The operational main body,fund source,information source and its assessment,service contents and forms of the major medical and health information service platforms for the public in United Kingdom,USA,Canada and Australia were compared and analyzed with suggestions put forward for establishing government-led non-profitable medical and health information service platforms,namely enlarging the depth and width of medical and health information service,promoting the assessment of information service on the platforms by the third party,enforcing the management of medical and health information service platforms,improving the interaction and feedback between website maintenance staff and users,and strengthening the construction of digital medical service system.

As an important part of the construction of national emergency management system, emergency material support is the material basis and important guarantee for the smooth implementation of emergency work. In the face of the outbreak and spread of COVID-19, China′s public health emergency management system and emergency management system have achieved certain results in epidemic prevention and control, but also exposed some shortcomings. The authors summarized the management experience and existing problems of China′s emergency medical materials in storage, production, transportation and deployment during the COVID-19 epidemic, and discussed the management path and method of emergency medical materials in peacetime and wartime, which should be jointly built by the government, society, enterprises and the public. The following suggestions are put forward: multi agent participation in expanding the scope and scale of emergency medical supplies reserve, refining and adjusting the inventory and structure of emergency medical supplies reserve; establishing a supply chain list of emergency medical supplies to ensure the " wartime" production capacity; establishing a comprehensive management information platform for medical materials with " peacetime and wartime integration" ; and improving the awareness and ability of community and family′s " peacetime" medical material reserve.

Treating patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is challenging due to the high chemoresistance. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is crucial in the development of various types of tumors and negatively related to the prognosis of ESCC patients according to our previous research. In this study, the link between GDF15 and chemotherapy resistance in ESCC was further explored. The relationship between GDF15 and the chemotherapy response was investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies. ESCC patients with high levels of GDF15 expression showed an inferior chemotherapeutic response. GDF15 improved the tolerance of ESCC cell lines to low-dose cisplatin by regulating AKT phosphorylation via TGFBR2. Through an in vivo study, we further validated that the anti-GDF15 antibody improved the tumor inhibition effect of cisplatin. Metabolomics showed that GDF15 could alter cellular metabolism and enhance the expression of UGT1A. AKT and TGFBR2 inhibition resulted in the reversal of the GDF15-induced expression of UGT1A, indicating that TGFBR2-AKT pathway-dependent metabolic pathways were involved in the resistance of ESCC cells to cisplatin. The present investigation suggests that a high level of GDF15 expression leads to ESCC chemoresistance and that GDF15 can be targeted during chemotherapy, resulting in beneficial therapeutic outcomes.
Humans ; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/drug therapy* ; Cisplatin/metabolism* ; Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics* ; Growth Differentiation Factor 15/therapeutic use* ; Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/therapeutic use* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic