Objective To investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota in SD rat model of diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Methods Twenty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into control (C) (n＝10) and diabetes (M) (n＝15) groups. Rats in the group M received intravenous injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) once per day for 5 consecutive days. Fecal samples were collected and examined for the V3 region of the 16S rDNA gene by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. The abundance and composition of gut microbiota were analyzed by cluster analysis. Results DNA sequence analysis was successfully performed. The Chao 1 index was lower in the group M than group C (P＜ 0. 05). The Shannon index was lower and the Simpson index was higher in the group M than group C (P＜0. 05). At phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Tenericutes, TM7, and Actinobacteria was lower in the group M than group C (P＜ 0. 05). At genus level, 4 weeks after injection,the abundance of Lactobacillus was lower and that of Bacteroidetes was higher in the group M than group C ( P＜ 0. 05). 12 weeks after injection, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,Bacteroides and Ruminococcus was higher and that of Bifidobacterium was lower in the group M than group C ( P＜ 0. 05). Conclusions This STZ-induced diabetic SD rat model has a low abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. Quantitative analysis of gut microbiota composition in this animal model provides a basic data for the study of relationship between diabetes mellitus and gut microbiota.

Objective Using different sterilization method to sterilize pig specific formula milk powder,exploring the sterilization method and conditions that minimize the loss of nutritional components in formula milk powder.Methods Pig-specific formula milk powder was divided into high-pressure sterilization and irradiation sterilization groups.Formula milk powder in the high-pressure group was sterilized using different sterilization conditions and that in the irradiation group was sterilized using different 60 Co γ-radiation doses.The sterility and the nutritional contents of the sterilized formula milk powders were determined according to national standards.Results The sterility tests for both groups of formula milk powder were negative.Compared to control group,the crude protein contents were significantly lower in formula in the high-pressure group sterilized at 121℃for 30 min and in the irradiation liquid group sterilized at 50 kGy(P<0.01).The water,crude protein,and calcium contents were significantly lower(P<0.001)in the irradiation group sterilized at 50 kGy.There was no significant difference in the valine,isoleucine,or leucine content under 50 kGy sterilization conditions in the irradiation sterilized group,but all amino acid contents were decreased in the high-pressure sterilization and irradiation sterilized liquid groups(P<0.001).Analysis of trace elements showed an increased iron content(P<0.001)in formula sterilized at 121℃for 30 min in the high-pressure sterilization group,increased iron and potassium contents(P<0.001)under 25 kGy sterilization conditions in the irradiation sterilization liquid group,and increased magnesium content(P<0.01).The magnesium(P<0.05)and sodium contents(P<0.01)differed significantly in formula treated under 50 kGy sterilization conditions in the irradiation sterilized powder group.VE and VB2 contents were increased in formula sterilized at 121℃for 30 min in the high-pressure sterilization group(P<0.001),the VE content was increased(P<0.05)and the VB2 content was decreased(P<0.001)in formula sterilized under 50 kGy conditions in the irradiation sterilization liquid group,and the VE and VA contents were decreased in formula sterilized at 25 kGy in the irradiation sterilized powder group(P<0.001).Conclusions Sterilization at 121℃for 30 min result ed in the least loss of nutritional components in the high-pressure sterilization group,while irradiation sterilization result ed in the least loss of nutrients at a dose of 50 kGy.Comparing the two sterilization method,irradiation of milk powder at 50 kGy result ed in the least loss of nutrient content.

Objective To investigate epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)gene T790M mutation in plasmatic ctDNA samples from 171 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and analyze the relationship between EGFR T790M mutation and the clinical factors. Methods The EGFR T790M mutation was detected in 171 cases by super amplification refractory mutation system(Super ARMS)in this paper. Rusults The EGFR gene T790M mutation was identified in 7.60%(13/171)plasmatic ctDNA samples which mostly came from patients withⅢb~Ⅳstages of lung cancer. The EGFR T790M mutation rate was identified in 2.05%(3/146)plasmatic samples of pa-tients who did not received treatment of EGFR-TKIs,which was lower than 40.00%(10/25,P<0.05)plasmatic samples of patients who received treatment of first generational EGFR-TKIs. The EGFR T790M mutation rate was identified in 75.00%(3/4) and 60.00%(6/10) plasmatic samples of patients who have received TKI for 6 to 10 months and more than 10 months,which was higher than 9.10%(1/11,P < 0.05)plasmatic samples of patients who have received TKIs for less than 6 months. Conclusions This article demonstrated that EGFRT790M muta-tion was more common in lately NSCLC patients who have received TKIs treatmentover 6 months,meanwhile the EGFR T790M mutation dynamical detective technology will effectively guide the clinic treatment.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to analyze the current status of outcome indicators in randomized controlled trials （RCT） of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for treating chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG）， so as to provide references for constructing the core outcome set （COS） of TCM in the treatment of CAG. MethodChina National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed， Embase， and Cochrane Library databases were searched for RCTs of TCM in the treatment of CAG in the last five years. The risk of bias of included studies was evaluated， and the selection status of outcome indicators was statistically analyzed. ResultA total of 150 RCTs were included， with a sample size of 44-398 cases. 164 outcome indicators were reported， with an application frequency of 1 229 times. The outcome indicators were classified into seven indicator domains according to functional attributes， followed by physical and chemical examination （69.41%）， TCM syndrome （12.69%）， symptoms and signs （11.15%）， safety indicators （5.37%）， quality of life （0.65%）， long-term prognosis （0.65%）， and economic evaluation （0.08%）. According to the statistical analysis， there were problems in the selection of outcome indicators in RCTs of TCM for treating CAG， including various indicators， non-standard name reports， unclear primary and secondary indicators， random combination of subjective and objective indicators， neglected patient report outcome indicators， missing long-term prognosis and economic indicators， insufficient reporting of safety indicators， and inconsistent measurement tools and measurement time points. ConclusionIn the past five years， there have been many problems in the selection of outcome indicators in RCTs of TCM for treating CAG. It is necessary to actively promote the construction of the COS of TCM in the treatment of CAG and promote the high-quality development of clinical research of TCM.