Objective To assess the association of three polymorphisms in Megsin (rs1055901,rs1055902 and rs2689399) and susceptibility of IgA nephropathy in Asian population.Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic CNKI,VIP,WangFang Data,CBM,Pubmed,Web of Science and Google Scholar database on the association between Megsin rs1055901,rs1055902 and rs2689399 polymorphism and susceptibility of IgA nephrology in Asian population (last search update on 2 May 2016).Stata 12.0 software was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95 ％ CI (confidence interval),as well as sensitivity and publication bias analyses.Results Six publications encompassing mine case-control studies were finally included,including 2 179 cases and 1 769 controls.Finally,no significant association between Megsin rs1055901 and rs1055902 polymorphism and IgA nephrology in Asian population was identified,while a significantly decreased risk of IgA nephrology for rs2689399 polymorphism,was identified in Asian population (G and C:OR=0.754,95％CI 0.592-0.961,P=0.022;GG and CC:OR=0.506,95％CI 0.287-0.892,P=0.019;GG and GC+CC:OR=0.551,95％CI 0.316-0.961,P=0.036).Conclusion Rs2689399 G allele and GG genotype of Megsin may be the protective factors for IgA nephropathy in Asian population.

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of intra-articular injection of triptolide nanomaterials on rabbit antigen-induced knee arthritis.Methods:Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. After antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model were induced, the knee joints of triptolide nanomaterials (TPNA) group, triptolide (TP) group and betamethasone (BS) group were injected intra-articularly under ultrasound guidance with triptolide nanomaterials, triptolide and betamethasone respectively, 7 rabbits in each group. And the other 6 rabbits were punctured but not injected with any drugs as the control group. The pathological changes of joint swelling, synovitis and bone erosion were examined. Student's test, repeated measure data of analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal- Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results:① Before treatment, the knee joint diameters of the TPNA group, TP group, BS group and control group were (2.02±0.08) cm, (2.08±0.06) cm, (2.10±0.06) cm and (2.18±0.07) cm, respectively. After one week of administration, the knee joint diameters of the above groups were (1.85±0.06) cm, (1.89±0.07) cm, (1.93±0.08) cm and (2.15±0.08) cm, respectively. Knee joint swelling was significantly reduced in each treated group after a week of intra-articular injection. With the extension of treatment, the diameter of rabbit knee joints in each experimental group gradually decreased gradually ( F=58.83, P<0.01; F=53.78, P<0.01; F=68.24, P<0.01), and the diameter of rabbit knee joints in the TP group, TPNA group and BS group was significantly smaller than that of the control group ( F=63.83, P<0.01; F=71.94, P<0.01; F=140.79, P<0.01). ② The synovitis score of TP group was lower than that of the control group ( Z=-2.082, P<0.05), which was mainly mild synovitis. While the synovitis scores of TPNA group and BS group were lower than that of TP group ( Z=-2.082, P<0.05; Z=-2.687, P<0.05), most of which were free from synovitis. There was no statistical significant difference between BS group and TPNA group ( Z=-1.000, P>0.05). ③ The pathological scores of bone destruction in the TPNA group, TP group and BS group were all reduced compared with the control group ( Z=-2.505, P<0.05; Z=-2.216, P<0.05; Z=-2.505, P<0.05). There was no statistical significant difference between the TPNA group, TP group and BS group ( χ2=0.588, P>0.05). Conclusion:Intra-articular injection of triptolide nanomaterials can relieve joint swelling, reduce synovitis, and delay bone erosion. Its effect is similiar to glucocorticoid, better than simple triptolide. Triptolide nanomaterials have the potential to be an effective drug for arthritis by intra-articular injection.

OBJECTIVE:To study the improvement effect of lanthanum hydroxide on chronic renal failure (CRF) hyperphos-phatemia in rats. METHODS:CRF hyperphosphatemia rat model were induced and then randomly divided into model group,lan-thanum carbonate group [0.3 g/(kg·d)],calcium carbonate group [4.2 g/(kg·d)] and lanthanum hydroxide high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups [1.5,1,0.5 g/(kg·d)] with 10 rats in each group. They were given adenine 0.2 g/(kg·d)intragastrically in the morning,and then given relevant medicine intragastrically in the afternoon;a week later,they stopped taking adenine but con-tinued to take relevant medicine for 22 d. 10 normal rats were selected as normal control group. General examination was conduct-ed,and renal coefficient,serum contents of calcium,phosphorus,PTH,creatinine(Scr)and usea nitrogen(BUN)were detected after last medication as well as renal pathological change. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,model group showed CRF sign,renal coefficient,the contents of phosphorus,PTH,Scr and BUN were increased,while the content of calcium was de-creased(P<0.01);renal section showed obvious pathological characteristics. Compared with model group,CRF sign of rats were improved in lanthanum carbonate group,calcium carbonate group and lanthanum hydroxide groups. The renal coefficient (except for lanthanum hydroxide high-dose group),serum contents of phosphorus(except for calcium carbonate group),PTH(except for lanthanum hydroxide low-dose group and calcium carbonate group),Scr(except for lanthanum hydroxide low-dose group and calci-um carbonate group)and BUN were all decreased,while serum content of calcium and calcium-phosphorucs product(only in calci-um carbonate group)was increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in other difference. The renal sec-tion pathological characteristics were improved. CONCLUSIONS:Lanthanum hydroxide can improve renal function and reduce the level of serum phosphorus in CRF hyperphosphatemia model rats.

