Objective To observe the intervene effects of montmorillonite powder and mannitol on rat with acute paraquat poi-soning by intragastric administration .Methods 40 male SD rats were divided into four groups randomly ,control group(C) ,pa-raquat group(P) ,PT1 groups were treated with montmorillonite powder and mannitol gavage after paraquat exposure one hour ,PT2 group was treated after paraquat exposure four hours .P ,PT1 ,and PT2 groups were exposed to paraquat 50 mg/kg .one and four hour later ,PT1 and PT2 group rats were given 7 g/kg montmorillonite-mannitol solution respectively ,C group and P group with sa-line instead .then to observe general state in rats .Give rats run training before and after intragastric administration ,comparison the fall times from the treadmill among groups before and 5 ,10 ,15 days after administration ,rats were killed in 15 th days exposed pa-raquat ,collect their lung tissue ,hydroxyproline content were measured in lung tissue of rat by alkaline hydrolysis ,observe the path-ological changes by HE staining in rat lungs .Results the general condition were poor in P ,PT1 and PT2 group rats .And those mean food intakes were significantly lower than the control group (P<0 .01) .there are no significant of the weight gain and the fall times from the treadmill before and 5 th ,10 th after administration among four groups(P>0 .05) ,but P group′s fall times increased significantly than the others group′s at 15 th day after exposed(P< 0 .05) .the all group rat lung tissue hydroxyproline overall difference significant(P<0 .01) ,from the two-two compared results ,three paraquat exposed groups higher than control group ,and P group also higher than PT1 and PT2 group(P<0 .05) .From the lung tissue slices ,P ,PT1 and PT2 group showed significant pul-monary fibrosis than C group ,and the P group′s was the most severe .Conclusion Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis may be alleviated by early use of montmorillonite powder and mannitol on paraquat poisoning rats .

