OBJECTIVE:To provide baseline data of safe and rational drug use in pediatrics. METHODS:The pediatrics outpatient prescriptions were randomly selected from pediatric department of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medi-cal University during Mar. 2014-Feb. 2015. The behavior of off-label drug use was determined according to the content of drug instruction. The type of off-label drug use,the relationship of different age groups with various drugs were analyzed. RE-SULTS:A total of 2400 outpatient prescriptions were collected from pediatric department,5115 medication records were ana-lyzed,involving 171 kinds of drugs. By the number of prescriptions,medication records and drug types,the incidence of off-la-bel drug use were 59.08%,40.87% and 80.70%,respectively. The main categories of drug off-label use were off-label dosing frequency(43.03%),off-label dosage(29.55%)and off-label indication(18.83%). The incidence of off-label drug use in in-fants and adolescents ranked the top 2 places,being 67.58%,63.01%. The top-four drugs in the list of the incidence of off-la-bel drug use were drugs for external use(55.56%),drugs for nerve system(54.12%),drugs for respiratory system(48.95%) and nutritional agents(48.09%). CONCLUSIONS:The phenomenon of drug off-label use is widespread in pediatric outpatient prescriptions.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further developing the use of national essential medicine system and formulat-ing the plan for essential medicine that is consistent with the local situation. METHODS:A questionnaire survey was conducted on site to collect the 1 800 medical staffs chosen from 35 community health service institutions in Xinjiang with multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling to investigate the cognition to the national essential medicine,and it was statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. RESULTS:Totally 1 800 questionnaires were sent out and 1 642 were effective received with effective recovery of 91.2%. 26.5% acquired such specialized knowledge through professional training,and 50.0% by books and Internet;62.4% did never participated in training. Only 20.2% shared it for patients. The average score of recognition for the system was(6.09±2.86) scores,which was related to age,education,profession,work experience and the title (P<0.01). 75.2% supported this system. CONCLUSIONS:The basic medical staff just have some know of the concept of national essential medicine,but the understanding is still low. It is suggested to improve the cognition level by seminars and continuing training to strengthen reliability of all ethnic groups on essential medicine,change their bad medication habits,popularize common sense of rational drug use and form a good atmosphere for the implementation of the national essential medicine system in the whole society.

Objective To understand the results and characteristics of targeted monitoring of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)in an intensive care unit (ICU)of a tumor hospital,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating measures of prevention and control of HAI.Methods Patients who admitted to an ICU from January to December 2013 were performed targeted monitoring,incidence of HAI was adjusted with an average severity of illness score (ASIS),three types of invasive procedure-related infection,distribution of pathogens,and multidrug-resistant or-ganisms were monitored.Results A total of 455 patients were monitored,the total patient-days were 2 483 days, 52 cases of HAI occurred,incidence of HAI was 11 .43%,incidence of HAI per 1 000 patient-days was 20.94‰,af-ter the adjustment with ASIS,incidence of HAI per 1 000 patient-days was 6.29‰.The main infection site was re-spiratory system(63.46%),followed by urinary system(19.23%);Incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia per 1 000 ventilation-days,catheter-related bloodstream infection per 1 000 catheter-days,and catheter-associated urinary tract infection per 1 000 urinary catheter days were 12.08‰,0.95‰,and 4.07‰ respectively.A total of 181 path-ogenic isolates were detected,74.59% (n=135)of which were gram-negative bacteria,18.23%(n=33)were gram-positive bacteria,and 7.18%(n=13)were fungi;18.23%(n=33)were multidrug-resistant strains.Conclusion ICU is the high risk department of the occurrence of HAI,the main infection is respiratory tract infection,the major pathogen is gram-negative bacteria.Targeted monitoring can timely reflect the deficiency in infection control practice,is helpful for formula-ting effective prevention and intervention measures,and reducing the occurrence of HAI.

