Objective To study the relationship between endothel in-1 in plasma and TCD in patients with brain injury.Methods We measured dynamically the level of ET-1 in plasma on 33 adult brain injured patients. Cerebral vasospasm was detected by transcranal Doppler sonography (TCD).Results 1.During 6-8 days, 13-15 days after injury,there was a significantly positive correlation between the level of ET-1 in plasma and cerebral vasospasm (r=0.533,P=0.002;r=0.423,P=0.02),especially during 6-8 days after injury. The increase of the level of ET-1 in plasma paralleled paroled with the time of cerebral vasospasm developed. 2.During 6-8 days after injury, the level of ET-1 in plasma of patients with cerebral vasospasm was obviously higher than those without cerebral vasospasm obviously (P

Objective To study the changes of endothelin-1(ET-1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) in plasma of cerebral vasospasm(CVS) after resection of skull base tumors and the effect of the two factors on cerebral vasospasm. Methods Totally 34 cases were divided into symptomatic cerebral vasospasm group,asymptomatic cerebral vasospasm group and nonvasospasm group after resection of skull base tumors.The blood specimens were obtained from the 34 patients on days 1,3,5,7 and 14 after the resection.The concentration of ET-1 and CGRP was detected by radioimmunoassay;meanwhile,transcranial doppler was recorded.Another 10 normal adult served as control group. Results ① Concentration of ET-1 in plasma elevated from the 1st day after resection of skull base tumors,reaching peak levels on day 5 to day 7,then decreased gradually and nearly recoverd on day 14.Concentration of CGRP in plasma decreased from day 3 after resection of skull base tumors,with the lowest concentration on day 7,then increased gradually and recoverd on day 14.② Concentration of ET-1 in plasma of the three groups was higher than that of normal adult group,while concentration of CGRP of the three groups was lower than that of normal adult group.③ Concentration of ET-1 in plasma in vasospasm groups was higher than that in nonvasospasm group(P

Objective To investigate the clinical utility of keyhole craniotomy for Cholesteatmas in the cerebello-pontine angle region presenting as Trigeminal neuralgia by using keyhole craniotomy. Methods Clinical data of 35 pa-tients with Cholesteatmas in the cerebellopontine angle region presenting as Trigeminal neuralgia was analyzed retrospec-tively. All patients received suboccipital retrosigmoid keyhole craniotomy. Thirty cases who received conventional craniot-omy group were served as control group. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the difference between these two groups in microsurgical methods, effects and complications. Results All patients were confirmed with MR diagnosis. In keyhole group, all patients had no pain symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia after surgical operation. The symptoms disap-peared immediately in 33 cases and gradually disappeared in 2 cases within one month following keyhole craniotomy. The tumors were totally removed in 25 cases and almost completely in 10 cases. The surgical duration was shorten in key-hole group than in conventional group (126±48 vs. 216±66 min;t=2.536, P<0.05). The amount of bleeding was smaller in keyhole group than in conventional group (91.3±52.2 vs. 186.3±65.4 mL;t=2.163, P<0.05). Postoperative neurologi-cal function was assessed in House-Brackmann. In keyhole group, there were 32 cases in class Ⅰ and 3 in grade Ⅱ. Two patients had hearing loss which was improved gradually in three months. In conventional group, there were 25 cases in class Ⅰ and 5 in grade Ⅱ (χ2=4.158, P<0.05). Postoperative hearing evaluation (AAO-HNS) revealed that there were 33 cases in grade A , and 2 in grade B in the keyhole group, whereas there were 27 cases in grade A and 3 in grade B in the conventional group(χ2=5.167, P<0.05). There were no relapse of tumors and death during 3 month to 5 years follow-up. Conclusions The suboccipital retrosigmoid keyhole craniotomy is a valid choice for Cholesteatmas in the cerebellopontine angle region presenting as Trigeminal neuralgia.

