18F-FDG PET has been widely used in myocardial oncology and inflammatory imaging.Suppression of physiological uptake in heart is required for accurate diagnosis of some thoracic diseases,cardiac inflammatory diseases and coronary atherosclerosis.There is no unified criteria to reduce myocardial 18F-FDG uptake.This review summarizes the research progress of inhibiting physiological myocardial 18F-FDG uptake by controlling diet,mediating blood glucose and applying drugs.

Objective: To evaluate the self awareness of professional competencies and its development of teachers for health in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai, so as to provide a reference for development of professional competencies and future specialized development. Methods: A survey was conducted among 1 722 teachers for health in primary and secondary school by the professional competency questionnaire. Results: Most of the teachers for health had bachelor s degrees (65.6%) and junior professional titles (43.4%), the full time teachers accounted for 66.5%, the percentage of teaching health education courses was 69.8 %, 7.7% took part in the formal class of schedule; the two top scorers were the dimension of "professional ethic as a teacher" and "school public health prevention and control" (4.68±0.43, 4.55±0.47); the two lowest scorers dimensions were related to school health education with increasing standard deviation (3.96±0.66, 3.91±0.65); the mean of self rated competency of the 6-14 years working experience group was slightly higher in all dimensions, that of 15 years or above group was lower than 6-14 years group in the total system and the dimensions of professional ethic as a teacher and emergency handling of accidents, and in responsing specific health problems dimension, the mean of 15 years or above group lower than that of 1-5 years group ( P <0.05). Conclusion The entry threshold of teachers for health in primary and secondary school is a critical consideration; Teachers competency preparations are satisfying in professional ethics and school public health prevention/control; meanwhile, the overall health education competencies were insufficient, and noticeable differences in the competency level among teachers are observed. It suggest drawing up entry qualifications and professional standards for health education teachers to guide the teacher s learning and improvement, calling for facilitating the professional promotion of teachers at the government s policy level.

Objective:To provide recommendations for further improvement of resident standardization training in Shenzhen according to carrying on the appraisal to the present stage of the training work. Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate resident trainees. Results:We had collected 870 questionnaires with 86. 8% ef-fectively received rate. The resident trainees’ degree of satisfaction to the base conditions and management is more than 50%. While the degree of satisfaction to the training program is 33. 3%. Compared with the outside training base , the training conditions and management level is poor and lower in local training base. The effect of training pro-gram is better in outside training group than local group. Conclusions: Basement management, assessment, training schedule and trainees’ payment need to be improved.

Objective To establish multi-PCR-single strand conformational polymorphism analysis (mPCR-SSCP) for rapid detection of isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) resistance associated katG,inhA and rpoB genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.Methods The INH-and RFP-resistance of 134 isolates was determined by using drug susceptibility test.The primers were designed for detecting INH and RFP resistance-associated katG,inhA and rpoB gene in the isolates by mPCR-SSCP.PCR-DS technique was applied to detect the mutations in katG,inhA and rpoB genes.All the results from different assays were subsequently analyzed as well as compared.Results All of the 134 tested isolates had katG,inhA and rpoB genes.Of the 134 isolates,42 (31.3％) and 45 (33.6％) strains were INH-and RFP-resistant,respectively.The results of mPCR-SSCP and PCR-DS showed that all the 92 INH-susceptible isolates had no mutation in katG and inhA genes with 100％ specificity.In the 89 RFP-susceptible isolates,2 and 1 had mutation in rpoB genes confirmed by mPCR-SSCP and PCR-DS with 97.8％ or 98.9％ specificity,respectively.Among the 42 INH-resistance isolates,33 and 36 strains had the mutations in katG and/or inhA genes due to the results of mPCR-SSCP and PCR-DS with 78.6％ or 85.7％ sensitivity,respectively.The results of mPCR-SSCP and PCR-DS also demonstrated that in the 45 RFP-resistance isolates,41 and 43 strains had the mutations in rpoB gene with 91.1％ or 95.6％ sensitivity,respectively.Conclusion The mPCR-SSCP established in this study can be used to rapidly detect INH and RFP-resistance associated mutations in katG,inhA and rpoB genes of M.tuberculosis with convenience,specificity and sensitivity,which shows a good prospect for application in clinic.

