Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major global public health challenge, with traditional prevention and control methods exhibiting significant limitations in detection efficiency, data processing, and clinical decision-making. Leveraging its robust capabilities in data analysis and pattern recognition, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been widely applied across multiple critical aspects of AMR containment. Current evidence demonstrates that AI technologies can significantly enhance the efficiency of resistancediagnosis, optimize personalized treatment strategies, and improve real-time monitoring of resistant pathogen transmission. Despite persistent challenges such as data heterogeneity, model interpretability, and ethical compliance in practical applications, AI holds immense promise in supporting precision infection management and addressing the growing crisis of antimicrobial resistance.This article systematically reviews the clinical applications of AI in AMR prevention and control, including resistance detection and prediction based on mass spectrometry and genomic data, the use of clinical decision support systems in anti-infective therapy, as well as the role of AI in epidemiological surveillance, pathogen tracking, early warning systems, and novel antimicrobial drug discovery aiming to provide reference for clinical practice.

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are self-regenerating,rapidly proliferating pluripotent stem cells that depend primarily on their derived pro-angiogenic,inflammatory regulatory,and tro-phic factors to exert beneficial effects that attenu-ate deleterious inflammatory responses,reduce vascular damage,and promote tissue repair and re-generation.Obstructive sleep apnea hypoventila-tion syndrome(OSAHS)is a chronic disorder marked by oropharyngeal collapse during sleep,re-sulting in transient reduced airflow,large fluctua-tions in intrathoracic pressure,and intermittent hy-poxia and hypercapnia.OSAHS subsequently cyto-kine-mediated inflammatory cascades,oxidative stress,and ischemia,recruit MSCs from inflamed and damaged tissues through MSCs-derived of anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factor activity,re-duce hypoxia,suppress inflammation,promote re-generation,and prevent fibrosis in OSAHS-injured tissues.In this paper,we will describe the patho-genesis of inflammation,oxidative stress,fibrosis and ischemia from the perspective of OSAHS,high-lighting the current research progress on MSCs-de-pendent regulation of OSAHS-related pathology.

Objective:To explore the impacts of cyclic RNA asparagine hydroxylase(CircASPH)targeting the miR-28-5p/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF-1R)axis on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of ovari-an granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Human ovarian granulosa cells KGN and COV434 were used as research subjects,the targeting relationship among CircASPH,miR-28-5p,and IGF-1R was confirmed through dual luciferase reporter gene experiments and pull down experiments.KGN and COV434 cells were grouped into si-NC group,si-ASPH group,si-ASPH+anti NC group,and si-ASPH+anti miR-28-5p group.The mRNA expression levels of CircASPH,miR-28-5p,and IGF-1R mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR,cell proliferation,migration,and invasion were detected by MTT assay,Edu staining,and transwell cell assay,respec-tively;and Western blot was applied to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),vimentin,N-cadherin,E-cadherin,and IGF-1R proteins.Results:Bioinformatics a-nalysis and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments showed that CircASPH,IGF-1R and miR-28-5p had targe-ted binding sites.Compared with si-NC group,the expression level of CircASPH,OD490 value,Edu positive cell rate,cell migration and invasion number,MMP-2,vimentin and N-cadherin in si-ASPH group were decreased,while the expression level of miR-28-5p and E-cadherin protein were increased,and the differences were statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Compared with the si-ASPH+anti-NC group,the expression level of miR-28-5p and E-cadherin in the si-ASPH+anti-miR-28-5p group were decreased,and the OD490 value,Edu positive cell rate,cell migration and invasion number,MMP-2,vimentin and N-cadherin were increased,the differences were statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:In KGN and COV434 cells,inhibiting the expression of CircASPH can inhibit the proliferation,migration,invasion,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovarian granulosa cells by reg-ulating the miR-28-5p/IGF-1R axis,which may become a new target for the treatment of PCOS.

Objective:To explore the impacts of cyclic RNA asparagine hydroxylase(CircASPH)targeting the miR-28-5p/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF-1R)axis on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of ovari-an granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Human ovarian granulosa cells KGN and COV434 were used as research subjects,the targeting relationship among CircASPH,miR-28-5p,and IGF-1R was confirmed through dual luciferase reporter gene experiments and pull down experiments.KGN and COV434 cells were grouped into si-NC group,si-ASPH group,si-ASPH+anti NC group,and si-ASPH+anti miR-28-5p group.The mRNA expression levels of CircASPH,miR-28-5p,and IGF-1R mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR,cell proliferation,migration,and invasion were detected by MTT assay,Edu staining,and transwell cell assay,respec-tively;and Western blot was applied to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),vimentin,N-cadherin,E-cadherin,and IGF-1R proteins.Results:Bioinformatics a-nalysis and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments showed that CircASPH,IGF-1R and miR-28-5p had targe-ted binding sites.Compared with si-NC group,the expression level of CircASPH,OD490 value,Edu positive cell rate,cell migration and invasion number,MMP-2,vimentin and N-cadherin in si-ASPH group were decreased,while the expression level of miR-28-5p and E-cadherin protein were increased,and the differences were statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Compared with the si-ASPH+anti-NC group,the expression level of miR-28-5p and E-cadherin in the si-ASPH+anti-miR-28-5p group were decreased,and the OD490 value,Edu positive cell rate,cell migration and invasion number,MMP-2,vimentin and N-cadherin were increased,the differences were statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:In KGN and COV434 cells,inhibiting the expression of CircASPH can inhibit the proliferation,migration,invasion,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovarian granulosa cells by reg-ulating the miR-28-5p/IGF-1R axis,which may become a new target for the treatment of PCOS.

