Objective To evaluate the role of 5-hydroxy trptarine 2A receptor (5-HT2A) in the pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis after liver transplantation in rats.Method Rats were randomly divided into control group Ⅰ and control group Ⅱ[(supplied livers were preserved for 1 or 12 h),ketanserin group (recipients of control group Ⅱ were intraperitoneally injected with ketanserin 24 h postoperatively at the dosage of 5 mg · kg-1 · day-1),and sham group (rats were subjected to transverse laparotomy and closure without manipulation of the liver).During 4-week observation period,serum biliary enzymes,5-HT content in the liver,the expression of fibrosis-related genes,cholangiocytes proliferation and biliary fibrosis were evaluated.Result Compared with the sham group,the serum ALP,GGT,TBil and 5-HT contents in the liver homogenate were increased on the postoperative day 1 (POD1) and then restored to the normal level.There was slight proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells on POD3 in the control group Ⅰ,with fewer collagen fibers and α-sooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts in the portal area.The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and procollagen α1-mRNA in graft livers was not significantly increased in the control group Ⅰ.To the contrast,the control group Ⅱ demonstrated high levels of serotonin in the liver homogenate and enhanced serum biliary enzymes.Active cholangiocytes proliferation was triggered on POD3 and remained higher than in the control group Ⅰ and the sham group.The control group Ⅱ showed a large number of α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts and collegan fibers at the postoperative week 4.In parallel,the major profibrogenic transcripts MMP2 and procollagen α1 were significantly increased at 2nd,and 4th week postoperation in the control group Ⅱ.Importantly,we also found that ketanserin relieved the signs of biliary fibrosis at 4th week postoperation in 5-HT2A group by the demonstration of reduced collagen fibers and a-SMA-positive myofibroblast in the portal area,as well as the decrease in the fibrosis-related gene expression.In addition to the lower cholangiocytes proliferation,serum levels of biliary enzymes including GGT,ALP and TBil in 5-HT2A group were significantly decreased at 4th week postoperation as compared with the control group Ⅱ.Conclusion Selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist,Ketanserin retards biliary fibrosis progression posttransplantation,suggesting that 5-HT2A receptor is a potential therapeutic target for ischemia-related biliary fibrosis after DCD liver transplantation.

Objective To find out the proper concentration of ZnSO4?7H2O as foliar fertilizer used for Pinellia ternata, and to provide reference for high yield of P.ternate,effects of zinc on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in leaves of P.ternata and the yield were studied.Methods Seedlings of P.ternata were employed as the experiment material.At the stage of full seedling,ZnSO4?7H2O of different concentration was sprayed on the leaves,the indexes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism were determined on the day 10,the weight of tubers and bulbils were measured at the sprout tumble stage.Results The yield of P.ternata has an exceedingly significant positive correlation with the contents of soluble sucrose and starch in the leaves,a significant positive correlation with the content of photosynthetic pigment and the aldolase activity,and a negative correlation with the amylase activity.In addition,the yield shows both an exceedingly significant positive correlation whith the nitrate reductase activity and a significant positive correlation with the content of protein.At the stage of full seedling,zinc sprayed on leaves can increase the content of photosynthetic pigment and improve the capability of photosynthesis.Meanwhile,spraying zinc can also promote the accumulation of soluble sucrose and starch in the leaves because of its stimulation on aldolase and inhibition on amylase.Besides,spraying zinc on leaves could improve the activity of nitrate reductase and the content of protein,and finally increase the yield of P.ternata.Conclusion The concentration of 600 mg/L is the best for ZnSO4?7H2O used as foliar fertilizer for P.ternate at the stage of full seedling.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of entecavir combined with pegylated interferons in the patients with hepatitis B.Methods: Totally 72 patients with hepatitis B were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 36 ones in each.The patients in the experimental group were treated with entecavir combined with pegylated interferons, and those in the control group were treated with entecavir.The clinical indicators in the two groups were detected and compared after the 24-week, 48-week and 6-month treatment.The adverse drug reactions in the two groups were recorded and compared.Results: After the 24-week treatment, the differences in the clinical indicators between the groups were not statistically significant (P >0.05).After the 48-week and 6-month treatment, the clinical indicators in the experimental group were obviously higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05).The difference in the adverse drug reactions in the two groups was not statistically significant (P >0.05).Conclusion: Compared with entecavir, pegylated interferon combined with entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B shows better clinical effect and security, which is more worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To investigate the serum coxsackie virus B(CVB) infection and nitric oxide (NO)level of the patients suffer from latent or chronic Keshan disease and their characteristics in the etiopathology of Keshan disease. Methods Sera were isolated from 30 patients with latent or chronic Keshan disease in Huangling county.Shaanxi Province, and the CVB-specific IgM antibody and NO were tested. Control groups were health subjects in Huangling county or Xi'an city, Shaanxi Province. Results The percentage of CVB-specific IgM positive in patients in Huangling county was significantly higher than that of both control groups in Huangling county and Xi'an city (P＜0. 05). The serum level of NO in patients was significantly higher than that of the control group in Huangling county (P＜0.05) ,however,compared with control group in Xi'an city, there was no difference (P＞0.05). In CVB-specific IgM positive patients,the serum level of NO was significantly higher than that of CVB-specific IgM negative group(P＜0.05).Conclusion CVB infection and serum NO level might be related to the etiopathology and the development of Keshan disease.