Objective To explore the altered functional connectivity of the amygdala in adolescents with internet gaming disorder (IGD) using resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) analysis.Methods Thirty adolescents with IGD (IGD group) and 30 demographically matched healthy controls (HC group) were recruited.The right and left amygdala were selected as seed regions,the rsFC and dFC between 2 groups were calculated.The regions showing altered connectivity in IGD were adopted as ROIs for correlation analysis.Results Compared to HC group,IGD group had higher rsFC with the right amygdala over the right inferior temporal,middle temporal gyrus,middle frontal gyrus,lower rsFC with the right amygdala over the left inferior temporal,superior temporal and the right inferior occipital gyrus,superior occipital gyrus.The IGD group had lower rsFC with the left amygdala over the right rectal gyrus and thalamus.Compared to HC group,the IGD group showed higher dFC variance with the left amygdala over the right middle temporal and the left media frontal gyrus,and lower dFC variance over the right precuneus,inferior parietal lobe,posterior cingulate and the left postcentral gyrus.The IGD group showed higher dFC variance with the right amygdala over right middle frontal gyrus and lower dFC variance with the right amygdala over the right middle temporal,the left media frontal gyrus and paracingulate cortex,inferior parietal lobe.The rsFC between the left amygdala and right rectal gyrus was negatively correlated with Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) scores.The dFC variance between the left amygdala over the left postcentral gyrus was positively correlated with CIAS scores.The dFC variance between the left amygdala and the right inferior parietal lobe were negatively correlated with CIAS scores.Conclusion The amygdala participates in the development of IGD.

To clarify the effect of the sympathetic nerves on the body's physiopathological changes and acupuncture effect by the alphal-AR mediation in the past 30 years.The paper has referred to the database of CNKI and Pubmed,and systematically reviewed the publications in the past 30 years about the research of the alphal-AR mediation of the sympathetic nerves to the body's physiological andpathological changes and acupuncture effect.Alphal-AR not only mediated the sympathetic nerves on the inotropic change of the heart,and the contraction of the vascular smooth muscles,bladder sphincter,and uterine smooth muscles and other physiological effect,but also mediated cardiac arrhythmia,myocardial hypertrophy and other pathological process.In addition,Alphal-AR also mediated the acupuncture signal transmission,and acupuncture was able to adjust the sympathetic nervous tension.The body's physiopathological changes are closely related to alpha1-AR and subtype alteration.The in-depth study of alphal-AR helps to explain physiopathological mechanism of the body,as well as provide theoretical basis and the corresponding pharmacological models for better selective drugs.Studying Alpha1-AR on meridians contributes to the discovery of meridian essence and the substantial basis of acupuncture effects.

Objective To observe over-time changes in rat blood flow in the skins of related meridian points during physiological status, the pathological state of ischemic myocardial injury and low or high frequency electroacupuncture intervention and explore the post effect of different frequency electroacupuncture on related meridian points after treating ischemic myocardial injury. Method Fifty male Wister rats were randomized into five groups: blank control, sham operation, model, low frequency electroacupuncture (meridian point A) and high frequency electroacupuncture (meridian point B), 10 rats each. Blood flow in the skins of bilateral points Neiguan (PC6), Ximen (PC4) and Tianquan (PC2), and non-meridian and non-acupoint control points was measured by laser speckle contrast imaging in every group immediately and at 30 and 60 min after the end of three treatments. Statistical analysis was made. Result Blood flow in the skins of bilateral points Neiguan, Ximen and Tianquan was significantly lower in the blank control group than in the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05). Blood flow in the skin of every acupoint increased in varing degrees after low or high frequency electroacupuncture treatment. Blood flow in bilateral points Neiguan, Ximen and Tianquan regions in meridian point group A was closer to that in the blank control group immediately after treatment. Blood flow in three left-side and three right-side acupoint regions in meridian point group B was closer to that in the blank control group at 30 and 60 min, respectively, after treatment. Conclusion The immediate effect of low frequency electroacupuncture on blood flow in acupoint regions is better than high frequency electroacupuncture during intervention in ischemic myocardial injury. The post effect of high frequency electroacupuncture on blood flow in acupoint regions is better than low frequency electroacupuncture during intervention in ischemic myocardial injury.

