Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a novel apolipoprotein discovered in 1999 and belongs tothe lipocalin protein superfamily.The APOM gene is mainly expressed in the liver and kidney,Where it is highly regulated by transcription factors,cytokines,hormones etc.Series of studies have shown that apoM plays an important role in lipoprotein metabolism especially in high-density lipoprotein (HDL).Since the relationship between HDL and atherosclerosis (AS) has been well known,apoM is supposed to be of potential fuctional importance in AS.Here we review the progress made in understanding the characteristics of apoM and its relationship to cardiovascular disease.

With the constant change of medical electronic instruments ( MEI ) professionals' needs,the professional personnel training programs need to be adjusted and improved.Based on the analysis of the MEI professional students'employment situation,this article discusses several key issues of the personnel training program,and puts forward some suggestions of improving the MEI professional's personnel training program,in combination with the actual running in the training,the training objective,course arrangement,practice teaching etc..

The acute therapeutic effect of enalapril,an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI),in reducing blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) were assessed in 32 NID- DM and 13 essential hypertensive patients.After treatment for three days,24-h blood pressure and UAER in NIDDM patients were reduced significantly.UAER of essential hypertensive patients were reduced while in hypertensive patients UAER were reduced,but blood pressure except night SBP remained unchanged. This study suggests enalapril may have a specific protect effect on kidney which is independent of the de- crease in systemic blood pressure.

Objective To evaluate the olfactory function and its influence factors by using Sniffin ’ Sticks test, and to compare the quality of Parkinson ’s disease (PD) recognition between Sniffin’ Sticks and 16 kinds of odor identification in Sniffin ’ Sticks(SS-16) tests.Methods The Sniffin’Sticks test was used to assess the olfactory function of 68 PD patients and 76 healthy volunteers , and the relationship between smell and age, disease duration, Unified Parkinson’ s Disease Rating Scale score, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) rating, and cognitive function level (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) was analyzed.Results (1)The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in PD group (83.3%) was significantly higher than that in control group (21.2%).The Sniffin’ Sticks test showed that the odor threshold score (6.6 ±3.2, P=0.000), odor discrimination score (6.6 ±3.3, P=0.000), 16 kinds of odor identification score (6.8 ±2.4, P=0.000) in PD group were significantly lower than those in control group.( 2 ) When comparing the PD cases and healthy controls in recognition , the sensitivity and the specificity of the Sniffin ’ Sticks test were 0.897 and 0.737, respectively, similar to the SS-16 test.However, the Sniffin’ Sticks test showed advantage compared with odor threshold and odor discrimination.( 3 ) The olfactory score in PD group was positively correlated with cognitive function (r=0.243, P=0.046), and was unrelated with age, gender, disease duration, and disease severity.The olfactory score in control group was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.270, P=0.018), but positively correlated with cognitive function (r=0.281, P=0.014).Conclusions There is a higher incidence of olfactory dysfunction in PD patients than in control group.Sniffin’ Sticks test is superior to SS-16 test in quantitative and qualitative analysis of olfactory function in PD patients.Two tests both have high sensitivity and specificity in the recognition of PD .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of domestic olmesartan in treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension in comparison with losartan. Methods Two hundred and thirty-seven patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, paralleded and active-controlled trial, and were divided into olmesartan group (olmesartan 20 mg + losartan 50 mg placebo) and losartan group (losartan 50 mg + olmesartan 20 mg placebo) for a 8-week therapy. Four weeks after treatment, dosages of drugs were doubled in patients with seated diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa). All patients were followed up every two weeks, and the efficacy and adverse effects were observed. Another 32 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were enrolled and given olmesartan only, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed before and 8 weeks after treatment. Results Compared with those before treatment, both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased in olmesartan group and losartan group 8 weeks after treatment [(15.2 ±13.3) mmHg and (19.5 ±11.8) mmHg, respectively for systolic blood pressure (P <0.001); (15.9 ±7.48) mmHg and (16.2 ± 5.95) mmHg, respectively for diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01) ], while there was no significant difference between these two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in total effective rate and incidence of adverse effect between these two groups (86.9% vs 93.7% and 7.63% vs 5.88% , P > 0.05) . Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring demonstrated that trough to peak ratios of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 86% and 71%, respectively. Conclusion Domestic olmesaratan provides an effective, safe and long action in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension.

