AIM: To establish a method of analysing chemical components of the essential oil in Mulberry Leaves in Xinjiang. METHODS: The essential oil of Mulberry Leaves was extracted by ultrasound-steam distillation method.components were measured by GC-MS.About 80 peaks were separated totally.55 components of which were identified.The amount of the components from the essential oil was determined by normalization method.(RESULTS:) There were alkane(C_(10)～C_(40)),alkene,alcohols,unsaturated aldehydes,unsaturated ketones,carboxylic acid,ester,heterocyclic compound and aromatic hydrocarbon in essential oil in Mulberry Leaves.The main components were octadecane(9.11%),1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid-bis(2-methyl)propyl ester(8.92%),3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-o1(7.19%).there was a small amount of terpene in essential oil in Mulberry Leaves. CONCLUSION: The method is reliable,stable and has a good repeatability.This method can be applied to the analysis of the essential oil components extracted from Chinese traditional medicine.

Objective To compare imaging quality and radiation dose of different anode filter combination for full-field digital mammography.MethodsThe image of FLUKE NA 18-220 phantom were taken at full-field digital mammography (FFDM),system with Mo/Mo,Mo/Rh,Rh/Rh anode/filter combination by automatic exposure control,record the exposure factors and doses.The images on monitor with the best window width and window level were read by 4 independent radiologists,the images of specks groups,nylon fibers and masses was assessed by the 4 experienced readers at the criterion of American College of Radiology 1999 mammography quality control manual.Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance.ResultsThe nylon fibers scores of Mo/Mo,Mo/Rh and Rh/Rh were 5.50 ± 2.12,4.50 ± 1.85 and 4.38 ± 1.38 ; the specks groups scores of Mo/Mo,Mo/Rh and Rh/Rh were 5.38 ± 1.98,4.25 ± 1.56 and 4.38 ± 1.38;the masses scores of Mo/Mo,Mo/Rh and Rh/Rh were 5.38 ± 1.98,4.38 ±1.68 and 4.25 ± 1.56,the detection of specks groups,nylon fibers was not statistically significant ( F =4.56 and 4.32,P ＞ 0.05 ),but the detection of masses was statistically significant ( F =36.65,P ＜ 0.05).The radiation doses were different,the entrance surface dose (ESD) and average glandular dose (AGD) of Rh/Rh were (5.11 ± 1.89) and ( 1.08 ± 0.13 ) mGy,the ESD and AGD of Mo/Mo were (6.66 ± 2.33 )and ( 1.29 ± 0.38 ) mGy,the ESD and AGD of Mo/Rh anode/filter combination were (5.67 ± 2.02) and ( 1.29 ± 0.38) mGy.ConclusionsThe radiation dose of Rh/Rh and Mo/Rh anode/filter combination of FFDM were lower,and the imaging was clear,so Rh/Rh and Mo/Rh anode/filter combination of FFDM prefer to mostly patients,especially when the thinkness is large,Rh/Rh anode/filter combination is preferred,because the kV values was higher,the penetration of X-ray was stronger.The Mo/Mo anode/filter combination was used when the needs of high-resolution,because the detection of masses of it was better.

Objective: To analyze the survival rate of stomach cancer patients and its variation during different periods in Linzhou city, Henan Province, from 1988 to 2004, and evaluate the level of secondary prevention and diagnosis of stomach cancer in this area. Methods: All of the incidence and death records of stomach cancer from 1988 to 2004 were collected and matched from Linzhou Cancer Registry. The records that were identified as duplicate cases or had only death certificate (DCO) were excluded. The tumor cause eliminated life tables in this area were calculated and linked to the data of incidence and death of stomach cancer. FivE-year observed survival rates and fivE-year relative survival rates in three periods (1990-1994, 1995-1999, and 2000-2004) were calculated using period survival analysis mehod. The relative survival curves in the three periods were plotted. Results:The 5-year relative survival rate of stomach cancer was 26.66% during 1990-1994, 32.01% during 1995-1999, and 40.43% during 2000-2004 in Linzhou city. It showed a gradually increasing trend. The 5-year survival rates were higher in males than those in females. During 1990-1994 and 1995-1999, the 5-year survival rates of gastric cardia cancer were higher than those of non-cardia cancer. During 2000-2004 period, the 5-year survival rate of gastric cardia cancer was lower than that of non-cardia cancer. Conclusion: The survival rates of stomach cancer in Linzhou city are increasing gradually since 1990s in 20 century. It indicates that the levels of secondary prevention and clinical diagnosis and treatment on stomach cancer kept increasing in this area.

