Objective To investigate the genetic characteristics of E 1 gene of rubella virus strains isolated in Henan province for further investigation on rubella prevention and control .Methods RNA was extracted from rubella virus strains isolated from suspected measles cases in Henan during 2008 to 2012 .E1 gene of the isolates were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced .The nucleotide ( nt ) and amino acid ( aa ) sequences of E1 gene of Henan isolates were aligned with the sequences of other reference strains downloaded from GenBank.Phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MEGA 6.0 software package.Results The pre-dominant genotype of rubella virus isolated in Henan was 1E genotype.No 1F genotype was detected.The 2B genotype emerged in 2013.The E1 gene of Henan isolates shared 87.8%-100% homologies in nucleo-tide sequences and 67.0%-100%in amino acids sequences .No variation was detected at hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization sites .A Leu to Phe mutation occurred at amino acid site 338 of 1E genotype in all isolates.Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that genotype 1E was the predominant geno-type of rubella virus epidemic in Henan province .

Objective: To analyze the survival rate of stomach cancer patients and its variation during different periods in Linzhou city, Henan Province, from 1988 to 2004, and evaluate the level of secondary prevention and diagnosis of stomach cancer in this area. Methods: All of the incidence and death records of stomach cancer from 1988 to 2004 were collected and matched from Linzhou Cancer Registry. The records that were identified as duplicate cases or had only death certificate (DCO) were excluded. The tumor cause eliminated life tables in this area were calculated and linked to the data of incidence and death of stomach cancer. FivE-year observed survival rates and fivE-year relative survival rates in three periods (1990-1994, 1995-1999, and 2000-2004) were calculated using period survival analysis mehod. The relative survival curves in the three periods were plotted. Results:The 5-year relative survival rate of stomach cancer was 26.66% during 1990-1994, 32.01% during 1995-1999, and 40.43% during 2000-2004 in Linzhou city. It showed a gradually increasing trend. The 5-year survival rates were higher in males than those in females. During 1990-1994 and 1995-1999, the 5-year survival rates of gastric cardia cancer were higher than those of non-cardia cancer. During 2000-2004 period, the 5-year survival rate of gastric cardia cancer was lower than that of non-cardia cancer. Conclusion: The survival rates of stomach cancer in Linzhou city are increasing gradually since 1990s in 20 century. It indicates that the levels of secondary prevention and clinical diagnosis and treatment on stomach cancer kept increasing in this area.

OBJECTIVE:To study the improvement effect of lanthanum hydroxide on chronic renal failure (CRF) hyperphos-phatemia in rats. METHODS:CRF hyperphosphatemia rat model were induced and then randomly divided into model group,lan-thanum carbonate group [0.3 g/(kg·d)],calcium carbonate group [4.2 g/(kg·d)] and lanthanum hydroxide high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups [1.5,1,0.5 g/(kg·d)] with 10 rats in each group. They were given adenine 0.2 g/(kg·d)intragastrically in the morning,and then given relevant medicine intragastrically in the afternoon;a week later,they stopped taking adenine but con-tinued to take relevant medicine for 22 d. 10 normal rats were selected as normal control group. General examination was conduct-ed,and renal coefficient,serum contents of calcium,phosphorus,PTH,creatinine(Scr)and usea nitrogen(BUN)were detected after last medication as well as renal pathological change. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,model group showed CRF sign,renal coefficient,the contents of phosphorus,PTH,Scr and BUN were increased,while the content of calcium was de-creased(P<0.01);renal section showed obvious pathological characteristics. Compared with model group,CRF sign of rats were improved in lanthanum carbonate group,calcium carbonate group and lanthanum hydroxide groups. The renal coefficient (except for lanthanum hydroxide high-dose group),serum contents of phosphorus(except for calcium carbonate group),PTH(except for lanthanum hydroxide low-dose group and calcium carbonate group),Scr(except for lanthanum hydroxide low-dose group and calci-um carbonate group)and BUN were all decreased,while serum content of calcium and calcium-phosphorucs product(only in calci-um carbonate group)was increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in other difference. The renal sec-tion pathological characteristics were improved. CONCLUSIONS:Lanthanum hydroxide can improve renal function and reduce the level of serum phosphorus in CRF hyperphosphatemia model rats.

0.05).RBC and haematocrit(HCT)were significantly decreased(P

Objective To study the serum peptide fingerprint using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technology,and find the different peaks with potential significance and establish the diagnosis model of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bloodstream infection.Methods To establish ICR mice model of S.aureus and E.coli bloodstream infections,and collect serum samples.The serum samples were purified by weak cation exchange beads,the serum peptide fingerprint was recognized by using MALDI-TOF MS and BioExplorer software between infections group and normal control group.Results Compared with the normal control group,6 peptides were up-regulated,7 peptides downregulated and 8 peptides up-regulated first and then down-regulated in S.aureus infection group;And 5 peptides down-regulated,4 peptides down-regulated first and then up-regulated,and 8 peptides up-regulated first and then down-regulated in E.coli infection group.Conclusion MALDI-TOF MS combined with BioExplorer software may be used as a tool to study the serum peptides of S.aureus and E.coli bloodstream infection,effectively find significant peptides for establishing a diagnosis model of these two bacterial infections,and has a certain value for the diagnosis of bacterial bloodstream infection.