OBJECTIVETo study the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Pinellia ternate from different sources, in order to provide basis for cultivation and breeding.

METHODPigment contents were compared among different sources by the Lichtenthaler method. The light-response and diurnal photosynthesis course of P. ternata from different sources were analyzed by LI-6400 system, and chlorophll fluorescence parameters were analyzed by PAM-2100 system.

RESULTThe difference of photosynthetic characteristics among the sources were remarkable. The light compensation point (LCP) of P. ternate from different sources were 11.57-17.88 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1), the light saturation point (LSP) were 1 000-1 300 micromol x m(-2) x (s-1). All the sources have obvious "midday depression". P. ternate cultivated in Xinjiang showed a higher light saturation point (LSP) and better chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.

CONCLUSIONP. ternata cultivated in Xinjiang showed better photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters than the others.

China ; Chlorophyll ; chemistry ; Fluorescence ; Light ; Photosynthesis ; Pinellia ; chemistry ; physiology ; radiation effects

The liver has a strong regenerative capacity that ensures patient recovery after hepatectomy and liver transplantation.The portal system plays a crucial role in the dual blood supply to the liver,making it a significant factor in hepatic function.Several surgical strategies,such as portal vein ligation,associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,and dual vein embolization,have high-lighted the portal system's importance in liver regeneration.Following hepatectomy or liver trans-plantation,the hemodynamic properties of the portal system change dramatically,triggering regeneration via shear stress and the induction of hypoxia.However,excessive portal hyperperfusion can harm the liver and negatively affect patient outcomes.Furthermore,as the importance of the gut-liver axis has gradually been revealed,the effect of metabolites and cytokines from gut microbes carried by portal blood on liver regeneration has been acknowledged.From these perspectives,this review outlines the molecular mechanisms of the portal system's role in liver regeneration and summarizes therapeutic strategies based on the portal system intervention to promote liver regeneration.

Tumor immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment approach for cancer,and has significantly improved overall survival and progression-free survival in various types of cancer patients.The mechanism of action for immune checkpoint inhibitors involves blocking the interaction between programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1),thereby reactivating the anti-cancer activity of cytotoxic T cells and exerting an immune-mediated anti-cancer effect.However,the PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody has a clinical efficacy rate of only about 10％-30％,and can also cause severe treatment-related adverse reactions such as immune myocarditis.Small molecule compounds have several advantages in terms of pharmacokinetics,such as better oral bioavailability,higher penetration into relevant tissues and tumor cells,and reasonable half-life.Currently,the development of small-molecule tumor immunotherapeutic drugs has become a highly active research field in cancer immunotherapy.This article aims to summarize the recent advancements in small molecule research for tumor immunotherapy over the past five years,including PD-L1 small molecule inhibitors,PD-L1 degraders based on proteolysis-targeting chimeras,and lysosome-targeting chimeras technologies,and discuss the future directions for the development of small molecule inhibitors,providing new theoretical references for tumor immunotherapy.