Objective To compare imaging quality and radiation dose on full-field digital mammography (FFDM) system and dual-sided reading CR mammography (DSCRM) system.Methods The TRM of ALVIM statistics phantom was exposed by FFDM system and (DSCRM) with the same radiation dose.The exposure parameters and the entrance surface dose (ESD) were recorded.Then,the phantom was exposed by DSCRM system with different mAs and same kV,and the ESD was recorded.The images obtained above were read by three radiologists on the monitor of diagnosis work station with the same window width and window level.The evaluation of the images were given using a five-level confidence scale.ROC curves were drawn and probability Pdet were calculated.Results The ROC analysis of microcalcifications and masses showed A(z) values of 0.730-0.925 and 0.670-0.945 for FFDM,and 0.632-0.815 and 0.575-0.785 for DSCRM when the radiation dose is 1.36 mGy.The radiation dose with DR system could be reduced compared with dual-sided reading CR system at the same probabilities Pdet,the ESD reduced from 1.63 mGy to 1.36 mGy by 19.8％,the AGD reduced from 0.65 mGy to 0.56 mGy by 16.0％.Conclusions The observable details with FFDM system were proved to be superior to DSCRM system at the same radiation dose.With the similar image quality,the radiation dose of FFDM system was less than the DSCRM system.

Objective To compare the sedation and anti-inflammatory effects of dexmedetomidine and midazolam on critical ill children with multiple trauma. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. Sixty-five critical ill children with multiple trauma admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Anhui Province Children's Hospital from January 2014 to September 2016 were enrolled, who were randomly divided into dexmedetomidine group (33 cases) and midazolam group (32 cases). Children of both groups received sufentanil for analgesia. Children in dexmedetomidine group firstly received 1.0 μg/kg intravenous bolus of dexmedetomidine for 10 minutes, then continuous infusion of 0.2-0.7 μg·kg-1·h-1, while in midazolam group children received 1-5 μg·kg-1·min-1 of midazolam in continuous infusion. The goal of sedation was to maintain a Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) score of -1 to 0. The level of serum interleukin (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 24, 48, 72 hours after treatment, and the duration of mechanical ventilation, ratio of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), length of stay in the PICU, ratio of sepsis and multiple organ failure (MOF) and mortality were also recorded. Results Compared with midazolam, dexmedetomidine decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines. At 24 hours after treatment, the levels of serum IL-1β, TNF-α significantly decreased and IL-10 significantly increased [IL-1β (ng/L):6.48±2.89 vs. 8.07±3.14, TNF-α (μg/L): 11.25±5.21 vs. 15.44±5.97, IL-10 (ng/L): 12.10±5.35 vs. 9.58±4.71, all P < 0.05]. At 48 hours after treatment, the levels of serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α and CRP significantly decreased and IL-10 significantly increased [IL-6 (ng/L): 209.67±80.49 vs. 336.31±123.94, IL-8 (ng/L):229.09±80.81 vs. 298.28±90.25, IL-1β (ng/L): 7.31±3.02 vs. 8.74±3.17, TNF-α (μg/L): 12.52±4.79 vs. 16.58±5.98, CRP (g/L): 47.82±24.92 vs. 72.35±31.71, IL-10 (ng/L): 12.90±5.42 vs. 10.01±4.79, all P < 0.05]. At 72 hours after treatment, the levels of serum IL-8 and CRP significantly decreased [IL-8 (ng/L): 234.64±96.24 vs. 290.28±103.97, CRP (g/L): 53.24±29.12 vs. 86.58±38.30, both P < 0.05]. Compared with midazolam, dexmedetomidine could significantly reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation (days: 4.7±1.3 vs. 6.6±2.1), length of PICU stay (days: 9.5±2.7 vs. 12.3±3.9, both P < 0.05), and the ratio of sepsis (33.3% vs. 53.1%, P < 0.05). But there were no significant differences in ratio of CRRT (18.2% vs. 18.8%), MOF (9.1% vs. 18.8%) and mortality (6.1% vs. 12.5%) between two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Compared with midazolam, dexmedetomidine had better efficacy in the treatment of severe multiple trauma in children and reduce the level of inflammation.

