Objective To investigate the role of MDM2in the cell proliferation and carcinogenesis in condyloma acuminatum(CA).Methods The technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression of MDM2protein and mRNA in skin lesions of CA and normal skin of genital area.Polymerase-chain reaction(PCR)was used to type HPV DNA.Results Out of32CA specimens,the expression of MDM2protein was found in18(56.25%),the expression of MDM2mRNA was found in22(68.75%),while co-expression of MDM2protein and MDM2mRNA was found in14.According to PCR results,HPV6/11subtype was shown in28out of32CA specimens(87.5%),and HPV16/18subtype was shown in4out of32(12.5%).In eighteen out of positive specimens expressing MDM2protein,HPV6/11subtype was shown in15and HPV16/18subtype3.In twenty-two positive specimens expressing MDM2mRNA,there were HPV6/11subtype in18,and4were HPV16/18subtype.No expression of MDM2protein and MDM2mRNA was observed in normal skin.Conclusion The overexpression of MDM2may be involved in malignant proliferation and carcinomatous change of condyloma acuminatum.

Objective To investigate the role of costimulatory molecules CD28/B7 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Methods The expression of CD28, CD80 and CD86 was detected in the lesional skin of 22 cases by immunohistochemical technique (ABC), and in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 17 cases by flow cytometry respectively. As control, normal skin and lymphocytes from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers were also tested. Results The immunohistochemistry study showed that the expression of CD28, CD80 and CD86 in the psoriatic lesions was significantly higher than that in the normal controls (P .05). Conclusion CD28, CD80 and CD86 might play a certain role in the pathogenesis in psoriasis.

Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen is a kind of endangered national plant medicine in the northern of Xinjiang,China. It mainly contains sesquiterpene coumarins,sulfides,polysaccharides,aromatic compounds and other effective chemical constitu-tions;Chromatography is used to build the fingerprint and to control the medicine quality in most cases. Both raw plant medicine and specific compounds possess pharmacologic activities such as antibacterial,insecticidal,anti-allergic,and antitumor properties. The present paper summarizes the resource distribution,chemical constituents,fingerprints and pharmacological activities of F. sinkian-gensis,to provide reference for its systematic research,effective quality control and efficient development and utilization.

Objective To determine the serum levels of macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in patients with vitiligo,and to investigate their clinical significance.Methods The serum concentrations of MIF and TNF-α were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay respectively in 66 patients with vitiligo and 30 healthy controls.Results The patients with vitiligo vulgaris showed a significant higher serum level of MIF and TNF-α compared with the healthy controls ((9.56 ± 1.65) vs.(5.18 ± 0.81 ) μg/L,(2.38 ± 0.37) vs.(1.78 ± 0.21 ) μg/L,both P ＜ 0.01 ).There was a positive correlation between the serum level of MIF and TNF-α (r =0.89,P ＜ 0.05).No statistical difference was observed in the serum levels of MIF or TNF-α between the healthy controls and patients with segmental vitiligo (both P ＞ 0.05).The serum level of MIF was significantly higher in patients with progressive vitiligo than in those with stable vitiligo (P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions MIF and TNF-α might play a certain role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo,and MIF may be related to the activity of vitiligo vulgaris.

Objective To observe the effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) on body weight, insulin resistance, hypothalamic agouti gene-related protein (AGRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in diet induced obesity (DIO) rats; To discuss its mechanism for DIO.Methods Fifty SD male rats were randomly divided into low fat diet groups (LFD) and high fat diet group. After the DIO models were established, the successful model rats were randomly divided into model group, EA group and Orlistat (OLST) group. EA was applied to “Zusanli” (ST36) and “Quchi” (LI11) for 20 minutes. The treatment was done once a day for 28 days. OLST was treated with orlistat by gavage. LFD and model did not receive treatment. Body weight was recorded every day. FPG and FINS were detected. The expressions of AGRP and NPY were detected by RT-QPCR. Morphological changes of adipocyte and liver were examined by HE staining.Results The body weight, HOMA-IR, AGRP, NPY and diameter of adipocyte of EA group and OLST group were significantly lower than model group (P<0.05), difference between EA group and OLST group. The states of hepatic steatosis were improved in EA group and OLST group.Conclusion EA has the effects on weight loss by inhibiting the expressions of AGRP and NPY by improving IR.

Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in peripheral blood and lesions of psoriatic patients. Methods Peripheral blood and skin samples were obtained from 30 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 20 normal controls. Flow cytometry was used to detect intracellular c-FLIP protein in peripheral T and B lymphocytes, immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of c-FLIP in lesional tissue. Results Based on the positivity rate of c-FLIP, there was a significant increase in T lymphocytes in active psoriasis compared with regressive psoriasis and normal controls (6.32%±1.17% vs 2.64%±0.74% and 2.28%±0.54%, P＜0.01 and 0.05, respectively), while no significant difference was found in B lymphocytes among these three groups (0.78%±0.16%, 0.71%±0.32%, 0.69%±0.18%, respectively, P＞0.05). The expression intensity of c-FLIP in keratinocytes was also higher in active psoriasis than in regressive psoriasis and normal controls (89.73±5.24 vs 117.40±7.50,121.58±7.93, P＜0.01 and 0.05 respectively), and there was no difference between regressive psoriasis and normal controls (P＞0.05). Conclusions c-FLIP is highly expressed in lesions and peripheral T lymphocytes of patients with active psoriasis, suggesting the possible involvement of c-FLIP in the proliferation of T lymphocytes in psoriasis.

Objective To study the expression of cellular FLICE inhibitory proteins(c-FLIP)in peripheral blood B lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)and its correlation with clinical features.Methods Blood samples were obtained from 53 patients with SLE and 30 normal human controls.Flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to measure the expression of c-FLIP in pefipheral blood B lymphocytes and serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10,respectively.Relevant laboratory examinations were carried out for these patients.SLE disease activity index(SLEDAI)score was calculated for patients.Results The positivity rate of c-FLIP in B lymphocytes was 3.11%±0.70%in 18 patients with active SLE.significantly higher than that in 35 patients with inactive SLE (0.78%±0.28%)and normaI controls(0.68%±0.12%),while no statistical difierence was found between inactive patients and controls(t=1.56,P＞0.05).In SLE patients,the expression of c-FLIP showed a positive correlation with SLEDAl score(r=0.96.P＜0.05),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(r=0.96,P＜0.01),serum level of C reactive protein(r=0.92.P＜0.01)and the titer of antinuclear antibodies(r=0.86,P＜0.01),whereas in 36 patients with leucopenia.a negative correlation was noticed between white blood cell count and the expression level of c-FLIP(r=-0.94,P＜0.0 1).The 23 patients with lupus nephritis had a higher level of c-FLIP than those without lupus nephritis(3.04%±1.09%vs 1.76%±1.09%,t=4.23,P＜0.05).Additionally.the expression of c-FLIP positively correlated with the serum level of IL-4 and IL-10(r=0.80,0.89.respectively,both P＜0.01).Conclusions In patients with active SLE,the expression of c-FLIP is upregulated in peripheral blood B lymphocytes,and positively correlated with the severity of SLE as well as the serum level of IL-4 and IL-10.The upregulation of c-FLIP in B cells might play a certain role in deficient apoptosis or clearance of activated B cells in SLE.

Objective To investigate the expression of glucose transporter type 1(GLUT-1)and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α in psoriatic lesions,and to explore their correlations with keratinocyte proliferation.Methods Biopsy specimens were obtained from 30 patients with psoriasis and 20 normal human controls.Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to examine the protein expression of GLUT-1 and HIF-1α in these specimens.Results GLUT-1 and HIF-1α were mainly expressed in the basal layer of the control skin,but throughout the whole epidermis of psoriatic lesions.A significant increase was observed in the expression of GLUT-1 and HIF-1α in psoriatic lesions compared with that in the control skin (botb P＜0.01).In the case of psoriatic lesions,both the expression of GLUT-1 and HIF-1α was positively correlated with that of Ki-67(r=0.70,0.81 respectively,both P＜0.01),and positive correlation was also found between the expression of GLUT-1 and HIF-1α(r=0.85.P＜0.01).Conclusion Our data suggest that uprcgulation Of GLUT-1 and HIF-1α expression in psoriatic lesions might contribute to the proliferation of keratinocytes and psoriasis development.

Objective To explore the expression of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and major histocompatibility complex class (MHC)-Ⅰ molecule in malignant melanoma cell lines. Methods Three malignant melanoma cell lines, including A375, A875, and KZ28 cells as well as normal melanocytes were cultured. Western blot, reverse transcription PCR and flow cytometry were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of TAP as well as the membrane expression of MHC-Ⅰ in these cells. Results A significant decrease was observed in the expression of TAP mRNA (t = 5.89, 4.45 and 4.57 re-spectively, all P< 0.01) and protein (t= 5.46, 4.32 and 4.67 respectively, all P< 0.01) in A375, A875 and KZ28 cells compared with the melanocytes, with the strongest decrease occurring in A375 cells. Similarly, the expression of MHC-Ⅰ molecule was significantly lower in A375, A875 and KZ28 cells than that in the melanocytes (t= 6.16, 5.22 and 5.61 respectively, all P< 0.01).Conclusions The protein and mRNA expres-sion of TAP is down-regulated in three melanoma cell lines A375, A875 and AZ28, which may contribute to the escape of melanoma cells from human immune surveillance.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Q-switched Alexandrite laser at 752 nm in the treatment of nevus of Ota. Methods A total of 1985 cases of nevus of Ota were treated with the Q-switched Alexandrite laser PhotoGenica HT10, and then the ages, frequency of treatment and interval of treatment were analyzed. Results The excellent effective rate was 97.88 %, and the total effective rate was 100 % in 1985 cases. Most patients in all age group received the excellent effects, however, there was no significant difference between the groups. Most patients acheived the excellent effect after 4 to 5 treatments, and very few patients (0.8 %) needed over 10 treatments; the rate ofpatient who needed 1-3 treatments or 6-10 treatments was 18. 2 % and 25.8 %, respectively. The patients had the most excellent efficacy in the group that the interval of two treatments was 4 to 6months, however, there was no significant difference between the group of the interval of two treatments over 6 months. In our study, there were only a few cases (4.48 %) with slight side reaction,such as temporary pigmentation and hypopigmentation and scar. Conclusions 752 nm Q-switched Alexandrite laser is one of effective and safe treatments for nevus of Ota.