Objective To investigate the role of the hypothalamus, medullary visceral zone (MVZ)and vagus in cerebral hemorrhage (CH) in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) rat model.To reveal the possible regulatory mechanism of the hypothalamus-MVZ-vagus pathway in CMODS.Methods 80 Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operative group (n = 10), subdiaphragmatic vagotomy group (SDV, n = 10), CH group (n = 20), CH + SDV group (n = 20) and CH + vagus stimulation group (CH +SIV, n = 20).Rat CH model was made by stereotaxis injection of collagenase in caudate nucleus.Its endotoxin in serum was evaluated with a test kit.The expression of FOS in the hypothalamus and CHAT in the MVZ in the rats were examined using immunohistochemistry methods.Results Abnormality of hepatic and renal function, myocardium enzyme in CH + SDV group, CH + SIV group and CH group were more severe than those in sham-operative group and SDV group; CH + SDV group more severe than CH group.CH +SIV group were much milder than CH group.The serum endotoxin level (EU/ml) in CH group,compared with the sham-operated group, were significantly different (1.03 ± 0.25 and 0.18 ± 0.03respectively, t = 10.61, P <0.01).The expression of FOS in hypothalamus of CH + SDV group (9.3 ±2.6) were significantly higher than those in sham-operative group (2.5 ± 0.4, t = 8.17, P < 0.01) and SDV group (2.9 ±0.5, t =7.64, P <0.01), but significantly lower than those in CH group (48.6 ± 18.1,t =6.80, P<0.01); was higher in CH +SIV group than those in CH group (74.3 ±6.3 and 48.6 ± 18.1,t=4.23, P <0.01).The expression of CHAT in MVZ in CH + SDV group (138.5 ± 11.8) was significantly higher than those in sham-operative group (108.2 ±9.5, t =5.39, P <0.01) and SDV group (110.7 ±9.9, t =4.83, P <0.01), but significantly lower than those in CH group (164.4 ± 12.4, t =3.53, P <0.01); was higher in CH + SIV group than in CH group (189.4 ± 15.0 and 164.4 ± 12.4, t =3.14, P < 0.05).Conclusion Hypothalamus may be related to the nerve immunity adjustment in MODS after cerebral hemorrhage.The hypothalamus-MVZ-vagus pathway may be distinctive in CMODS.Vagus nerve may be a Bi-directional Channel of the rats following cerebral hemorrhage and MODS.

Objective To investigate the expressions of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and regulated upon activation,normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES) in mice with bloodstream infection by 4 different single pathogen and provide research basis for the early diagnosis of bacteriogenous bloodstream infection.Methods CD-1 (ICR,Institute of Cancer Research) mouse models of bloodstream infection with the standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus),Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis),Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Klebsiella pneumonia(K,pneumoniae) were established.The serum samples were collected at the 0.5,1,3,6,12,24 and 48 hours after infection and the concentrations of LIF and RANTES in mouse serum of experimental groups and control were detected by Luminex liquid chip system.Results The median lethal dose (LD50) of S.aureus,E.faecalis,E.coli and K.pneumoniae were 8.1 × 108/mL,9.6 × 108/mL,8.1 × 108/mL and 1.1 × 109/mL,respectively.The concentration of serum LIF was significantly increased in 1 hour after infection.The peak concentrations of LIF in the four groups were (51.6±5.0),(73.2±20.8),(7.3 ±0.9)and (6.1 ± 1.2) pg/mL respectively,and the differences were statistically significant compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The concentrations of RANTES in E.faecalis group,E.coli group and K.pneumoniae group were increased after infection for 1 hour and increased significantly after infection for 3 hours.The increased concentrations of RANTES in E.coli group and K.pneumoniae group were more than those in S.aureus group and E.faecalis group.The peak concentrations of RANTES in S.aureus group,E.faecalis group,E.coli group and K.pneumoniae group were (1 929.0-± 25.2),(1 218.1 ± 227.4),(55.7 ± 10.0) and (179.2 ± 9.2)pg/mL,and the differences were statistically significant compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The concentrations of LIF and RANTES increased obviously in 1 h after the bacteria entered bloodstream.After 2 days of infections,the levels of LIF and RANTES in E.coli group and K.pneumoniae group were significantly higher than those in S.aureus group and the E.faecalis group.Combined detections of LIF and RANTES may be of certain values to differentiate the infections caused by the pathogens between gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Objective To observe the changes of glycocholic acid (CG) and evaluate the diagnostic value of CG combined with total bile acid (TBA) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in various liver diseases.Methods From October 2016 to March 2017,210 serum samples of healthy people,asymptomatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected,hepatitis,biliary obstruction,hepatocirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients were collected.CG and LAP were detected by corresponding kits,and liver function,coagulation function and other indicators of patients were collected and analyzed statistically.Results The serum level of CG were elevated in the 4 liver disease groups and differed statistically from the normal group or the asymptomatic HBV infected group.CG level was positively correlated with LAP (r =0.380,P ＜ 0.01).In liver function indexes,CG was correlated with total bilirubin (TB),direct bilirubin (DB),TBA and alkaline phosphatase (AKP).At the same time,CG was correlated with fibrinogen(Fib),thrombin time(TT).LAP and TBA were introduced into regression equation Y =-0.835 + 0.157X1 +0.312X2 (X1:LAP,X2:TBA,R2 =0.685) as final variables in multivariate linear regression to analyse the influencing factors of CG.Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that CG had the strongest ability to diagnose liver diseases in combination with LAP.Conclusions The change of CG level is of great significance in all kinds of liver diseases.The combination of LAP has the strongest ability to diagnose liver diseases.