This article reviews the various studies of MRI in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), focusing on the research progress of MRI in evaluating the developmental trend of hip joint after DDH closed reduction, in order to find reliable indicators for predicting the development of the hip joint after closed reduction of DDH. Due to the advantages of MRI in identifying cartilage and soft tissue, more and more studies have performed MRI before and after DDH treatment to evaluate its specific role. This article has made a corresponding summary, for example, using MRI to identify obstacles that affect the reduction of dislocated hip joints such as fibrofatty tissue hyperplasia/thickening, joint effusion, labrum inversion, iliopsoas muscle atrophy, etc; using MRI to observe the cartilage shaping of the femoral head before and after closed reduction treatment of DDH; using MRI to verify the validity of intraoperative arthrography in assessing the position of femoral head and socket or directly observe the relationship of femoral head and socket with MRI; using hip MR angiography to evaluate the acetabular labrum injury in DDH patients. In addition, the results of bias-corrected studies on MRI-assessed hip-related observations are also summarized. In general, the application of MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of DDH is becoming more and more mature and perfect, and has been advocated by many scholars as a routine auxiliary examination for DDH. However, there is still no consensus on how to evaluate and predict the developmental outcome of the hip joint after closed reduction of DDH. This article summarizes the current progress from three aspects. We summarize the results of many measurements on MRI, which represent cartilage acetabular coverage and are used to predict acetabular growth and development; the research results on the use of MRI to explore the impact of the labrum on the development of the hip joint are summarized; the related research results of MRI evaluation of avascular necrosis of the femoral head after closed reduction are summarized. The above content can provide some reference for the current clinical work and research.

Due to the fact that the articular cartilage of children's joints has not yet been fully ossified, visualizing the adjacent anatomical structures during the clinical diagnosis and treatment of joint diseases and injuries in children is a challenging issue. Arthrography is an efficient, convenient, and minimally invasive technique, and is particularly crucial for the visualization of children's hip joints. Currently, arthrography technology is widely employed during surgeries for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and in recent years, numerous studies have concentrated on the efficacy of joint angiography, exploring its assessment and predictive roles during and after the operation. We review the overview of hip joint arthrography techniques, such as the concept of arthrography, the selection of access routes for hip joint arthrography, the process of hip joint arthrography, the dosage and operation of contrast agents, and the adverse reactions of contrast agents; the use of hip joint arthrography to evaluate the quality of closed reduction; the use of hip joint arthrography to predict the future development and outcome of the acetabulum after closed reduction; the use of hip joint arthrography in the study of open reduction or osteotomy; the use of hip joint arthrography to observe the morphology of soft tissues in the hip joint; the use of hip joint arthrography in combination with nuclear magnetic resonance to observe the anatomical structure of the acetabular labrum. Summarizing the research results of arthrography for evaluating the corresponding indicators of the hip joint helps improve the matching between the femoral head and the acetabulum and the accuracy of evaluating the quality of reduction, uncovers identifying factors such as labrum varus that hinder concentric reduction, enhances the ability to predict the development and outcome of the acetabulum, and has significant guiding significance for the precise selection of the timing of surgical intervention for early and residual deformities in children with DDH. Exploring the application of arthrography technology in evaluating the quality of closed reduction in DDH and predicting the development of the acetabulum after reduction is expected to provide meaningful references for orthopedic surgeons in the current clinical diagnosis, treatment, and research of DDH.

An effective, reliable and practical staging is of great help to the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor using clinical stage in gynecological tumors, but staging lacks objectivity in judging the tumor size, para-uterine invasion, vaginal margin, vascular invasion and so on. By October 2018, the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) had revised the 2009 FIGO cervical cancer staging that had been used before.However, the changed points of the 2018 FIGO cervical cancer staging are controversial.