Objective To investigate the surgical method of treating the third ventricle cysticercosis with neuroendoscopy and to discuss the related problems. Methods Clinical data of 7 cases of the third ventricle cysticercosis from July 2009 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients aged from 12 to 49 and all of them received endoscopic resection of the third ventricle cysticercosis and orally taken Albendazole after surgery. Results The symptoms of high intracranial pressure in patients show different levels of releasing, except 1 case with postoperative fever symptoms, the other patients had no other palpable complications. After rechecked by CT and MRI, the size and shape of ventricle of all patients improved to varying degrees and hydrocephalus symptoms was relieved that all cases were satisfactory. Conclusions The treatment of neuroendoscopy aimed to the third ventricle cysticercosis is simple, safe and with less postoperative complications, which should be the preferred treatmnt to the third ventricle.

AIM:To investigate the effect of Bushen formulae(BHF)on bone metabolism and its possible mechanism in ovariectomized rats with high salt intake.METHODS:According to the random number table method,80 SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group,ovariectomy(OVX)group,medium-high-salt diet(MSD)group,high-salt diet(HSD)group,BHF group,BHF with normal saline(BHF+NS)group,BHF+MSD group,and BHF+ HSD group,with 10 rats in each group.After modeling,different diets and BHF formula interventions were administered,and the concentrations of sodium chloride added to MSD group and HSD group were 2%(w/w)and 8%(w/w),respective-ly.The dose of BHF was 7.8 g·kg-1·d-1,once a day,and the treatment lasted for 12 weeks.Bone density,bone microar-chitecture,bone parameters,bone metabolism biomarkers,bone histopathological changes,the expression of epithelial sodium channel α(ENaCα),Na-Cl cotransporter(NCC),and voltage-gated chloride channel 3(ClC-3)proteins in bone tissue were detected in each group.RESULTS:Compared with sham group,the rats in OVX group had reduced bone density and destroyed bone microstructure.Compared with OVX group,the bone microstructure in MSD and HSD groups was more significantly damaged,while the levels of bone formation markers,bone glycoprotein(BGP)and type Ⅰ procolla-gen N-terminal peptide(PINP),were significantly increased in HSD group(P<0.05).Moreover,the levels of bone re-sorption markers,such as amino-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type Ⅰ collagen(NTX),carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type Ⅰ collagen(CTX)and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRACP),were significantly in-creased(P<0.05),indicating that bone metabolism was in high-conversion state.High-salt diet accelerated the structural destruction of bone trabeculae,and Western blot results showed that high-salt diet caused decreases in the protein expres-sion levels of ENaCα and ClC-3 and an increase in the protein expression level of NCC in femoral tissues(P<0.05).After BHF intervention,the expression of relevant ion channels caused by high salt could be regulated to different degrees.CONCLUSION:Bushen formulae could differentially regulate the expression of relevant ion channels ENaCα,ClC-3,and NCC induced by high salt to different degrees,which has certain ameliorative and therapeutic effects on the imbalance of bone metabolism.

Objective:To Chinesize Post-Event Processing Inventory Trait (PEPI-T) and verify the reliability and validity of its application in high school students.Methods:First, the PEPI-T was translated and pre-measured, then the wording according to the pre-measurement results was adjusted and back-translated.Then, the Chinese version of PEPI-T(PEPI-T-C) was finalized.In total, 947 adolescents aged from 15 to 19 were recruited to complete Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale and PEPI-T-C, which were used as validity indicator.Results:Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the PEPI-T-C still followed the three dimentions of self-judgement, frequency and intensity of the original scale and showed good model fit indices (χ 2/ df=2.59, RMSEA=0.04, CFI=0.97, TLI=0.95, SRMR=0.03). The internal consistency coefficients for PEPI-T-C was 0.78, while the three subscales was (0.44-0.75). PEPI-T-C and its subscales were significantly correlated with social anxiety and depression ( r=0.22-0.43, all P<0.01). The subscale of intensity showed significant correlation with self-efficacy( r=-0.11, P<0.01). PEPI-T-C and its subscale of self-judgement and frequency showed no significant correlations with self-efficacy( P>0.05). Conclusions:PEPI-T-C showed an acceptable reliabilities and validities in Chinese high school students, and would be used to assess their post-event rumination.Future research should examine the psychometric properties of PEPI-T-C in other Chinese adolescents’ samples.