An 18-year-old female presented with painful erythema and nodules on both legs for more than 2 years.Dermatological examination showed irregularly sized,mildly indurated,tender,deep subcutaneous nodules arising in diffused infiltrated dark erythematous patches in the inner and posterior region of the left leg.Histopathology showed no significant changes in the epidermis.There were perivascular lymphoid cell infiltrates in the dermis and subcutis.Multiple sites of necrosis of blood vessel walls with vascular occlusions were noted.The lumens of some blood vessels were filled with lymphocytes,among which were many atypical cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and pathologic mitotic figures.Immunohistochemistry showed that lymphocytes in the cavities of blood vessels were positive for CD3(+++),CD3ε(+++),CD2(+),CD56(+++),granzyme B(+++),perforin(+++),CD30(+),Ki67 (+++,100％ ),but negative for CD20,CD5,CD7,CD4,CD8,TdT,anaplastic lymphoma kinase,early membrane antigen (EMA) or pan cytokeratin (pCK).The endothelial cells lining the blood vessels stained positively for CD34.The intravascular lymphocytes were also positive for EBER1/2 by in situ hybridization.A diagnosis of cutaneous intravascular NK/T cell lymphoma was made.

Objective:To investigate the teaching effect of blended teaching mode based on BOPPPS in the teaching of Natural Medicinal Chemistry.Methods:The undergraduate students of grade 2019 majoring in pharmacy of a medical college were selected as the research objects and divided into 2 groups randomly.Students in class 2 were set as the control group(n=27)and students in class 1 were set as the experimental group(n=29).The students of the two classes were taught by the same group of teachers.The control group adopted traditional teaching methods and classroom teaching as the main teaching mode combines with multimedia teaching.The experimental group received blended teaching mode based on BOPPPS.The final examination scores,teaching effects and student satisfaction of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:The survey results showed that the teaching effect of the blended teaching model based on BOPPPS was recognized by 96.55%of the students in the experimental group.The final examination score in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The teaching effect of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group(P＜0.05),and the satisfaction of students in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The application of blended teaching mode based on BOPPPS in the teaching of Natural Medicinal Chemistry can effectively stimulate students'learning interest and improve the teaching quality.

Objective To explore the sufentanil by adjusting the adenosine monosodium phosphate activa-ted protein kinase(AMPK)/thioredoxin interacting proteins(TXNIP)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization do-main-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)signaling pathways of the alveolar epithelial cells induced by lipopo-lysaccharide to the dead.Methods Human alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cell(AECⅡ)were cultured to logarith-mic phase.Then they were divided into control group(normal glucose culture),lipopolysaccharide group(li-popolysaccharide induced injury by 50 μg/mL),low concentration sufentanil group(20 μmol/L),high concen-tration sufentanil group(40 μmol/L),high concentration sufentanil(40 μmol/L)+AMPK-IN-3 group(50μmol/L AMPK inhibitors).MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation.Pyroptosis was detected by Ho-echst 33342 and propidium iodide(PI)double staining.The levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18 and tumor nec-rosis factor-α(TNF-α)in cell supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of focal death related factors cysteinyl proteinase-1(Caspase-1),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC),and gasdermin D(GSDMD).The protein expres-sion of AMPK,phosphorylated adenosine monosodium phosphate activated protein kinase(p-AMPK),TXNIP and NLRP3 were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,the survival rate of AEC Ⅱ cells in the lipopolysaccharide group decreased,the number of PI+positive cells increased,the release of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-18 and TNF-α increased,the expression of Caspase-1,ASC and GSDMD mR-NA increased,the expression of p-AMPK/AMPK decreased,and the expression of TXNIP and NLRP3 in-creased(P＜0.05).Compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,the survival rate of AEC Ⅱ cells in the low concentration sufentanil group and the high concentration sufentanil group increased,PI+positive cells de-creased,the release of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-18 and TNF-α decreased,the expression of Caspase-1,ASC and GSDMD mRNA decreased,the expression of p-AMPK/AMPK increased,and the expression of TX-NIP and NLRP3 decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the high concentration sufentanil group,the survival rate of AEC Ⅱ cells in the high concentration sufentanil+AMPK-IN-3 group decreased,the number of PI+positive cells increased,the release of inflammatory factors IL-1β,IL-18 and TNF-α increased,the expression of Caspase-1,ASC and GSDMD mRNA increased,the expression of p-AMPK/AMPK decreased,and the ex-pression of TXNIP and NLRP3 increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Sufentanil may improve lipopolysaccharide induced alveolar epithelial cell pyroptosis by regulating AMPK/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