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of Huidu Yinhua powder from the Orthodox Manual of External Medicine on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),virulence factor α-hemolysin(Hla)activity,and biofilm formation,and to explore the optimal ratios of Huidu Yinhua powder and provide experimental support for its use.Methods The inhibitory effects of Huidu Yinhua powder and the herbs in the formula on USA300 were analyzed by the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC),and disk diffusion assay(K-B method).Hemolysis,neutralization,oligomerization,and Western blot assays were used to verify in which form the drug inhibits the activity of virulence factor α-hemolysin(Hla).A biofilm assay was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Huidu Yinhua powder on biofilm.Orthogonal experiments were performed to explore the optimal ratio of Huidu Yinhua powder.Results Huidu Yinhua powder inhibited the MRSA strain with a MIC90 of 64 mg/mL and an MBC of 256 mg/mL with antibacterial circle diameter of(7.50±0.50)mm.Huidu Yinhua powder inhibited Hla activity by inhibiting Hla secretion.The minimum effective concentration(MEC)was 16 mg/mL,and the MEC of biofilm was 8 mg/mL.In Huidu Yinhua powder,honeysuckle and astragalus only affected the hemolytic activity of MRSA and biofilm formation without inhibiting bacterial growth.The hemolytic activity and biofilm of MEC were both 32 mg/mL.Glycyrrhiza had a strong bacterial inhibitory capacity with a MIC90 of 8 mg/mL and biofilm MEC of 1 mg/mL without showing inhibitory hemolytic activity at subinhibitory concentrations.The orthogonal experiment showed that,at a ratio of honeysuckle,astragalus,and glycyrrhiza in Huidu Yinhua powder of 1∶2∶4,the MIC90 was 16 mg/mL,MEC of hemolytic activity was 8 mg/mL and that of biofilm was 4 mg/mL,both of which were the lowest among the nine groups.Conclusions Huidu Yinhua powder affects the hemolytic activity and biofilm formation of MRSA at subinhibitory concentrations with the optimal ratio of honeysuckle,astragalus,and glycyrrhiza being 1∶2∶4.

42 cases with gastroesophageal varices were prospectively included. The groups were treated with endoscopic band ligation or combined with tissue adhesive. The results showed that the left gastric vein internal diameter, average blood flow velocity and blood flow volume after the treatment of band ligation combined with tissue adhesive were significantly lower than that of the treatment of band ligation alone, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Spleen and portal vein internal diameter, blood flow and average velocity, the liver and spleen size, shear wave velocity and liver function grade of the two groups after treatment did not change significantly ( P > 0.05). The effective rate of band ligation combined with tissue adhesive in the treatment of esophageal and gastric varices (66.67%, 52.38%) were higher than that of band ligation alone (42.85%, 23.81%) ( P > 0.05), and the re-bleeding rate of the latter was higher (9.52% and 19.05%, P > 0.05). Hence, it is suggested that the combined therapy is safe and more effective, and has no apparent effect on liver function and portal hypertension.

Objective To study the estimation method of medical exposure frequency in China through the survey of diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy institutions in selected provinces.Methods A survey of medical exposure frequency was carried out involving 557 diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy institutions in 25 provinces.The correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted,with the fitting effects of the models with different variables being compared.Results The total medical exposure frequencies highly correlated with number of outpatient,number of equipment and number of radiation workers (| r| ＞0.5).Representative samples of the daily medical exposure workload were obtained by stratified random sampling from the survey data.Mathematical models were built using the multiple linear regression between total medical exposure frequency and hospital levels,number of outpatients,number of inpatients,number of equipment,and number of radiation workers.The total medical exposure frequency in 2016 was estimated to be 589 million examinations based on the models.In addition,the frequencies of medical procedures were derived using the robust regression and the median regression.Conclusions There are several methods for estimating the total medical exposure frequency.It is desirable to use the stratified random sampling combined with the published statistical and monitoring data.The representativeness of sample is critical.The specification and optimization of models also require further study.

Objective:To use the spatiotemporal distribution model and INLA algorithm to study the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of tuberculosis in Shanghai and to provide a theoretical basis for formulating regional tuberculosis epidemic prevention and control measures.Methods:Based on the data of registered pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Shanghai during 2013-2020 derived from the tuberculosis management information system of China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, the hierarchical Bayesian model was adopted to fit the tuberculosis case data, identify the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of tuberculosis, and explore the potential socioeconomic characteristics and other factors related to health services and spatiotemporal characteristics.Results:From 2013 to 2020, 29 281 registered tuberculosis cases were reported in Shanghai, with an average annual incidence of 25.224/100 000. From 2013 to 2020, the incidence trend increased first and then decreased, the highest incidence was reported in 2014 (27.991/100 000). The incidence of tuberculosis in Shanghai is characterized by spatial clustering. Through the spatial characteristics and risk analysis of the reported incidence of tuberculosis, it is found that the high-risk area of tuberculosis in Shanghai is the suburban communities, whereas downtown communities are the low-risk areas. The incidence risk of pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with the gross domestic product per capita ( RR=0.48), the number of beds per 10 000 persons ( RR=0.56), the normalized vegetation index ( RR=0.50), and the night light index ( RR=0.80). Conclusions:With the steady progress of tuberculosis prevention and control in the central urban area of Shanghai, special attention should be paid to the prevention and control in the suburbs further to improve the social and economic level in the suburbs and increase the coverage rate of urban green space, to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis and reduce the disease burden of tuberculosis in Shanghai.