A 76-year-old woman required aortic valve replacement due to severe aortic stenosis. She had a huge thyroid cancer, which invaded the innominate and left internal jugular veins. We planned a two-stage operation : the first involved aortic valve replacement ; and the second involved operation of the thyroid cancer. To avoid median sternotomy, we adopted the right parasternal approach. A 7-cm right parasternal skin incision was made. The third and fourth costal cartilages were cut and bent into the right thoracic cavity, without removal of the ribs. The postoperative course was uneventful, and second operation was performed via the median sternotomy approach on postoperative day 53. The right parasternal approach can be used as an alternative when sternotomy is unsuitable in cases of aortic valve replacement.

Anomalous origin of the coronary artery is rare. Various complications have been reported in patients with this anomaly undergoing heart valve surgery. We describe a case of aortic valve stenosis combined with an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery. An 84-year-old man with exertional dyspnea was referred for surgical treatment of severe aortic valve stenosis. Coronary angiography and computed tomography of the coronary artery revealed a coronary arterial anomaly : the left anterior descending coronary artery originated as a branch of the right coronary artery, and the left circumflex artery separately originated from the right coronary sinus and extended behind the aortic annulus. To prevent injury to the anomalous circumflex artery during surgery, the artery was separated from the fatty tissue around the aortic annulus and dissected free from the aortic wall before the performance of transverse aortotomy. The coronary artery exhibited a single orifice that was significantly enlarged. Whether antegrade infusion of the cardioplegic solution could be achieved was difficult to determine. To perform the retrograde infusion, the catheter tip was inserted directly into the coronary sinus from the epicardium because the orifice in the right atrium was lattice-like. Aortic valve replacement was successfully performed with supra-annular prosthesis insertion using a 19-mm Mosaic porcine valve (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The postoperative course was uneventful. When aortic valve replacement is performed for patients with an anomalous coronary artery, careful performance of operative procedures and postoperative observation are considered important for the prevention of specific perioperative complications, such as intraoperative coronary injury or postoperative myocardial ischemic events in patients with an anomalous left circumflex artery.

Essential thrombocythemia is considered one of the chronic myeloproliferative disorders resulting in arterial thromboembolism, venous thrombosis, and bleeding tendency. We report a case of left ventricular aneurysm with successful treatment of the complications of this disease. A 66-year-old man who suddenly experienced right upper limb paralysis was carried to a nearby hospital. Computed tomography revealed multiple cerebral infarctions. An electrocardiogram confirmed findings of old myocardial infarctions in the anteroseptal wall. Echocardiography indicated a left ventricular aneurysm with mobile thrombus. The blood tests showed an abnormally high platelet count of 120×104/μl. His left ventricular thrombus showed an increasing tendency regardless of heparin administration ; thus, he was transferred to our hospital. The resection of the aneurysm and left ventricular restoration was performed emergently to avoid re-embolism. There was a soft thrombus inside the aneurysm at its apex. During cardiopulmonary bypass, the activated clotting time was not prolonged easily. We gave additional heparin and antithrombin III. The patient had no problem with hemostasis or postoperative bleeding. We started low-molecular-weight heparin from the second postoperative day and he was diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia by bone marrow biopsy. We started warfarin and aspirin on the fifth day after surgery. The number of platelets increased to 183×104/μl on the 8th day ; thus, oral administration of hydroxycarbamide was started. His platelet count fell to less than 100×104/μl around 3 weeks after surgery and he was discharged on the 34th day without new embolisms.

We report a case of debranching thoracic endovascular aortic repair for Kommerell's diverticulum with right-sided aortic arch in 78-year-old women. The computed tomography (CT) demonstrated Kommerell's diverticulum with a right-sided aortic arch and the trachea and esophagus were compressed by the diverticulum. The diverticulum had a maximum diameter of 32 mm, and surgical intervention was chosen because of the aneurysmal change and the possibility of rupture. We performed endovascular aortic repair for Kommerell's diverticulum with a right-sided aortic arch because of low lung function and low frailty. The patient was discharged on the 21st postoperative day. There was no evidence of aortic event during 2 years follow up.