TNFR-Fc is an important fusion protein that has great potential in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. We developed an efficient fed-batch process for GS-CHO cells to produce TNFR-Fc. The rationale of this fed-batch process relies on the supply of sufficient nutrients to meet the requirements of cell metabolism. The optimal feed medium was designed through ration design. A metabolically responsive feeding strategy was designed and dynamically adjusted based on the residual glucose concentration determined off-line. In this process, the maximal viable cell density and antibody concentration reached above 9.4x10(6) cells/mL and 207 mg/L, respectively. Compared with the batch process, the newly developed fed-batch process increased the cell yield by 3.4 fold and the final antibody concentration by 3 fold. This fed-batch process would therefore facilitate the production of therapeutic antibody by GS-CHO cells.
Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Culture Media ; Etanercept ; Glucose ; analysis ; Immunoglobulin G ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in preventing postoperative de-lirium in the patients with schizophrenia. Methods Ninety patients with schizophrenia of both sexes, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, aged 20-60 yr, weighing 45-90 kg, with a history of long-term use of antipsychotics, scheduled for elective emergency operation under general anes-thesia, were divided into 3 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: high-dose dexme-detomidine group ( group HD ) , low-dose dexmedetomidine group ( group LD ) and control group ( group C) . In HD and LD groups, dexmedetomidine was intravenously injected in doses of 1. 0 and 0. 5 μg∕kg, respectively, over 10 min prior to induction of anesthesia, followed by continuous infusion at 0. 4 and 0. 2μg · kg-1 · h-1 , respectively, until the end of operation. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol, remifentanil and sevoflurane, and bispectral index value was maintained at 40-55. Patient-controlled intra-venous analgesia was performed within 48 h after operation, and visual analogue scale score was main-tained≤3. The end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane ( ETsev) was recorded at 30 min after endotracheal intubation. The sleep quality was evaluated and scored at 6 h and 1, 2 and 3 days after operation. The oc-currence of delirium during emergency from anesthesia and within 3 days after operation was recorded. The occurrence of postoperative adverse reactions such as bradycardia, hypotension and hypoxemia was also re-corded. Results Compared with group C, the ETsev, sleep quality scores at each time point after opera-tion and incidence of delirium during emergency from anesthesia and within 3 days after operation ( 3％) were significantly decreased in group HD, and the ETsev, sleep quality scores at 6 h after operation and in-cidence of delirium during emergency from anesthesia were significantly decreased ( P<0. 05) , and no sig-nificant change was found in the incidence of delirium within 3 days after operation in group LD ( P>0. 05) . The ETsev and incidence of delirium within 3 days after operation were significantly lower in group HD than in group LD ( P<0. 05) . There was no significant difference in the incidence of bradycardia, hypotension or hyoxemia among C, HD and LD groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine given as a loading dose of 1. 0μg∕kg followed by a maintenance dose of 0. 4μg·kg-1 ·h-1 can prevent postoperative delirium effectively in the patients with schizophrenia.