Objective:To study the use of percutaneous transhepatic one-step biliary fistulation based on three-dimensional visualization technology (3D-PTOBF) in the treatment of complex hepatolithiasis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 116 patients with complex hepatolithiasis treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2016 to December 2019. There were 56 patients in the 3D-PTOBF group (treated by 3D-PTOBF), and 60 patients in the traditional PTOBF group (received traditional PTOBF approach). The stone clearance rate, postoperative complication rate, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, number of cholangioscopic treatment procedures and stone recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Results:When compared with the traditional PTOBF group, the 3D-PTOBF group had significantly less procedures (1.43±0.71 vs. 2.07±1.22, P<0.05), and shorter hospital stay (4.6±2.3 d vs. 6.1±2.9 d, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the immediate stone clearance, final stone clearance, postoperative complications and stone recurrence rates between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:3D-PTOBF was safe and feasible to treat complex hepatolithiasis. When compared with PTOBF, it had the advantages of shorter operation time and decreased hospital stay.

Objective:To study the correlation between biliary angle and hepatolithiasis in liver segment Ⅵ.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 46 patients with liver segment Ⅵ bile duct stones treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2017 to January 2021 was carried out. There were 18 males and 28 females, with the age of (55.7±10.5) years. During the study period, 50 patients with cholecystitis were enrolled to form the control group, which consisted of 19 males and 31 females, with the age of (57.4±14.4) years. The angles of the right hepatic duct and the bile duct in segment Ⅵ were measured by the 3D hepatic visualization model. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze factors correlated with formation of segment Ⅵ bile duct stones.Results:The angles of the segment Ⅵ bile duct (124.5±23.1)° and the right hepatic duct (83.5±14.4)° in the study group were significantly larger than the control group(111.8±27.7)°, (76.9±14.8)°. The difference was significant ( t=2.44, 2.10, P=0.017, 0.039). Analysis showed that the angles of segment Ⅵ bile duct ( OR=1.024, 95% CI: 1.006-1.042, P=0.010) and right hepatic duct ( OR=1.035, 95% CI: 1.005-1.065, P=0.020) correlated with bile duct stones in segment Ⅵ, with greater the angles, greater were the rates of bile duct stones in segment Ⅵ. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that stones were more commonly formed when the angle of bile duct in segment Ⅵ was over 102.295°. The sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve were 91.3%, 34.0% and 0.631 respectively. Conclusion:The angles of segment Ⅵ bile duct and right hepatic duct were risk factors associated with segment VI bile duct calculi.

Objective: To analyze the trend of lung cancer incidence rate among rural residents in Feicheng city between the years 2000 and 2012,and predict the incidence rate between the years 2013 and 2018,and subsequently provide baseline data for lung can-cer control and prevention.Methods:With the cancer registration data in Feicheng rural areas,the time trend of lung cancer inci-dence rate and the annual percentage change(APC)were calculated by the Joinpoint model,while the incidence of lung cancer from 2013 to 2018 were predicted by the ARIMA(p,d,q)model.Results:A total of 3,908 new cases of lung cancer were diagnosed be-tween 2000 to 2012.The incidence rate was 40.77/105,the age-specific cancer incidence rate in the Chinese population(ASRC)and world population(ASRW)were 32.95/105 and 32.97/105,respectively.The incidence was 2.14 times higher among males than females (P<0.001).The incidence of lung cancer which apparently rose from 25.13/105to 64.92/105 with an APC value of 9.74%(P<0.001),was increasing every year.The change in the trend of lung cancer with respect to age could be divided into three segments,the incidence rate in the 0 to 59 years group showed a rapid upward trend(APC=113.38,P<0.001),which was lower in the 60 to 79 years group (APC=20.39,P<0.05)and began to decline in the 80 years or older group(APC=-21.20,P>0.05).The incidence of lung cancer was also observed to be increasing yearly from 2013 to 2018,and with an average annual growth rate of 4.92%,was predicted to reach 87.92/105 in 2018.Conclusions:The occurrence of lung cancer was closely related to population aging,unhealthy habits,and environmental risk factors.Due to the increasing aging population,the incidence of lung cancer will continue to increase.In order to formulate specif-ic strategies,the control and prevention of lung cancer must be based on its incidence features.