Objective To get well-informed of the current status of emergency training in primary hospitals in Sichuan Province and to find weaknesses in the system in order to provide scientific basis for emergency knowledge and skills training.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method as adopted and an anonymous questionnaire survey method was conducted to investigate the basic circumstances of the current training and the training needs of 1 000 emergency medical staff in 9 regions throughout Sichuan Province.Results The scope of the survey covered emergency doctors,nurses and technicians in hospitals of Grade Ⅱ,Grade Ⅲ and below.A total of 1 000 surveys were sent out and 983 were recovered.The questionnaire completion rate was 98.3％.The respondents mainly worked for more than 10 years,most of which with Bachelor degree,junior and intermediate titles.Results of the survey showed,63.1％ Most respondents have only one or two training opportunities per year.The training methods are mainly continuing education (59.0％,580 trips),training organized within the unit (58.5％,575 trips),and training organized by health administrative units (39.3％,386 trips).The main contents of the training are:basic professional skills learning (66.7％,655 trips),basic professional theoretical study (59.2％,582 trips),and new emergency technology (42.5％,418 trips),only 32.0％ of the respondents believe that these methods meet the practical needs.The main factors that influence participation in the training were:not be arranged by employer (36.2％,356 trips);the training was different from actual work (31.6％,311 trips);no replacement for work so they couldn't join training (29.8％,293 trips).The survey showed that the most desirable way of training is:practical application (60.1％,591 trips) and the most desirable training content is:emergency first aid knowledge (73.7％,724 trips).There were significant differences in case discussion,technical observation,academic lectures,special study trainingand learning methods in hospitals of different levels (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in the choice of professional practice methods (P＞0.05),and the selection of training contents was in emergency first aid knowledge,general medical knowledge and prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.There was no statistical difference in the selection of training contents of knowledge,infectious disease knowledge and department management knowledge (P＞0.05).There were significant differences in the choice of nursing knowledge training (P＜0.05).Conclusion The current situation showed a lack of first-aid knowledge and skills training for emergency personnel in Sichuan Province.The present situation of skill training can't satisfy the need of their desire to participate in training.It is urgent to develop a standardized,systematic and scientific training mode to improve the emergency first aid ability of primary medical and emergency personnel.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. It is the focus of current treatment to improve the immune disorders of RA patients and reduce the inflammatory damage. Acupuncture and moxibustion show the advantages of simple operation and safety. It has remarkable curative effect in the treatment of RA, and has a variety of intervention methods, including conventional acupuncture, moxibustion, combination of acupuncture and moxibustion, as well as innovative acupuncture and moxibustion therapies such as electroacupuncture and spinal moxibustion. The immune regulation of acupuncture and moxibustion on RA has the characteristics of bidirectional and multi-target. It can regulate Th17/Treg cell balance, Th1/Th2 cell balance, specific protein and NF-κB and other signaling pathways to regulate inflammatory immune response.

【Objective】 To evaluate the diagnostic value of prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) and central glandular prostate specific antigen density (CGPSAD) combined with multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in the gray area of prostate specific antigen (PSA) (4.0-10.0 μg/L). 【Methods】 Data of 634 patients who had received prostate biopsy in our hospital were retrospectively collected. Among them, 121 patients were selected. According to the pathological results of the biopsy, they were divided into PCa group and BPH group. The three diameters of the prostate and the central gland were measured by MRI. We calculated the prostate volume (PV) and the central gland volume (PVc), and then compared age, PSA, PV, PVc, PSAD, CGPSAD, prostate images, and PI-RADS score between PCa and BPH groups. Multifactor logistic regression analysis was performed to study the independent risk factors for PCa. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of PCa diagnosis were plotted, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and compared with the reference. 【Results】 There was no significant difference in total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) between the two groups (P>0.05). However, significant differences were observed in age, PV, PVc, PSAD, CGPSAD and PI-RADS score between the two groups (P<0.05). Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that PI-RADS score was an independent risk factors for PCa (OR=4.156, P<0.001). The AUC value of PSAD, CGPSAD, PI-RADS score, PSAD combined with PI-RADS score and CGPSAD combined with PI-RADS score were 0.744, 0.771, 0.844, 0.884, and 0.903, respectively. The AUC value of CGPSAD combined PI-RADS score was the highest. 【Conclusion】 CGPSAD is better than PSAD in diagnosing PCa in the grey area of PSA. Combined with PI-RADS score of mpMRI, it can improve the diagnosis of prostate cancer and guide clinical and prostate biopsy.

Objective To investigate the changes and formation mechanism of plasma endothelial microparticles (EMPs) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods Blood samples were collected from 60 patients with AP who were treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from August 2020 to June 2021, and these patients were divided into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) group with 23 patients, moderate-severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) group with 23 patients, and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group with 14 patients; 20 individuals who underwent physical examination were enrolled as control group.Differential centrifugation was used to obtain platelet-poor plasma, flow cytometry was used to measure the level of CD31 + CD41 - EMPs, and ELISA was used to measure the levels of endothelin-1(ET-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), nitric oxide (NO), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1).HUVECs were stimulated by the plasma of AP patients, and then flow cytometry and qRT-PCR were used to measure the changes in EMPs, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), VCAM-1, NADPH oxidase, and P-selectin.A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups and within each group.The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups, and the Pearson correlation test was used for correlation analysis. Results Compared with the control group, the MAP, MSAP, and SAP groups had a significant increase in the level of EMPs (all P < 0.05).Compared with the MAP and MSAP groups, the SAP group had a significant increase in the level of EMPs (both P < 0.05).In the patients with AP, the level of EMPs was negatively correlated with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ score, Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis, Ranson score, CT score, and C-reactive protein ( r =0.686 2, 0.777 3, 0.713 8, 0.771 8, and 0.473 9, all P < 0.01).Compared with the control group, the MAP, MSAP, and SAP groups had significant increases in the levels of ET-1, vWF, and VCAM-1 and a significant reduction in the level of NO (all P < 0.05).Compared with the control group, the MSAP and SAP groups had the plasma that promoted the release of a large amount of EMPs (both P < 0.05).Compared with the control group, all the other groups, except the MAP group in terms of VCAM-1 and eNOS, had significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of eNOS, iNOS, ICAM-1, P-selectin, VCAM-1, and NADPH oxidase (all P < 0.05).Compared with the HC group, the MAP, MSAP, and SAP groups and the LPS group had a significant increase in the level of ROS and a significant reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential in HUVECs (all P < 0.05). Conclusion There is a significant increase in the plasma level of EMPs in AP patients, which is correlated with the severity of pancreatitis.Meanwhile, the plasma of AP patients can promote the formation of EMPs in HUVECs in vitro, which may be associated with cell oxidative injury.