Studies on lycopene synthesis in Escherichia coli were not only able to gain the strains with high yield and less by-products, but also able to test functions of genes or gene clusters. In this article, the cDNA sequences of tomato LeGGPS2 and LePSY1 as well as the coding sequence of crtI from Erwinia uredovora, each of which was added a ribosome biding site, were controlled by T7 promoter and terminator alone or combined, and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) to induce lycopene synthesis. The results show that only T7::crtI-LeGGPS2-LePSY1 expressed tri-cistronically could produce lycopene, and 2.124 mg/g dry cell weight oflycopene was obtained when fermented for 5 h at 30 degrees C after mixing 80 micromol/L IPTG at the later logarithmic phase while the seed broth of 1:50 (V/V) was inoculated into LB medium (pH 6.8) containing 3% sucrose and cultured for 8 h at 37 degrees C. The results confirmed the function of the prokaryonized LeGGPS2 and LePSY1 and their synergy with crtI, and also laid a foundation to establish an independent lycopene synthetic pathway in the tomato plastid.
Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Carotenoids ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Erwinia ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Engineering ; Plant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective:To understand the cognition of the family caregivers of terminal cancer patients on digital health intervention, to clarify their actual needs, and to analyze the obstacles to their acceptance of digital health intervention, so as to develop a digital health intervention plan for the family caregivers of terminal cancer patients.Methods:From February 2024 to March 2024, the family caregivers of 16 patients with terminal cancer in Hunan Cancer Hospital Pain Hospice Ward were selected by objective sampling, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were interviewed in a semi-structured manner about the cognition and needs of digital health intervention, and the interview contents were sorted and analyzed using the Colaizzi7 step method.Results:A total of 16 family caregivers of terminal cancer patients, 4 males and 12 females, aged 26-55 years, were interviewed. Four themes were distilled from the interview results: family caregivers of terminally cancer patients agree on the importance of digital health interventions; lack of awareness of digital health interventions; expectations of digital health interventions; and possible confounders affecting digital health interventions.Conclusions:The family caregivers of terminal cancer patients had insufficient awareness of digital health intervention, but all showed affirmation of the development of digital health intervention services. It is recommended to actively improve the basic conditions of digital health services, strengthen publicity, raise the level of awareness of the family caregivers, and positively overcome the relevant interfering factors, so as to gradually promote the development of digital health services.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Internet-based psychosocial intervention for primary caregivers of patients with terminal stage cancer.Methods The relevant randomized controlled trials of Internet-based psychosocial intervention for primary caregivers of patients with terminal stage cancer were systematically searched from 10 databases,such as Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,CNKI,PubMed,Embase and CINAHL and etc.The search period was from the establishment to December 18,2023,and 2 investigators screened the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and extracted data.Cochrane Manual 5.1.0 was used to assess the quality of the literature.Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4 software.Results A total of 9 pieces of the literature including 592 primary caregivers were included.Meta-analysis showed that Internet-based psychosocial intervention reduced the level of anxiety and depression for primary caregivers of patients with terminal stage cancer[MD=-1.64,95％CI(-2.68,-0.59),P=0.002]and the burden of care[SMD=-0.39,95％CI(-0.60,-0.18),P＜0.001],and improved quality of life[SMD=0.25,95％CI(0.01,0.48),P=0.040];further research is needed to explore the effect of reducing the level of distress[MD=-0.88,95％CI(-1.91,0.16),P=0.100].Conclusion The Internet-based psychosocial intervention is effective in improving the anxiety,depression and the burden of care of the primary caregivers of patients with terminal stage cancer,and it can improve the quality of life;further research is needed to explore the level of distress reduction.