1.SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) Variant:A Unique T478K Mutation in Receptor Binding Motif (RBM) of Spike Gene
Hyunjhung JHUN ; Ho-Young PARK ; Yasmin HISHAM ; Chang-Seon SONG ; Soohyun KIM
Immune Network 2021;21(5):e32-
Over two hundred twenty-eight million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the world have been reported until the 21st of September 2021 after the first rise in December 2019. The virus caused the disease called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Over 4 million deaths blame COVID-19 during the last one year and 8 months in the world. Currently, four SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are mainly focused by pandemic studies with limited experiments to translate the infectivity and pathogenicity of each variant. The SARS-CoV-2 α, β, γ, and δ variant of concern was originated from United Kingdom, South Africa, Brazil/Japan, and India, respectively. The classification of SARS-CoV-2 variant is based on the mutation in spike (S) gene on the envelop of SARS-CoV-2. This review describes four SARS-CoV-2 α, β, γ, and δ variants of concern including SARS-CoV-2 ε, ζ, η, ι, κ, and B.1.617.3 variants of interest and alert. Recently, SARS-CoV-2 δ variant prevails over different countries that have 3 unique mutation sites: E156del/R158G in the N-terminal domain and T478K in a crucial receptor binding domain. A particular mutation in the functional domain of the S gene is probably associated with the infectivity and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 variant.
2.Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Diagnosis and Psychological Impact in Two Adolescents, A Case Report
Salma Yasmin Mohd Yusuf ; Mazapuspavina Md Yasin ; Akmal Zulayla Mohd Zahid ; Akmal Hisham Arshad ; Khariah Mat Nor
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2022;18(No.1):365-368
This case report illustrates two cases of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) which is a rare form of sexual development disorder. Both presented with primary amenorrhea at the age of 18 and 19 years old. The hormonal
profiles ruled out hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, and primary ovarian failure. Magnetic resonance imaging of
both patients showed the absence of uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, but the presence of proximal 1/3rd of the vagina. There is a single testis in the left inguinal region with unknown status of spermatogenesis. Women with CAIS
are vulnerable to various psychological conditions caused by the appalling fact of being genotypically male when
they have been raised female all their life. The gender confusion, reproductive issues, and how others perceive them
require sensitive support. Hence, accentuate the need to explore and address the emotional, psychological, and psychiatric vulnerabilities, religious and spiritual beliefs in issues of relationships, infertility, and conception.