Objective:To explore the impacts of cyclic RNA asparagine hydroxylase(CircASPH)targeting the miR-28-5p/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF-1R)axis on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of ovari-an granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Human ovarian granulosa cells KGN and COV434 were used as research subjects,the targeting relationship among CircASPH,miR-28-5p,and IGF-1R was confirmed through dual luciferase reporter gene experiments and pull down experiments.KGN and COV434 cells were grouped into si-NC group,si-ASPH group,si-ASPH+anti NC group,and si-ASPH+anti miR-28-5p group.The mRNA expression levels of CircASPH,miR-28-5p,and IGF-1R mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR,cell proliferation,migration,and invasion were detected by MTT assay,Edu staining,and transwell cell assay,respec-tively;and Western blot was applied to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),vimentin,N-cadherin,E-cadherin,and IGF-1R proteins.Results:Bioinformatics a-nalysis and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments showed that CircASPH,IGF-1R and miR-28-5p had targe-ted binding sites.Compared with si-NC group,the expression level of CircASPH,OD490 value,Edu positive cell rate,cell migration and invasion number,MMP-2,vimentin and N-cadherin in si-ASPH group were decreased,while the expression level of miR-28-5p and E-cadherin protein were increased,and the differences were statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Compared with the si-ASPH+anti-NC group,the expression level of miR-28-5p and E-cadherin in the si-ASPH+anti-miR-28-5p group were decreased,and the OD490 value,Edu positive cell rate,cell migration and invasion number,MMP-2,vimentin and N-cadherin were increased,the differences were statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:In KGN and COV434 cells,inhibiting the expression of CircASPH can inhibit the proliferation,migration,invasion,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovarian granulosa cells by reg-ulating the miR-28-5p/IGF-1R axis,which may become a new target for the treatment of PCOS.

Objective:To explore the impacts of cyclic RNA asparagine hydroxylase(CircASPH)targeting the miR-28-5p/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF-1R)axis on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of ovari-an granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Human ovarian granulosa cells KGN and COV434 were used as research subjects,the targeting relationship among CircASPH,miR-28-5p,and IGF-1R was confirmed through dual luciferase reporter gene experiments and pull down experiments.KGN and COV434 cells were grouped into si-NC group,si-ASPH group,si-ASPH+anti NC group,and si-ASPH+anti miR-28-5p group.The mRNA expression levels of CircASPH,miR-28-5p,and IGF-1R mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR,cell proliferation,migration,and invasion were detected by MTT assay,Edu staining,and transwell cell assay,respec-tively;and Western blot was applied to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),vimentin,N-cadherin,E-cadherin,and IGF-1R proteins.Results:Bioinformatics a-nalysis and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments showed that CircASPH,IGF-1R and miR-28-5p had targe-ted binding sites.Compared with si-NC group,the expression level of CircASPH,OD490 value,Edu positive cell rate,cell migration and invasion number,MMP-2,vimentin and N-cadherin in si-ASPH group were decreased,while the expression level of miR-28-5p and E-cadherin protein were increased,and the differences were statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Compared with the si-ASPH+anti-NC group,the expression level of miR-28-5p and E-cadherin in the si-ASPH+anti-miR-28-5p group were decreased,and the OD490 value,Edu positive cell rate,cell migration and invasion number,MMP-2,vimentin and N-cadherin were increased,the differences were statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:In KGN and COV434 cells,inhibiting the expression of CircASPH can inhibit the proliferation,migration,invasion,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovarian granulosa cells by reg-ulating the miR-28-5p/IGF-1R axis,which may become a new target for the treatment of PCOS.

Objective:To explore the impacts of cyclic RNA asparagine hydroxylase(CircASPH)targeting the miR-28-5p/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF-1R)axis on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of ovari-an granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:Human ovarian granulosa cells KGN and COV434 were used as research subjects,the targeting relationship among CircASPH,miR-28-5p,and IGF-1R was confirmed through dual luciferase reporter gene experiments and pull down experiments.KGN and COV434 cells were grouped into si-NC group,si-ASPH group,si-ASPH+anti NC group,and si-ASPH+anti miR-28-5p group.The mRNA expression levels of CircASPH,miR-28-5p,and IGF-1R mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR,cell proliferation,migration,and invasion were detected by MTT assay,Edu staining,and transwell cell assay,respec-tively;and Western blot was applied to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),vimentin,N-cadherin,E-cadherin,and IGF-1R proteins.Results:Bioinformatics a-nalysis and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments showed that CircASPH,IGF-1R and miR-28-5p had targe-ted binding sites.Compared with si-NC group,the expression level of CircASPH,OD490 value,Edu positive cell rate,cell migration and invasion number,MMP-2,vimentin and N-cadherin in si-ASPH group were decreased,while the expression level of miR-28-5p and E-cadherin protein were increased,and the differences were statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Compared with the si-ASPH+anti-NC group,the expression level of miR-28-5p and E-cadherin in the si-ASPH+anti-miR-28-5p group were decreased,and the OD490 value,Edu positive cell rate,cell migration and invasion number,MMP-2,vimentin and N-cadherin were increased,the differences were statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:In KGN and COV434 cells,inhibiting the expression of CircASPH can inhibit the proliferation,migration,invasion,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovarian granulosa cells by reg-ulating the miR-28-5p/IGF-1R axis,which may become a new target for the treatment of PCOS.