Objective To study the genetic toxicity of carbon tetrachloride for male mice and assess the potential genetic toxic effect on mankind. Methods Micronucleus test and sperm malformation test were used respectively to determine the change of micronucleus cell frequencies (MNCF) and the rate of sperm deformity of germ cell induced by carbon tetrachloride in male mice. Carbon tetrachloride was given through intraperitoneal injection at does of 5,15,25 mg/kg respectively for 24 h and 48 h, the rates of micronucleus in the bone marrow cell and sperm deformity of germ cell of male mice were investigated by counting the number of micronucleus cells per 5 000 polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) in bone marrow and sperm deformity cells per 5 000 germ cells from male mice. Results The micronucleus rates of PCE in bone marrow and sperms deformity frequencies in carbon tetrachloride treated groups were much higher than the control group (P

Hereditary hemochromatosis(HH) is relatively rare in the Chinese population, and the disease can involve multiple systems. It is easy to be missed and misdiagnosed due to nonspecific clinical manifestations. We report on a case with diabetes as the first diagnosis and being confirmed HH later. In addition to abnormal liver function, this patient also developed a variety of endocrine and metabolic diseases such as hypogonadism and osteoporosis. Included with this case report is a literature based discussion of clinical features, management of HH along with its relationship with endocrine dysfunction to improve disease understanding.

Objective:To study the medication law of Professor Piao Bingkui, a national renowned TCM doctor, in treating lung cancer.Method:Medical records and TCM prescriptions of Professor Pu Bingkui for the treatment of lung cancer patients at Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine were retrieved from the hospital information system from January 1, 2013 to December 30, 2023. Database was established with Excel 2019. Drug frequency and drug attribute statistics, association rule analysis, clustering analysis, factor analysis, and complex network analysis were conducted through the ancient and modern medical record cloud platform 2.3.7.Result:Totally 5 768 prescriptions were included, involving 193 kinds of Chinese materia medica. Seven kinds of Chinese materia medica' usage frequency exceeded 90%, which were Astragali Radix, Pseudostellariae Radix, Glehniae Radix, Platycodonis Radix, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Coicis Semen. The main properties were neutral and warm, the main tastes were sweet and pungent, and the main meridians were lung, spleen, liver, stomach and kidney meridians. Three cluster groups were obtained by high-frequency medicine clustering. Eight factors were obtained by factor analysis. 48 medicinal pairs were obtained by association rule analysis, from which 6 core medicinal combinations were obtained. Complex network analysis showed that the core prescription was Astragali Radix, Pseudostellariae Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Glehniae Radix, Platycodonis Radix, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and Glycyrrhzzae Radix et Rhizoma.Conclusion:Professor Piao's clinical experience in treating lung cancer with TCM is based on the principle of strengthening healthy qi and eliminating pathogenic factors timely by flexible application of TCM methods as tonifying qi and lung, strengthening spleen and kidney, removing blood stasis and phlegm, clearing heat and detoxifying.

Fibroblast growth factor 19(FGF19)is a postprandial regulatory hormone secreted by human ileum,which participates in the regulation of bile acid,improves glucose tolerance,and has the functions of improving insulin sensitivity and regulating energy metabolism.This article reviews the research progress of FGF19 on glucose metabolism.

AIM:To investigate the effect of Ganoderma leucocontextum extract(GLE)on mice with cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced cellular inflammation.METHODS:Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,AKI group,low-dose(100 mg/kg)GLE group,high-dose(300 mg/kg)GLE group,and quercetin(100 mg/kg)group,with 6 mice in each group.The AKI model was es-tablished by intraperitoneal injection of a 20 mg/kg cisplatin solution.After GLE intervention for 3 d,serum creatinine(SCr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels were measured.Renal pathology was observed using HE and PAS staining.The expression of β-catenin and Axin2 protein in each group was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression lev-els of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,β-catenin and Axin2 in each group were detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR.The TCMK1 cells were stimulated with 2 mg/L LPS to simulate cellular inflammatory injury.After GLE treatment(0.2,0.4,0.6 and 0.8 g/L)for 24 h,the expressions of IL-1β,IL-6,β-catenin and Axin2 in each group were detected.Fur-ther overexpression of Axin2 was used to verify the changes in the above-mentioned indices.RESULTS:High doses of GLE significantly reduced SCr(P<0.01)and BUN(P<0.05)levels compared with the AKI mice.AKI mice showed re-nal tubule dilatation,tubular epithelial cell necrosis,vacuolation,and other pathological manifestations,which were im-proved after GLE intervention.Immunohistochemistry showed increased expression of Axin2 and β-catenin protein in the kidneys of AKI mice,which was reduced by GLE intervention.Western blot and RT-qPCR results in vitro and in vivo showed that GLE intervention significantly inhibited the expression and mRNA levels of IL-1β,IL-6,Axin2 and β-catenin(P<0.05).Overexpression of Axin2 antagonized the effect of GLE on IL-1β,IL-6,Axin2 and β-catenin,resulting in sig-nificantly up-regulated expressions of these proteins and mRNAs(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:GLE significantly allevi-ates the inflammatory response in AKI mice and LPS-induced cells,and protects against cisplatin-induced kidney injury in mice by inhibiting the Axin2/β-catenin signaling pathway.