Objective:To investigate the use of antibacterial drugs during the perioperative period of a cesarean section and observe the differences before and after antibacterial drug remediation. Methods:1 569 cesarean cases from 2010 to 2012 were investigated, and the use of antibacterial drugs, drug categories, drug combinations, medical expenses, and so on was statistically analyzed with the use of the statistical software SPSS13. 0. Results:The rate of antibacterial drug usage within the 1 569 cesarean cases was 100%;for pre-operative antibacterial drug remediation, azithromycin, cefathiamidine, and ornidazole were the top three, while the top three antibacterial drugs for post-oper-ative remediation were arecefathiamidine, cefuroxime, and clindamycin. There was no significant difference between the two groups of incision infections, and the rate for combined use of drugs dropped. The analysis of drug costs is of statistical significance. Conclusion:The analysis of antibacterial drug remediation is useful for the rational use of anti-bacterial drugs and a reduction of costs.

Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxicity of ibuprofen and its 6 kinds of impurities.Methods:Different concentrations of ibuprofen and the impurities were used to act on mouse fibroblasts (L929) for 72 h,and the cytotoxicity was observed under a microscope.Results:In ibuprofen raw material,the cytotoxicity of impurity B was the weakest with slight toxicity,the cytotoxicity of impurity N,D,J and V was moderate,and that of impurity E was severe.Conclusion:At the same concentration,the toxicity of impurity E is the strongest,and its content in ibuprofen preparations should be strictly controlled.

Objective Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the main pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia in children and teenagers , which may cause mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia ( MPP) .Atelectasis is one of the most common manifestations of MPP.The aim of the article was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy ( FB) in children with MPP associated with atelectasis . Methods Retrospective analysis were made on clinical data and FB records of 99 cases of hospitalized children with MPP associated with atelectasis from August 2010 to December 2012 . Results The positive rate of MP-DNA was 92.9%(92/99) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the positive rate of MP-Ab-IgM in serum was 68.7%(68/99).All pa-tients showed obviously bronchial mucosa congestive edema during FB examination .The results are as follows:bronchial phlegm bloc-king in 31 cases (31.3%), lumen inflammatory stenosis in 22 cases (22.2%),mucosal ulcer change in 7 cases(7.1%) and mucous nodular change in 3 cases (3.0%).4 weeks after being treated with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), only 3 cases remained in atelec-tasis, the partial and complete re-expansion rate reaching 96.5%(82 of 85). Conclusion The positive rate of BALF MP-DNA de-tection technology for the diagnosis of MP infection is higher than that of serum MP-Ab-IgM examination .Early interventional therapy by FB can shorten the course of disease and promote the lung re-expansion in children with MPP associated with atelectasis .

Objective To explore the related factors influencing the prognosis of children with Tourette syndrome ( TS) . Methods We collected 420 outpatient cases of TS children in the department of pediatrics of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January of 2007 to October of 2010 as the research objects. Using the unified survey questionnaire, we observed the influencing factors of TS prognosis such as sex, onset age, mother’s pregnancy situation, the perinatal period, partiality for food intake, family relationship, the first symptom, the severity of disease, underlying diseases, comorbidities ( such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder) , family history of psychiatric or neurological diseases, trace elements levels, electroencephalogram (EEG), antistreptolycin O (ASO), course of disease, and maintenance treatment. The related factors of prognosis was analyzed with single factor and multiple factors Logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 420 cases of TS children, 396 cases were included into the final analysis, 24 were lost and the follow-up lost rate was 5.7%. The remission rate of TS was 78.3%, and the uncured rate was 21.7%. The results of preliminary screening of the influencing factors by single factor Logistic analysis showed that the related influencing factors for TS prognosis were 12, and they were course of diseases, abnormal birth history, father’s education level, mother’s education level, upbringing methods, family history of psychiatric or neurological diseases, underlying disease history, comorbidities history, abnormal ASO, the severity of disease, the frequency of disease relapse, and the medication history of western medicine (P<0.05) . And then the obtained 12 factors were analyzed by the multiple fac tors Lo gistic regression analysis, the results showed that upbringing methods, comorbidities history, the severity of disease, and the frequency of disease relapse were correlated with TS prognosis ( P < 0.05) . Conclusion TS children will have poor prognosis when their parents spoil, indiscipline, beat and scold, and dictate them, or when the children have severe illness state, frequent recurrence of the disease, and the history of comorbidities ( atten tion deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, etc.) .

Objective To study the antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Chaigeshubiao granules. Methods Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups:blank control group,indomethacin group,Fengreganmao granules group and the high, the medium and the low dosage groups of Chaigeshubiao granules ( 26, 13, 6. 5 g . kg-1 ) . Each group was administered via intragastric administration once a day for 5 days.Rat model suffering from fever by dried yeast,relieving fever of Chaigeshubiao granules was investigated;Rats with toe swelling by 1% carrageenin and mice with ear swelling by dimethylbenzene were applied to observe anti-inflammatory effects of Chaigeshubiao granules were observed;The pain models induced by 0. 6%acetic acid and the hot-plate tests in mice were used to observe the analgesic effects of Chaigeshubiao granules. Results Compared with negative control group,Chaigeshubiao granules in high dosage could obviously decrease the temperature of rat with fever induced by dried yeast 0.5 h later,and the medium dosage group decreased 4-6 h later. Moreover,Chaigeshubiao granules in high dosage could inhibit inflammatory reaction of rat with toe swelling caused by albumen at 1 h,2 h,3 h,when the medium dosage group inhibited at 2 h,3 h,4 h. The inhibition ratio of the mice with ear swelling induced by dimethylbenzene was 58.2%, 52.0% and 53.9%,respectively at the high,medium and low dose groups. And the inhibition ratio of retortion of mice by 0.6%acetic acid was 50.5%,68.8%,58.1%,respectively, at the high,medium and low dose groups. In addition,the high,medium and low dose groups reduced the pain reaction latency of mice in the hot-plate tests. Conclusion Chaigeshubiao granules have antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions.

Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammation,analgesia and ulcer healing promotion of Zhenbing Koukuining tab-lets. Methods:The anti-inflammatin,analgesia and ulcer healing promotion of the preparation was respectively observed in the croton oil-induced auricular edema in mice,acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and acetic acid-induced oral ulcer in golden hamsters. Re-sults:The tablets could obviously alleviate the auricular edema(P<0. 01)and reduce the writhing times in mice(P<0. 05),and nar-row the oral ulcer(P<0. 01 or P<0. 05)and inhibit the inflammation reaction in golden hamsters. Conclusion:Zhenbing Koukuining tablets have anti-inflammatory,analgesia and ulcer healing promotion effects.

Objective To investigate the value of Q-analysis real-time elasticity in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods Eighty-six thyroid nodules in 62 patients with pathologic diagnosis were included in this study and were examined using Q-analysis real-time elasticity. The real-time elasticity features were observed and the quantitative index including the whole elasticity rate and the local elasticity rate were compared between benign and malignant nodules. Results There were 51 benign and 35 malignant nodules according to histopathological examination. The Q-analysis curve of real-time elasticity of benign nodules was smoother and with lower peak, compared with that of malignant nodules. The whole elasticity rate of malignant nodules were significantly higher than that of benign nodules (3.59±0.84 vs 2.32±0.56, P=0.000). And the local elasticity rate of malignant nodules were significantly higher than that of benign nodules (3.96±1.32 vs 2.39±0.58, P=0.000). The cutoff point of whole elasticity rate for the differential diagnosis was 3.25 with sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy as 71.4%, 96.1% and 86.0% respectively. The cutoff point of local elasticity rate for the differential diagnosis was 3.45 with sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy as 68.6%, 96.1% and 84.9% respectively. The diagnostic efficiency of whole elasticity rate and local elasticity rate had no significant difference (P=0.591).Conclusions Q-analysis real-time elasticity could provide the real-time elasticity features of thyroid nodules. The whole and local elasticity rate as the quantitative index contributed to the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Objective:To explore the related risk factors of antepartum depression and anxiety,and to provide the theoretical support for early screening,clinical intervention and prevention of antepartum depression and anxiety.Methods:At the time of 28 weeks of prenatal examination,the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EP-DS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS)were used to survey 2112 pregnant women who were selected from Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Kunming City.Non conditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore the re-lated risk factors of prenatal depression and anxiety.Results:At the 28 weeks of pregnancy,the detection rate of de-pression symptoms and anxiety symptoms were 25.4% and 6.6%.Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for perinatal depression symptoms were younger age (OR =0.80,95%CI:0.68 -0.94),not stick to work during pregnancy (OR =1.18,95%CI:1.02 -1.36),not satisfied with the living environment (OR =1.50,95%CI:1.23 -1.83),expectations for boys (OR =0.86,95%CI:0.77 -0.96),not only daughter (OR =1.37,95%CI:1.06 -1.76),unplanned pregnancy (OR =1.38,95%CI:1.10 -1.72).The risk factors for perinatal anxiety symp-toms were being not satisfied with the living environment (OR =1.64,95%CI:1.19 -2.26),not harmonious with her husband (OR =2.01,95%CI:1.20 -3.37),unplanned pregnancy (OR =1.50,95%CI:1.05 -2.14).Conclu-sion:It suggests that the pregnant women with younger age,less working during pregnancy,being not satisfied with the living environment,having more expectations for boys,being not only daughter,with unplanned pregnancy are more likely to suffer from antepartum depression;those being not satisfied with living environment,having harmoni-ous relation with her husband,and with unplanned pregnancy are more likely to suffer from antepartum anxiety.

Objective To evaluate the effects of isoflurane postconditioning on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in brain tissues of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Methods One hundred and twenty 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 12-16 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),isoflurane group (group I),hypoxicischemic brain injury group (group HIBI),and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury + isoflurane postconditioning group (group HI).To establish hypoxic-ischemic brain injury model in the neonatal rats,the left common carotid artery ligation was carried out,and then the rats were exposed to 8％ O2 + 92％ N2 at 37 ℃ for 2 h in HIBI and HI groups.The rats inhaled 1.5 ％ isoflurane for 30 min after the model was established in group HI.The rats only inhaled 1.5％ isoflurane for 30 min in group I.At 24 h after the model was established,10 rats taken out randomly in each group were sacrificed and brains were removed to detect mPTP opening.At 7 days after the model was established,the survival rate was recorded in the rest rats.The rats were then sacrificed and brains were removed and the right and left cerebral hemispheres were weighed separately,and the ratio between left/right cerebral hemispheres was calculated.The density of normal neurons in ventral posterior inferior thalamic nucleus and hippocampal CA3 region in the left and right cerebral hemispheres were measured and the ratios of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere were calculated.Results There was no significant difference in the survival rate between the four groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group S,the ratios of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere,weight of left cerebral hemisphere,and ratio between left/right cerebral hemispheres were significantly decreased,and mPTP opening was increased in group HIBI (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group I (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group HIBI,the ratios of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere,weight of left cerebral hemisphere,and ratio between left/right cerebral hemispheres were significantly increased,and mPTP opening was decreased in group HI (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which isoflurane postconditioning reduces hypoxic-ischemic brain injury may be related to inhibition of mPTP opening in brain tissues of neonatal rats.