed cases in Tianjin, 2013-2015, and their blood specimens were collected, totally 284 cases were enrolled. Measles IgM and IgG were detected with enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative avidity index (RAI) was used to express the result of measles avidity. Measles IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) as evaluation indicators. In addition, compared with a measles outbreak (26 cases) of a middle school in Tianjin in 2016, for making further verification on the diagnostic value of vaccination failure with IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG. Results The age of cases ranged was 0-58 years old, the interval median (P25, P75) of serum collection after rash onset was 2 (1, 4) days. The positive rate of measles IgM and IgG in acute phase specimens were 76.06% (216 cases) and 88.38% (251 cases). According to the ROC curve analysis, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG were 0.753, 0.891 and 0.952, indicating that IgM/IgG was the best index to distinguish PVF and SVF. The best cut off value for IgM/IgG was 0.06, the sensibility and specificity were 88.75% and 86.63%. When IgM/IgG>1, 96.30% cases were low?avidity (RAI<40%), only 1 case was equivocal response (RAI: 40%-60%). 97.14% cases were high?avidity (RAI >60%) when IgM/IgG <0.01, only 3 cases were equivocal response (RAI 40%-60%). The threshold of IgM/IgG was used to verify the measles outbreak of a middle school in Tianjin, 2016. In the acute phase specimens, 100% (26 cases) of IgM/IgG were <0.06, 84.62% (22 cases) of IgM/IgG were<0.01. Conclusion The detection of measles IgM and IgG with ELISA, and IgM/IgG is a valuable diagnostic tool to distinguish PVF and SVF.

Objective To study the application of measles specific IgM and IgG antibody detection in classification of primary vaccination failure (PVF) and secondary vaccination failure (SVF). Methods Measles surveillance information system was used to collect measles confirmed cases in Tianjin, 2013-2015, and their blood specimens were collected, totally 284 cases were enrolled. Measles IgM and IgG were detected with enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative avidity index (RAI) was used to express the result of measles avidity. Measles IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) as evaluation indicators. In addition, compared with a measles outbreak (26 cases) of a middle school in Tianjin in 2016, for making further verification on the diagnostic value of vaccination failure with IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG. Results The age of cases ranged was 0-58 years old, the interval median (P25, P75) of serum collection after rash onset was 2 (1, 4) days. The positive rate of measles IgM and IgG in acute phase specimens were 76.06% (216 cases) and 88.38% (251 cases). According to the ROC curve analysis, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG were 0.753, 0.891 and 0.952, indicating that IgM/IgG was the best index to distinguish PVF and SVF. The best cut off value for IgM/IgG was 0.06, the sensibility and specificity were 88.75% and 86.63%. When IgM/IgG>1, 96.30% cases were low?avidity (RAI<40%), only 1 case was equivocal response (RAI: 40%-60%). 97.14% cases were high?avidity (RAI >60%) when IgM/IgG <0.01, only 3 cases were equivocal response (RAI 40%-60%). The threshold of IgM/IgG was used to verify the measles outbreak of a middle school in Tianjin, 2016. In the acute phase specimens, 100% (26 cases) of IgM/IgG were <0.06, 84.62% (22 cases) of IgM/IgG were<0.01. Conclusion The detection of measles IgM and IgG with ELISA, and IgM/IgG is a valuable diagnostic tool to distinguish PVF and SVF.

OBJECTIVEHepatitis A immunization strategies were carried out in 2001 in Tianjin. We wanted to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies related to hepatitis A control programs and to provide the basis for further modification of the strategies.

METHODSDescriptive epidemiology study was used to analyze the hepatitis A epidemic situation in 2000-2011 in Tianjin and to evaluate the disease reporting system. Hepatitis A vaccine coverage of target population and serum epidemiological study were carried out in 1999, 2005 and 2010 to check on the hepatitis A antibody levels so as to evaluate the immuno-barrier condition in the normal population. Cox-Stuart test was used to analyze the epidemic trend of hepatitis A and other intestinal infectious diseases in Tianjin.

RESULTSThe incidence rate of hepatitis A decreased from 2.89/100 000 in 2000 to 0.12/100 000 in 2011, and the percentage of hepatitis A in all types of viral hepatitis decreased from 8.02% in 2000 to 0.48% in 2011 in Tianjin. The positive rates of hepatitis A antibody also increased in the residents.

CONCLUSIONThe hepatitis A vaccination program was successful in the programs on prevention and control of hepatitis A in Tianjin, China.

China ; epidemiology ; Epidemics ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Humans

Objective: To study the application of measles specific IgM and IgG antibody detection in classification of primary vaccination failure (PVF) and secondary vaccination failure (SVF). Methods: Measles surveillance information system was used to collect measles confirmed cases in Tianjin, 2013-2015, and their blood specimens were collected, totally 284 cases were enrolled. Measles IgM and IgG were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative avidity index (RAI) was used to express the result of measles avidity. Measles IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) as evaluation indicators. In addition, compared with a measles outbreak (26 cases) of a middle school in Tianjin in 2016, for making further verification on the diagnostic value of vaccination failure with IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG. Results: The age of cases ranged was 0-58 years old, the interval median (P₂₅, P₇₅) of serum collection after rash onset was 2 (1, 4) days. The positive rate of measles IgM and IgG in acute phase specimens were 76.06% (216 cases) and 88.38% (251 cases). According to the ROC curve analysis, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG were 0.753, 0.891 and 0.952, indicating that IgM/IgG was the best index to distinguish PVF and SVF. The best cut off value for IgM/IgG was 0.06, the sensibility and specificity were 88.75% and 86.63%. When IgM/IgG >1, 96.30% cases were low-avidity (RAI <40%), only 1 case was equivocal response (RAI: 40%-60%). 97.14% cases were high-avidity (RAI >60%) when IgM/IgG <0.01, only 3 cases were equivocal response (RAI 40%-60%). The threshold of IgM/IgG was used to verify the measles outbreak of a middle school in Tianjin, 2016. In the acute phase specimens, 100% (26 cases) of IgM/IgG were <0.06, 84.62% (22 cases) of IgM/IgG were <0.01. Conclusion The detection of measles IgM and IgG with ELISA, and IgM/IgG is a valuable diagnostic tool to distinguish PVF and SVF.