Purpose
 Every year, a lot of training programs by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) are conducted in Japan. However, the method of monitoring and evaluation of those trainings are not always conducted other than simple questionnaire survey. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the significance of daily recording and analysis of the trainee’s voice as a way of the improvement of the quality of training.
 Bureau of International Cooperation in National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) conducted detailed monitoring and evaluation for “JICA training for Maternal and Child Health in French speaking African countries in 2009” which NCGM itself had planned training curriculum and implemented the training. The key word of this training was “Continuum of care”. At the end of the 5 weeks training, NCGM expected the trainees to obtain comprehensive understanding of continuum of care, especially two different perspectives, which were “the health system” and “the dignity of individual client”.
Method
 NCGM training team kept recording the trainee’s voice, then analyzed them every day during five weeks’ training. At the end of the training course, the team divided trainee’s voice into several categories, and then analyzed their time-dependent change.
Results
 The everyday recording and analysis of the trainee’s voice made NCGM training team possible to differentiate the trainee’s fundamental interest and understanding from simple guesses or curiosity. Based on the result of daily analysis, the training team could introduce unscheduled discussion or fine-tuned the contents of lectures for better understanding of trainees. The trainees’ interpretation about “continuum of care” showed obvious change before and after the training. The active learning program by using Laboratory method gave deeper impact on trainees than the expectation of training team. At the end of training course, the trainees formulated concrete and detailed action plans. The purpose of their action plans was to establish the continuum of care from aspects of both “the health system” and “the dignity of individual client” by analyzing the existing stakeholders and institutions, and ensuring a collaborative linkage among them, which were exactly the expected outcome.
Conclusion
 Daily recording and analysis of the trainee’s voice was effective and useful to monitor the training. The comprehensive analysis at the end of training course revealed the short impact of the training on trainees, which could be used as a self evaluation tool for the training team.
 NCGM plans to visit the trainees’ workplace in their home countries for middle and long term monitoring and evaluation. The results will be feed backed into the training curriculum of next year.

Introduction
 Even though many oversea training programs end in developing an action plan from what they learned during the course, follow-up opportunities are quite limited. Group training program on maternal and child health for Francophone African countries are conducted in Japan since 2003, organized by National Center for Global Health and Medicine and funded by Japan International Cooperation Agency. Follow-up activities in Senegal and Benin are reported with lessons learned.
Methods
 Training organizer team made a semi-structured interview with 11 trainees, 6 superintendents and 4 Japanese advisors, asking “Do trainees implement what they planned at the end of the training course in Japan? If not, what are the difficulties implementing their plans?”Organizer team also provided some interventions to solve the problems they faced.
Results
 In Senegal, actions were not implemented yet, because plans were shared neither with their superintendents nor with Japanese advisors working with trainees as project counterparts. Organizer team set up a meeting with all stakeholders to clarify the objectives and outcomes of the training course within the concept of the project. This process made the superintendents understand and support the action plans, and facilitated to start implementing them. In Benin, trainees started activities by themselves based on their action plan under a small financial support from a Japanese advisor. It was rather easy, because they were decision makers of a hospital, but they faced difficulties to manage the staff to continue the activities. Organizer team encouraged them to continue the activities during the meeting in the hospital.
Conclusions
 Appropriate participants can be selected and training could be effective, when cooperation project are well defined and the role of advisors is clear in the follow-up. Involvement of decision makers or superintendents for the selection and follow-up process can be a contributing factor to improve the effectiveness of the training.

We have investigated that individual properties and irritability to the electrical stimulation of Wenliu (Li-7) were determined by acupuncture of Hegu (Li-4) and Quchi (Li-11) as the strength-duration relations.
Results showed that reobase (27.8±1.09V, n=114), utilization time (1.38±0.13ms, n=114) and chronaxie (0.031±0.002ms, n=114), were interestingly similar as previous results of in vitro studies.
Value of chronaxie of female subjects (0.021±0.001ms, n=21) was significantly lower than male (0.053±0.010ms, n=36). So that acupuncture stimulation influenced to the chronaxie.
Hegu stimulation significantly (p<0.05) shortend than Quchi stimulation as compared to intact control group.
These results might be suggested that it has to considered responses to stimulation in the sex differences when determination of acupuncture effects in the clinical and/or research studies.

Apoptosis, the cell's intrinsic death program, plays a crucial role in the regulation of tissue homeostasis, and abnormal inhibition of apoptosis is an indicator of cancer and autoimmune diseases, whereas excessive cell death is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using cDNA subtraction analysis, we compared p60TRP (p60 transcription regulator protein) expressing cells with control cells during the process of apoptosis and we identified the new zinc-finger protein p48ZnF that is predominantly located in the cytoplasm of the cell. Additionally, we demonstrate here that p48ZnF is up-regulated in rat neuronal PC12 cells upon stimulation with the neurotrophic factor NGF (50 ng/ml). These findings point to a possible pivotal role of p48ZnF in the control of neuronal survival.
Alzheimer Disease/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autoimmune Diseases/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Biological Markers ; CHO Cells ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Hamsters ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*biosynthesis ; PC12 Cells ; RNA, Messenger/*biosynthesis ; Rats ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Transcription Factors/*biosynthesis/*genetics ; Transfection ; Zinc Fingers/*genetics