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.25.014

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of parents ’ perception of whether their child is a picky eater and the specific food category the children avoideating according to the food frequency question-naire.Methods:This research selected 1 663 infants aged 4-36 months receiving non-diary complimen-tary food from maternal, infants, nutrition and growth study (MING Study) in 8 Chinese cities in which a combination of systematic cluster random sampling and purposive sampling was used .The general infor-mation, dietary status and picky eating status were collected through a self-designed questionnaire from the caregiver of the children .According to the parents ’ perception , the children were classified into picky/non-picky groups or avoid/non-avoid to a specific food category groups .Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare between the groups .Results: The reported percentage of picky eaters increased from 7.37%in 4-6 months old infants to 36.20%in 25-36 months old infants .Most picky infants in 4-6 months and 7-12 months old infants avoided eating dairy food ( 25% and 24%); while most picky toddlers aged 13-24 months and 25-36 months avoided eating vegetables (26.92% and 47.46%). The infants aged 4-6 months and 7-12 months who were perceived as picky by their parents took more kinds of food (8 and 19.5 kinds) than those who were not (6 and 18 kinds), while the picky toddlers aged 13-24 months and 25-36 months took fewer kinds of food (28.5 and 34 kinds for picky eaters, 31 and 37 kinds for non-picky eaters ) .The parents of infants aged 4-6 months judged correctly in every category of food without any statistical significance;the parents of 7-12 months old infants judged cor-rectly only in dairy food and eggs with statistical significance;those of 13-24 months old infants judged correctly in every food category except for vegetables with statistically significant difference in the category of eggs;those of 25-36 months old toddlers misjudged in dairy , beans and grains with no statistically significant difference in every category .Conclusion: Parents tend to misjudge their children ’ s picky eating behavior before the first 12 months of the child , and tend to make a more accurate perception after the 12th month.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of CT fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) for myocardial bridging-related ischemia using dynamic CT myocardial perfusion imaging (CT-MPI) as a reference standard. Materials and Methods: Dynamic CT-MPI and coronary CT angiography (CCTA) data obtained from 498 symptomatic patients were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy-five patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 62.7 ± 13.2 years; 48 males) who showed myocardial bridging in the left anterior descending artery without concomitant obstructive stenosis on the imaging were included. The change in CT-FFR across myocardial bridging (ΔCT-FFR, defined as the difference in CT-FFR values between the proximal and distal ends of the myocardial bridging) in different cardiac phases, as well as other anatomical parameters, were measured to evaluate their performance for diagnosing myocardial bridging-related myocardial ischemia using dynamic CT-MPI as the reference standard (myocardial blood flow < 100 mL/100 mL/min or myocardial blood flow ratio ≤ 0.8). Results: ΔCT-FFRsystolic (ΔCT-FFR calculated in the best systolic phase) was higher in patients with vs. without myocardial bridging-related myocardial ischemia (median [interquartile range], 0.12 [0.08–0.17] vs. 0.04 [0.01–0.07], p < 0.001), while CT-FFR systolic (CT-FFR distal to the myocardial bridging calculated in the best systolic phase) was lower (0.85 [0.81–0.89] vs. 0.91 [0.88–0.96], p = 0.043). In contrast, ΔCT-FFRdiastolic (ΔCT-FFR calculated in the best diastolic phase) and CT-FFR diastolic (CT-FFR distal to the myocardial bridging calculated in the best diastolic phase) did not differ significantly. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that ΔCT-FFRBsystolic had largest area under the curve (0.822; 95% confidence interval, 0.717–0.901) for identifying myocardial bridging-related ischemia. ΔCT-FFRsystolic had the highest sensitivity (91.7%) and negative predictive value (NPV) (97.8%). ΔCT-FFRdiastolic had the highest specificity (85.7%) for diagnosing myocardial bridging-related ischemia. The positive predictive values of all CT-related parameters were low. Conclusion ΔCT-FFR systolic reliably excluded myocardial bridging-related ischemia with high sensitivity and NPV. Myocardial bridging showing positive CT-FFR results requires further evaluation.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of microvascular myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and its relationship with angina. Materials and Methods: Diabetic patients and an intermediate-to-high pretest probability of CAD were prospectively enrolled. Non-diabetic patients but with an intermediate-to-high pretest probability of CAD were retrospectively included as controls. The patients underwent dynamic computed tomography-myocardial perfusion imaging (CT-MPI) and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to quantify coronary stenosis, myocardial blood flow (MBF), and extracellular volume (ECV). The proportion of patients with microvascular myocardial ischemia, defined as any myocardial segment with a mean MBF ≤ of 100 mL/min/100 mL, in patients without obstructive CAD (Coronary Artery Disease–Reporting and Data System [CAD-RADS] grade 0–2 on CCTA) was determined. Various quantitative parameters of the patients with and without diabetes without obstructive CAD were compared. Multivariable analysis was used to determine the association between microvascular myocardial ischemia and angina symptoms in diabetic patients without obstructive CAD. Results: One hundred and fifty-two diabetic patients (mean age: 59.7 ± 10.7; 77 males) and 266 non-diabetic patients (62.0 ± 12.3; 167 males) were enrolled; CCTA revealed 113 and 155 patients without obstructive CAD, respectively. For patients without obstructive CAD, the mean global MBF was significantly lower for those with diabetes than for those without (152.8 mL/min/100 mL vs. 170.4 mL/min/100 mL, P < 0.001). The mean ECV was significantly higher for diabetic patients (27.2% vs. 25.8%, P = 0.009). Among the patients without obstructive CAD, the incidence of microvascular myocardial ischemia (36.3% [41/113] vs. 10.3% [16/155], P < 0.001) and interstitial fibrosis (69.9% [79/113] vs. 33.3% [8/24], P = 0.001) were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in the controls. The presence of microvascular myocardial ischemia was independently associated with angina symptoms (adjusted odds ratio = 3.439, P = 0.037) in diabetic patients but without obstructive CAD. Conclusion Dynamic CT-MPI + CCTA revealed a high incidence of microvascular myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients without obstructive CAD. Microvascular myocardial ischemia is strongly associated with angina.

OBJECTIVETo investigate MUC2 expression in rat colons induced by probiotics and its effects on the inhibition of E.coli K1 (E44) penetration of the intestinal barrier by probiotics.

