[ABSTRACT] SET domain-containing protein 2 (SETD 2), an epigenetic gene encoding a tri-methyltransferase of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36), has been found to be recurrently mutated in a variety of malignancies in the past few decades. SETD2 mutation was firstly identified in solid tumors including renal clear cell carcinoma, glioma and breast cancer, then recently found in multiple hematological malignancies. Increasing evidences have revealed that SETD2 played a pivotal role in regulating the functions of hematopoietic stem cells and the normal development of hematopoietic system. Inactivating mutations of SETD2 can promote the pathogenesis of myeloid, lymphoid leukemia and lymphoma as well as the development of therapeutic resistance. Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying SETD2-associated hematological malignancies and drug resistance is of great significance for the innovations of diagnosis and treatment methods. In this review, the progress of SETD2 in hematological malignancies are elaborated.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation (MV).Methods Data of 42 patients supported with MV in intensive care unit (ICU) admitted to the Rui Jin Hospital from January through December in 2014 were retrospectively analyzed,and the causes for MV were recorded.According to the outcomes of weaning from MV after 48 hours,the patients were divided into two groups namely success group and failure group.Comparisons of fluid balance in 72 hours before spontaneous breathing trial (SBT),and comparisons of NT-proBNP1 levels at admission,NT-proBNP2 levels before SBT,NT-proBNP3 levels after 48 hours after SBT between two groups were carried out.And the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting weaning rate was plotted to find the optimal cut-off point of NT-proBNP2.Results In the total of 42 patients,there were 27 cases in success group and 15 cases in failure group.There were not statistically differences of NT-proBNP1 levels between success group and failure group (P =0.121).However,the NT-proBNP2 levels and NT-proBNP3 levels in failure group were significantly higher than those in success group (P =0.01,0.003).The area under curve (AUC) of the ROC curve of NT-proBNP2 levels to predict the failure of weaning was 0.862 (95％ CI:0.753-0.971).When the optimal cut-off point of NT-proBNP2 was 715.5 pg/mL,the sensitivity and specificity were 93.3％ and 74.1％,respectively.Conclusion The NT-proBNP2 levels before SBT have predictive value in weaning rate,and it can be used as one of the screening indicators for weaning.

Objective To study the effect of contusion and exhaustive exercise on satellite cells' activation and Pax7/CBF1/DAPT contents in skeletal muscles of rats,and reveal the repair mechanism of the skeletal muscle injury.Methods Twenty-four seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into a control(C)group,an immediately after exhaustive exercise(E0)group,a 24 hours after exhaustive exercise(E24)group and a 48 hours after exhaustive exercise(E48)group,each of 6.Other 18 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,6 rats in each group:an immediately after contusion group(D0),a 24h post-contusion group(D24)and a 48h post-contusion group(D48).All groups were killed at different time points after exhaustive exercise and the contusion respectively while the control group was at resting state,and their serum was extracted.The right gastrocnemius muscles were resected and divided into 2 parts:one was used immediately for culturing satellite cells,while the other was stored in the bridge at-80℃.All the serum and gastrocnemius muscles were tested for Pax7,CBF1 and DAPT contents using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Moreover,three-day-old newborn rats were also slaughtered for the above experiment.Results The results of culture in vitro showed that one day after the culture began a small amount of spindle satellite cells could be seen in the newborn rats,but the satellite cells of other groups were growing slowly.However,on the third day and the fifth day,the spindle satellite cells of each group began to proliferate in quantity and reached the peak.Then all the satellite cells had a good proliferation until the seventh day after serial passage,and some patial fusions to microtubules occurred.The biggest cell number and proliferation rate was in newborn rats,but no skeletal muscle satellite cell was found in the control group.At the same time,the number and the proliferation rate of skeletal muscle satellite cells in contusion groups were significantly higher than the exhaustive exercise groups.The results of Elisa showed that the contents of CBF1 and Pax7 in skeletal muscles in exhaustive groups and contusion groups,were significantly upregulated,compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Amomg them,the CBF1 content in group D0,together with the Pax7 content in group D24 and D48,was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P＜0.05).On the other hand,the content of DAPT in skeletal muscles of exhaustive groups and contusion groups,compared to the control group,was significantly downregulated (P＜0.05).To be more specific,the value of group D0 was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in it among group E0,E24 and E48.Conclusions Contusion and exhaustive exercise can activate the skeletal muscle satellite cells to proliferate and differentiate.The number of activated skeletal muscle satellite cells in the contusion groups is significantly larger than that of exhaustive groups maybe due to the stronger stimulating by contusion.Both contusion and exhaustive exercise increase the contents of Pax7 and CBF1 in skeletal muscles,but decrease that of DAPT.The Pax7 and CBF1 may play a positive regulating role in terms of activating skeletal satellite cells and repairing skeletal muscle injury,while DAPT may play a negative regulating role.

Purpose: Drug resistance is one of the main causes of chemotherapy failure in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and extensive biological studies into chemotherapy drug resistance are required. Materials and Methods: In this study, we performed lncRNA microarray, in vitro functional assays, in vivo models and cDNA microarray to evaluate the impact of lncRNA in SCLC chemoresistance. Results: The results showed that KCNQ1OT1 expression was upregulated in SCLC tissues and was a poor prognostic factor for patients with SCLC. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, chemoresistance and promoted apoptosis of SCLC cells. Mechanistic investigation showed that KCNQ1OT1 can activate transforming growth factor-β1 mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in SCLC cells. Conclusion Taken together, our study revealed the role of KCNQ1OT1 in the progression and chemoresistance of SCLC, and suggested KCNQ1OT1 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in SCLC clinical management.