Objective To analyze the regulation of atorvastatin on the Hippo-YAP signaling path-way in rats with chronic heart failure(CHF)and its impact on ventricular remodeling.Methods Six-ty SD rats were randomly divided into control group(administered saline),model group(adminis-tered doxorubicin via intraperitoneal injection to establish a CHF model),low-dose group(adminis-tered 5.6 mg/kg atorvastatin daily)and high-dose group(administered 11.2 mg/kg atorvastatin dai-ly),with 15 rats in each group.The expression levels of YAP,LATS1and LATS2 in the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway were detected in all four groups.The degree of fibrosis in the left ventricular tissue was also assessed.Comparisons were made among the four groups regarding cardiac structural indica-tors such as left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),interventricular septal thickness(IVST)and left ventricular mass index(LVMI),as well as plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and galectin-3(Gal-3).The correlation between the expression levels of YAP,LATS1 as well as LATS2 and ventricular remodeling indicators was evaluated in the model group and atorvasta-tin-treated rats.The relevance of these indicators to the regulation of ventricular remodeling in CHF rats was analyzed.Results The LVEF level in the model group was significantly lower,while IVST,LVMI and LVEDD levels were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The LVEF levels in both the high-dose and low-dose groups were significantly higher than those in the model group,and the high-dose group showed significantly higher LVEF than the low-dose group(P＜0.05).The IVST,LVMI and LVEDD levels in both the high-dose and low-dose groups were significantly lower than those in the model group,and the high-dose group demonstrated significantly lower levels than the low-dose group(P＜0.05).The levels of NT-proBNP,MMP-9 and Gal-3 in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of NT-proBNP,MMP-9 and Gal-3 in both the high-dose and low-dose groups were signifi-cantly lower than those in the model group,and the high-dose group showed significantly lower lev-els than the low-dose group(P＜0.05).The mRNA expression levels of YAP,LATS1 and LATS2 and their protein in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The mRNA expression levels of YAP,LATS1 and LATS2 and their protein in both the high-dose and low-dose groups were significantly lower than those in the model group,and the high-dose group demonstrated significantly lower expression levels than the low-dose group(P＜0.05).The protein expression levels of YAP,LATS1 and LATS2 in the model group and atorvastatin-treated rats were positively correlated with LVEDD,IVST,LVMI,NT-proBNP,MMP-9 as well as Gal-3,and negatively correlated with LVEF(P＜0.05).YAP,LATS1 and LATS2 were negative regulatory factors for ventricular remodeling in CHF rats,and high-dose atorvastatin was identified as aprotec-tive factor(P＜0.05).Conclusion Atorvastatin improves ventricular remodeling in CHF by nega-tively regulating HiPO-YAP signaling pathway,and its effect is dose-dependent.

Objective To analyze the regulation of atorvastatin on the Hippo-YAP signaling path-way in rats with chronic heart failure(CHF)and its impact on ventricular remodeling.Methods Six-ty SD rats were randomly divided into control group(administered saline),model group(adminis-tered doxorubicin via intraperitoneal injection to establish a CHF model),low-dose group(adminis-tered 5.6 mg/kg atorvastatin daily)and high-dose group(administered 11.2 mg/kg atorvastatin dai-ly),with 15 rats in each group.The expression levels of YAP,LATS1and LATS2 in the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway were detected in all four groups.The degree of fibrosis in the left ventricular tissue was also assessed.Comparisons were made among the four groups regarding cardiac structural indica-tors such as left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),interventricular septal thickness(IVST)and left ventricular mass index(LVMI),as well as plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and galectin-3(Gal-3).The correlation between the expression levels of YAP,LATS1 as well as LATS2 and ventricular remodeling indicators was evaluated in the model group and atorvasta-tin-treated rats.The relevance of these indicators to the regulation of ventricular remodeling in CHF rats was analyzed.Results The LVEF level in the model group was significantly lower,while IVST,LVMI and LVEDD levels were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The LVEF levels in both the high-dose and low-dose groups were significantly higher than those in the model group,and the high-dose group showed significantly higher LVEF than the low-dose group(P＜0.05).The IVST,LVMI and LVEDD levels in both the high-dose and low-dose groups were significantly lower than those in the model group,and the high-dose group demonstrated significantly lower levels than the low-dose group(P＜0.05).The levels of NT-proBNP,MMP-9 and Gal-3 in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of NT-proBNP,MMP-9 and Gal-3 in both the high-dose and low-dose groups were signifi-cantly lower than those in the model group,and the high-dose group showed significantly lower lev-els than the low-dose group(P＜0.05).The mRNA expression levels of YAP,LATS1 and LATS2 and their protein in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The mRNA expression levels of YAP,LATS1 and LATS2 and their protein in both the high-dose and low-dose groups were significantly lower than those in the model group,and the high-dose group demonstrated significantly lower expression levels than the low-dose group(P＜0.05).The protein expression levels of YAP,LATS1 and LATS2 in the model group and atorvastatin-treated rats were positively correlated with LVEDD,IVST,LVMI,NT-proBNP,MMP-9 as well as Gal-3,and negatively correlated with LVEF(P＜0.05).YAP,LATS1 and LATS2 were negative regulatory factors for ventricular remodeling in CHF rats,and high-dose atorvastatin was identified as aprotec-tive factor(P＜0.05).Conclusion Atorvastatin improves ventricular remodeling in CHF by nega-tively regulating HiPO-YAP signaling pathway,and its effect is dose-dependent.