Objective To explore the relationship between urinary iodine level and breast cancer,we compare urinary iodine excretion levels in patients with breast cancer,benign breast disease,other female malignant tumors and control subjects in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.Methods From December 2018 to January 2019,64 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were selected as case group,benign breast disease group (n =49),other female malignant tumor group (n =39) and health examination group (n =50) as control group.Urinary iodine was determined by colorimetry.According to the urinary iodine level the patients divided into three groups:iodine excess (＞300 μg/L),medium iodine (100-300 μg/L) and iodine deficiency (＜ 100 μg/L).The relationship between urinary iodine and clinicopathology of breast cancer was analyzed.Results The level of urinary iodine in benign breast nodule group 319.13 (163.98) μg/L ＞ breast cancer group 273.96 (151.30) μg/L ＞ female other malignant tumor group 212.95 (161.71) μg/L ＞ normal control group 199.15 (194.45) μg/L,with significantly differance (H =9.936,P =0.019).Urinary iodine level in the normal control group was significantly lower than that in the benign breast disease group (P =0.013).The patients were further divided into three groups according to the urinary iodine level:iodine excess,iodine medium and iodine deficiency,the number of urine iodine ＜ 100 μg/L in the normal control group was significantly higher than that in the breast cancer group (P =0.021).The level of urinary iodine was negatively correlated with the size of the primary focus of breast cancer (Z =-2.307,P =0.021).The effect of urinary iodine was analyzed by multiple linear regression method.The size of primary focus was included in the regression equation (R2 =0.136,P=0.007),but had nothing to do with lymph node metastasis and the expression status of estrogen receptor (ER),androgen receptor (AR),progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2).Conclusions There is a negative linear correlation between urinary iodine level and the size of primary focus of breast cancer,but it has nothing to do with lymph node metastasis and the expression of ER,AR,PR and HER-2.

Objectives:Compare the differences between the intervention and control groups in changes of primary outcomes(body mass index[BMI]and waist-to-height ratio[WHtR])and secondary outcomes(nutrition knowledge of children and parents),from baseline to the 6-and 12-month follow-ups;examine the associations of changes in nutrition knowledge of children and their parents with children's changes in BMI and WHtR.Data sources:Data collected from four schools in two poverty-stricken counties in northern Shaanxi Province in 2020-2021.Methods:A multifaced intervention program targeted children(promoting healthy diet and nutrition education)and their parents(promoting nutrition knowledge)was conducted in the interventional group.Four schools,with two in each group,were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group,with 814 eligible children aged 7.1 to 12.8 years.The control group conducted myopia promotion.Differences in changes of BMI and WHtR between groups were compared with t-test.Mixed-effects model was used to examine the associations between changes in nutrition knowledge of children and parents with changes in children's BMI and WHtR.Results:At the 6-month follow-up,the difference in changes in BMI between the intervention and control groups was 0.4 kg/m 2(P＜0.001).At the 12-month follow-up,the difference in changes in BMI and WHtR between intervention and control groups was 0.1 kg/m2(P＜0.001)and 0.01 kg/m2(P＜0.001).In the intervention group,the nutrition knowledge awareness rate of children increased from 16.9％(69/409)at baseline to 21.3％(87/409)at 6-month,and 22.7％(93/409)at 12-month.The awareness rate of nutrition knowledge of parents also fluctuated,from 5.6％(23/409)to 6.6％(27/409)and 5.4％(22/409).However,the difference in changes in nu-trition knowledge between intervention and control groups was non-significant.The 6-month follow-up changes in children's nutrition knowledge scores were negatively associated with changes in BMI in girls(β=-0.26,95％confidence interval[CI]:-0.38 to-0.14,P＜0.001),while positively associated with changes in WHtR in boys(β=0.003,95％CI:-0.0002 to 0.005,P=0.035).The 12-month follow-up changes in children's nutrition knowledge scores were positively associated with changes in children's WHtR(β=0.003,95％CI:0.0004 to 0.01,P=0.018).Conclusions:The intervention strategies did not reduce the BMI and WHtR of children,and the nutrition knowl-edge of children and parents increased after the intervention in intervention group.Changes in nutrition knowl-edge of children and their parents are associated with changes in children's BMI or WHtR.Interventions with a new focus on obesity are needed to help improve children's nutritional status in poverty-stricken areas in Shaanxi Province of China.