Objective To analysis the relationship of primary aldosteronism to insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with primary aldosteronism.Methods One hundred and three patients were diagnosed as aldosterone-producing adenoma(APA),75 cases as idiopathic hyperaldosterenism(IHA),56 patients as metabolic syndrome(MS)in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2003 to December 2005.All patients were accepted 3 h oral glucose tolerance test and calculated HOMA-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)by Homeostasis Model.Results The Insulin area under curve[INS_(AUC) 270.8(192.7,370.4)mU?L~(-1)?h~(-1)]、HOMA-IR[3.2(2.4,4.7)]and prevalence of insulin resistance(64.3%)were significantly higher in patients with MS as compared with APA[113.2(81.5,193.6)mU?L~(-1)?h~(-1),1.4(1.0,2.2),16.5%]and IHA[186.9(116.6,243.3)mU?L~(-1)?h~(-1),2.0(1.4,3.1),32.0%]groups (all P＜0.01);The INS_(AUC), HOMA-IR and prevalence of insulin resistance were significantly higher in patients with IHA than those with APA (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).There was no difference between the prevalence of impaired glucose regulation(41.7%, 34.7%),diabetes mellitus(15.5%,16.0%)in patients with APA,IHA and those with MS(41.1%, 26.8%).Conclusion Insulin resistance is present in primary aldosteronism patients,and the prevalence of insulin resistance is higher in patients with IHA.

Objective:To explore the correlation between medical narrative ability, empathy ability and general self-efficacy of clinical nurses.Methods:A total of 106 clinical nurses from Jiaozuo People's Hospital were selected as the research object by convenient sampling. The Narrative Competence Scale, Empathy Ability Scale and General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) were used to investigate and analyze the correlation of clinical nurses' medical narrative ability, empathy ability and general self-efficacy.Results:Among 106 clinical nurses, the scores of the Narrative Competence Scale, Empathy Ability Scale and GSES were (149.38±21.03) , (108.89±16.32) , and (24.31±5.17) respectively. The medical narrative ability of clinical nurses was positively correlated with empathy ability and general self-efficacy ( r=0.627, 0.569; P<0.001) , and empathy ability was positively correlated with general self-efficacy ( r=0.518, P<0.001) . Conclusions:The medical narrative ability, empathy ability and general self-efficacy of clinical nurses are positively correlated, suggesting that the training and management of clinical nurses should be strengthened to promote the improvement of their various abilities.

Objective:To observe the changes of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) and fat-free mass and analyze the relationship between them in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) during radiotherapy.Methods:A convenient sampling method was adopted to select HNC patients who received radiotherapy in the outpatient clinic of department of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer in a cancer hospital in Beijing from March 2017 to January 2020. The nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) were assessed by a nutrition impact symptoms checklist and the fat free mass was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis at three time points: before radiotherapy (T1), during radiotherapy (T2) and at the end of radiotherapy (T3). The Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) was used to analyze the relationship between them.Results:A total of 542 HNC patients were included in the analysis. During radiotherapy, the patients' NIS number and score presented an increasing trend, reaching the highest level and peaked at the end of radiotherapy. The change of fat-free mass showed a decreasing trend and reached the minimum at the end of radiotherapy. Patients with higher NIS scores had more percentage loss of fat-free mass.Conclusions:During radiotherapy, patients with HNC showed an increase in NIS score and lost fat-free mass. Patients with higher NIS score lost more percentage of fat-free mass, which suggested that clinical medical staff should pay attention to NIS management and take comprehensive intervention measures in time to reduce the loss of fat-free mass.

Objective To investigate the long-term efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) with portal hypertension. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 102 patients who received TIPS in Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from January 2015 to August 2021, and these patients were divided into PBC group with 41 patients and viral hepatitis cirrhosis group with 81 patients. Related indicators were collected, including routine blood test results, liver and renal function, coagulation function, portal vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy, and etiology of TIPS treatment shortly after admission, preoperative portal venous pressure, and stents used in surgery, and Child-Pugh score was calculated. Follow-up data were collected and analyzed, including postoperative upper gastrointestinal rebleeding, stent dysfunction, hepatic encephalopathy, and the data on survival and prognosis. The independent samples t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis. Results In the PBC group and the viral hepatitis cirrhosis group, the median percentage of reduction in portal venous pressure after surgery was 33.00% and 35.00%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05). At the end of follow-up, there were no significant differences between the PBC group and the viral hepatitis cirrhosis group in stent dysfunction rate (14.63% vs 24.69%, χ 2 =1.642, P > 0.05), upper gastrointestinal rebleeding rate (17.07% vs 24.69%, χ 2 =0.917, P > 0.05), the incidence rate of overt hepatic encephalopathy (12.20% vs 7.41%, χ 2 =0.289, P > 0.05), and disease-specific death rate (14.63% vs 9.88%, χ 2 =0.229, P > 0.05). Conclusion For PBC patients with portal hypertension, TIPS can achieve the same efficacy as the treatment of portal hypertension caused by viral hepatitis cirrhosis and can also effectively reduce portal hypertension without increasing the incidence rate of complications and disease-specific death rate. Therefore, it is a safe and effective treatment method.