METHODSSD rats were subjected to intragastric administration of probiotics, E44, or probiotics +E44 on a daily basis for 7 days, and MUC2 expression in the colons was determined by RT-PCR. MUC2-targeted shRNA (shRNA MUC2) and scrambled shRNA plasmids (shRNA NC) were respectively transfected into Lovo cells, and the efficiency of MUC2 knockdown was determined using qRT-PCR. Competitive exclusion assay was used to evaluate the effects of the probiotics against E44 adhesion and invasion.

RESULTSIntestinal MUC2 mRNA expression was up-regulated in the rats after intragastric administration of probiotics, while E44 administration caused significantly lowered MUC2 expression. MUC2 expression was down-regulated (by 66.7%) by transfection with shRNA MUC2 in Lovo cells as compared with the negative control and mock control cells. The inhibition of E44 adherence and invasion by probiotics was significantly attenuated in transfected Lovo cell culture (in which the relative adhesion and invasion rates of E44 were 56.64% and 66.64%, respectively) as compared with those in the control group.

CONCLUSIONThe up-regulation of MUC2 in rat colons can be one of the mechanisms of the probiotics in antagonizing the translocation of the pathogenic bacteria. Silencing MUC2 expression causes attenuated inhibitory effect of the probiotics on E. coli K1 penetration across human intestinal epithelial cells.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colon ; drug effects ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Escherichia coli ; pathogenicity ; Escherichia coli Infections ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Mucin-2 ; genetics ; Probiotics ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transfection

Objective To get well-informed of the current status of emergency training in primary hospitals in Sichuan Province and to find weaknesses in the system in order to provide scientific basis for emergency knowledge and skills training.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method as adopted and an anonymous questionnaire survey method was conducted to investigate the basic circumstances of the current training and the training needs of 1 000 emergency medical staff in 9 regions throughout Sichuan Province.Results The scope of the survey covered emergency doctors,nurses and technicians in hospitals of Grade Ⅱ,Grade Ⅲ and below.A total of 1 000 surveys were sent out and 983 were recovered.The questionnaire completion rate was 98.3％.The respondents mainly worked for more than 10 years,most of which with Bachelor degree,junior and intermediate titles.Results of the survey showed,63.1％ Most respondents have only one or two training opportunities per year.The training methods are mainly continuing education (59.0％,580 trips),training organized within the unit (58.5％,575 trips),and training organized by health administrative units (39.3％,386 trips).The main contents of the training are:basic professional skills learning (66.7％,655 trips),basic professional theoretical study (59.2％,582 trips),and new emergency technology (42.5％,418 trips),only 32.0％ of the respondents believe that these methods meet the practical needs.The main factors that influence participation in the training were:not be arranged by employer (36.2％,356 trips);the training was different from actual work (31.6％,311 trips);no replacement for work so they couldn't join training (29.8％,293 trips).The survey showed that the most desirable way of training is:practical application (60.1％,591 trips) and the most desirable training content is:emergency first aid knowledge (73.7％,724 trips).There were significant differences in case discussion,technical observation,academic lectures,special study trainingand learning methods in hospitals of different levels (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in the choice of professional practice methods (P＞0.05),and the selection of training contents was in emergency first aid knowledge,general medical knowledge and prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.There was no statistical difference in the selection of training contents of knowledge,infectious disease knowledge and department management knowledge (P＞0.05).There were significant differences in the choice of nursing knowledge training (P＜0.05).Conclusion The current situation showed a lack of first-aid knowledge and skills training for emergency personnel in Sichuan Province.The present situation of skill training can't satisfy the need of their desire to participate in training.It is urgent to develop a standardized,systematic and scientific training mode to improve the emergency first aid ability of primary medical and emergency personnel.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) in adhesion and invasion of phospho- rylcholine (PC)-positive Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).

METHDOSCultured HUVECs were pretreated with the PAFR antagonist CV3988 or anti-human PAFR monoclonal antibody for 30 min before infection with PC-positive or -negative A. actinomycetemcomitans strains. The bacterial adhesion and invasion and cytotoxicity in the cells were examined using MTT assay.

RESULTSPretreatment with PAFR antagonists at 100, 200 and 500 nmol/L significantly reduced the adhesion rate (36.29∓3.52)%, (19.04∓3.35)% and (7.69∓3.19%), respectively] and invasion rate [(12.12∓1.58)%, (7.08∓0.29)% and (2.60∓2.26)%, respectively] of PC-positive A.actinomycetemcomitans in HUVECs. Similarly, pretreatment with anti-PAFR antibody also significantly reduced A.actinomycetemcomitans adhesion and invasion in HUVECs [(50.05∓5.28)% and (39.09∓6.50)%, respectively]. Pretreatment with PAFR antagonist (200 and 500 nmol/L) and anti-PAFR antibody (25 µg/mL) significantly increased the viability of HUVECs incubated with PC-positive A.actinomycetemcomitans from (25.39∓9.33)% to (91.12∓3.14)%, (94.12∓2.15)% and (65.5∓1.87)%, respectively, but such pretreatments did not increase the viability of cells incubated with PC-negative A.actinomycetemcomitans.

CONCLUSIONSPAFR plays an important role in the adhesion, invasion, and cytotoxicity of PC-positive A.actinomycetemcomitans in cultured HUVECs.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; pathogenicity ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Cells, Cultured ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; microbiology ; Humans ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo construct dengue virus-specific full-length fully human antibody libraries using mammalian cell surface display technique.

METHODSTotal RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from convalescent patients with dengue fever. The reservoirs of the light chain and heavy chain variable regions (LCκ and VH) of the antibody genes were amplified by RT-PCR and inserted into the vector pDGB-HC-TM separately to construct the light chain and heavy chain libraries. The library DNAs were transfected into CHO cells and the expression of full-length fully human antibodies on the surface of CHO cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSUsing 1.2 µg of the total RNA isolated from the PBMCs as the template, the LCκ and VH were amplified and the full-length fully human antibody mammalian display libraries were constructed. The kappa light chain gene library had a size of 1.45×10(4) and the heavy chain gene library had a size of 1.8×10(5). Sequence analysis showed that 8 out of the 10 light chain clones and 7 out of the 10 heavy chain clones randomly picked up from the constructed libraries contained correct open reading frames. FACS analysis demonstrated that all the 15 clones with correct open reading frames expressed full-length antibodies, which could be detected on CHO cell surfaces. After co-transfection of the heavy chain and light chain gene libraries into CHO cells, the expression of full-length antibodies on CHO cell surfaces could be detected by FACS analysis with an expressible diversity of the antibody library reaching 1.46×10(9) [(1.45×10(4)×80%)×(1.8×10(5)×70%)].

CONCLUSIONUsing 1.2 µg of total RNA as template, the LCκ and VH full-length fully human antibody libraries against dengue virus have been successfully constructed with an expressible diversity of 10(9).

Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; CHO Cells ; Cell Surface Display Techniques ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Dengue Virus ; immunology ; Gene Library ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; immunology ; Transfection

Objective:To establish the C57BL/6 mouse models of radiation-induced cardiopulmonary dysfunction.Methods:Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control and irradiation groups. Mice in the irradiation group were irradiated with 20 Gy electron beam and bred for 6 months after irradiation. Cardiac function was assessed using ultrasonography. The partial pressure of oxygen was detected by blood gas analysis. Cell apoptosis was observed by Tunel assay. Myocardial and pulmonary fibrosis was assessed by Masson staining.Results:The LVEF in the irradiation group was (68.60±10.92)%, significantly less compared with (81.75±8.79)% in the control group ( P< 0.01). The apoptotic index of heart in the irraiation group was (23.90±6.60)%, considerably higher than (3.25±3.38)% in the control group ( P< 0.01). The CVF of heart in the irradiation group was (15.42±5.72)%, significantly higher than (1.45±0.64)% in the control group ( P< 0.01). The PaO 2 level in the irradiation group was (86.10±7.60) mmHg, significantly lower compared with (107.16±9.01) mmHg in the control group ( P< 0.01). The apoptotic index of lung in the irradiation group was (27.90±8.94)%, significantly higher than (2.50±3.55)% in the control group ( P<0.01). The CVF of lung in the irradiation group was (17.76±5.77)%, remarkably higher than (2.50±3.55)% in the control group ( P< 0.01). Conclusion:Radiation can induce cardiopulmonary apotosis and fibrosis remodeling, which leads to cardiopulmonary dysfunction, suggesting the successful establishment of C57BL/6 mouse model of radiation-induced cardiopulmonary dysfunction.