1.Heartburn, Functional Dyspepsia, Anxiety/Depression, and Sleep Disturbances Are Associated With Clinically Significant Belching
Yasuhiro FUJIWARA ; Masatsugu OKUYAMA ; Yasuaki NAGAMI ; Koichi TAIRA ; Hirotaka ISHIZU ; Osamu TAKAISHI ; Hiroshi SATO ; Toshio WATANABE
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2021;27(4):581-587
Background/Aims:
Belching is the act of expelling gas from the stomach or esophagus noisily through the oral cavity. Although it is a physiological phenomenon, belching may also be a symptom of upper gastrointestinal diseases such as reflux esophagitis and functional dyspepsia (FD). A detailed epidemiology of belching has not yet been reported. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of clinically significant belching (CSB) in adults.
Methods:
We analyzed 1998 subjects who visited the hospital for annual health checkups. Belching was evaluated by a simple question “Do you burp a lot?” and scored as 0 (never), 1 (occasionally), 2 (sometimes), 3 (often), or 4 (always). Subjects with CSB were defined ashaving scores ≥ 3. We also collected the clinical parameters, endoscopic findings, and data according to the Athens Insomnia Scale, Rome IV questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
Results:
Of the 1998 subjects, 121 (6.1%) had CSB. Subjects with CSB had FD more commonly than reflux esophagitis, but presence of heartburn was high (10.7% vs 3.1%). In addition, the HADS and Athens Insomnia Scale scores in subjects with CSB were significantly higher than those in subjects without CSB. Presence of heartburn (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.05-4.09), presence of FD (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.33-3.36), anxiety/depression (OR, 2.29; 95% CI 1.51-3.45), and sleep disturbances (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.14-2.61) were significantly associated with CSB.
Conclusion
The detailed epidemiology of belching in the general adult population was clarified.
2.Endoscopic Biopsy Technique using an Alcohol Swab to Prevent Transmission through the Instrument Channel in the COVID-19 Era
Shusei FUKUNAGA ; Taku MANABE ; Mitsuhiro KONO ; Tadashi OCHIAI ; Akira HIGASHIMORI ; Masaki OMINAMI ; Yasuaki NAGAMI ; Yasuhiro FUJIWARA
Clinical Endoscopy 2021;54(5):771-773
3.Heartburn, Functional Dyspepsia, Anxiety/Depression, and Sleep Disturbances Are Associated With Clinically Significant Belching
Yasuhiro FUJIWARA ; Masatsugu OKUYAMA ; Yasuaki NAGAMI ; Koichi TAIRA ; Hirotaka ISHIZU ; Osamu TAKAISHI ; Hiroshi SATO ; Toshio WATANABE
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2021;27(4):581-587
Background/Aims:
Belching is the act of expelling gas from the stomach or esophagus noisily through the oral cavity. Although it is a physiological phenomenon, belching may also be a symptom of upper gastrointestinal diseases such as reflux esophagitis and functional dyspepsia (FD). A detailed epidemiology of belching has not yet been reported. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of clinically significant belching (CSB) in adults.
Methods:
We analyzed 1998 subjects who visited the hospital for annual health checkups. Belching was evaluated by a simple question “Do you burp a lot?” and scored as 0 (never), 1 (occasionally), 2 (sometimes), 3 (often), or 4 (always). Subjects with CSB were defined ashaving scores ≥ 3. We also collected the clinical parameters, endoscopic findings, and data according to the Athens Insomnia Scale, Rome IV questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
Results:
Of the 1998 subjects, 121 (6.1%) had CSB. Subjects with CSB had FD more commonly than reflux esophagitis, but presence of heartburn was high (10.7% vs 3.1%). In addition, the HADS and Athens Insomnia Scale scores in subjects with CSB were significantly higher than those in subjects without CSB. Presence of heartburn (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.05-4.09), presence of FD (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.33-3.36), anxiety/depression (OR, 2.29; 95% CI 1.51-3.45), and sleep disturbances (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.14-2.61) were significantly associated with CSB.
Conclusion
The detailed epidemiology of belching in the general adult population was clarified.
4.Endoscopic Biopsy Technique using an Alcohol Swab to Prevent Transmission through the Instrument Channel in the COVID-19 Era
Shusei FUKUNAGA ; Taku MANABE ; Mitsuhiro KONO ; Tadashi OCHIAI ; Akira HIGASHIMORI ; Masaki OMINAMI ; Yasuaki NAGAMI ; Yasuhiro FUJIWARA
Clinical Endoscopy 2021;54(5):771-773