AIM:To study lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adrenomedullin (Adm) from human vascular endothelial cells (HVEC) and its mechanism. METHODS:In cultured HVEC, LPS was used to stimulate ET-1 and Adm secretion from HVEC. The contents of ET-1 and Adm in medium were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:LPS stimulated secretion of ET-1 and Adm from HVEC in time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. The ratio of secreted ET-1 to Adm was not changed compared with the control group. The increase of ET-1 could be inhibited by inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (PD098059) and inhibitor of P38 kinase (SB202190)（P＜0.01）, while the increase of Adm could only be inhibited by SB202190（P＜0.05）, both had no response to inhibitor of protein kinase C (H7), inhibitor of calmodulin (W7), inhibitor of calcineurin (cyclosporin A) and inhibitor of Ca2+ (nicardipine)（P＞0.05）.CONCLUSION:ERKs and P38 signal pathways may play an important role in the secretion of ET-1 from LPS -stimulated HVEC, while only P38 kinase signal pathway is invovled in the secretion of Adm.

AIM: To study lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adrenomedullin (Adm) from human vascular endothelial cells (HVEC) and its mechanism. METHODS: In cultured HVEC, LPS was used to stimulate ET-1 and Adm secretion from HVEC. The contents of ET-1 and Adm in medium were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: LPS stimulated secretion of ET-1 and Adm from HVEC in time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. The ratio of secreted ET-1 to Adm was not changed compared with the control group. The increase of ET-1 could be inhibited by inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (PD 098059 ) and inhibitor of P38 kinase (SB 202190 )( P 0.05).CONCLUSION: ERKs and P38 signal pathways may play an important role in the secretion of ET-1 from LPS -stimulated HVEC, while only P38 kinase signal pathway is invovled in the secretion of Adm.

Objectives: To study the inhibitory effects of grape juice on human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells and its possible mechanism. Method: PC-3 cells were treated with grape juice in different concentration(16, 32, 64 ?l/ml) and resveratrol for 48 h; and the proliferation of PC -3 cells were measured by growth curve and MTT assay. TUNEL was used to observe the morphology of apoptotic cells and flow cytometry to analyze the PC-3 apoptosis. Results: Resveratrol and grape juice could markedly inhibit the proliferation of PC-3 cells, and TUNEL positive cells were detectable. The percentages of apoptotic cells were 6.0%,18.5%,30.0%, 12.7% in experimental groups and resveratrol group respectively. The effect on PC-3 cells was enhanced with increasing amount of grape juice. The effect of low dose group was weaker than that of resveratrol group, but medium and high dose groups were stronger. Conclusion: The anti-prostate cancer effect of grape juice is not only related to resveratrol contained but also to synergism with other components, and its mechanism might be the induction of PC-3 cells apoptosis.

Objective To understand the risk factors for cardiovascular disease(CVD)and their clustering among middle aged and old people in Jilin province and provide evidence for the development of effective intervention measures. Methods A total of 13 914 people aged 35-79 years were selected from 32 counties (district) in 9 prefectures (municipality) of Jilin province through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling to conduct a face to face questionnaire survey and health examination. Complex weighted computation was conducted to analyze the survey results. Results The prevalence of hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,smoking and overweight were 41.3%,11.5%, 42.8%,31.5%and 53.5%,respectively. Only 16.2%of the subjects surveyed were free of the 5 risk factors.≥1 risk factor and≥3 risk factors were found to clustering in 83.8%and 29.9%of the middle aged and old people. Compared with females,the odds ratios of ≥1,≥2 and ≥3 risk factors clustering in males were 3.18,4.28 and 5.58 times higher,respectively. Compared with urban residents,the odds ratios of≥1,≥2 risk factors clustering in rural residents were 1.22 and 1.20 times higher. In addition,the odds ratios of≥1,≥2 and≥3 risk factors clustering increased with age(all P<0.001). Conclusion High prevalence of major cardiovascular disease risk factors and their clustering were found in middle aged and old people in Jilin province. More attention and intervention should be given to the old males in rural areas.

Objective : To study the relationship between different doses of subchronic sodium fluoride exposure and lung histopathological changes in rats，and to explore the effect and related mechanism of sodium fluoride induced lung tissue injury in rats． Methods: Thirty-two Wistar male rats were randomly divided into control，low，medium and high dose groups，each group included 8 rats，intragastric administration of sodium fluoride toxin solution 0， 12，24，and 48 mg / (kg · d) ．The experiment lasted for 16 weeks．The incidence of dental fluorosis and weight in each group of rats was recorded，the lung coefficient was calculated，the pathological changes of lung tissue was observed by HE staining，enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in rats serum，apoptosis level of lung cells was assessed by TUNEL staining，and the Caspase-3 protein expression levels in lung tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: At the end of exposure，the upper and lower incisors of rats in different dose groups showed different degrees of dental fluorosis．The increase in body weight of the rats in the high-dose group was lower than that in the other three groups (P＜0. 05) ．The coefficient of lung organs and the content of MDA in serum of the rats in the high-dose group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0. 05) ．The rats in the low，medium and high dose groups had different degrees of pulmonary interstitial inflammatory infiltration and alveolar morphological changes．Compared with the control group，the lung cell apoptosis rate and Caspase-3 protein expression of the rats in the low ，middle and high groups significantly increased ，and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0. 05) ． Conclusion Subchronic exposure to sodium fluoride can cause the lung tissue damage in rats ，and the mechanism may be related to the apoptosis induced by oxidative stress.

OBJECTIVETo understand the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and their clustering among middle aged and old people in Jilin province and provide evidence for the development of effective intervention measures.

METHODSA total of 13 914 people aged 35-79 years were selected from 32 counties (district) in 9 prefectures (municipality) of Jilin province through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling to conduct a face to face questionnaire survey and health examination. Complex weighted computation was conducted to analyze the survey results.

RESULTSThe prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking and overweight were 41.3%, 11.5%, 42.8%, 31.5% and 53.5%, respectively. Only 16.2% of the subjects surveyed were free of the 5 risk factors. ≥ 1 risk factor and ≥ 3 risk factors were found to clustering in 83.8% and 29.9% of the middle aged and old people. Compared with females, the odds ratios of ≥ 1, ≥ 2 and ≥ 3 risk factors clustering in males were 3.18, 4.28 and 5.58 times higher, respectively. Compared with urban residents, the odds ratios of ≥ 1, ≥ 2 risk factors clustering in rural residents were 1.22 and 1.20 times higher. In addition, the odds ratios of ≥ 1, ≥ 2 and ≥ 3 risk factors clustering increased with age (all P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONHigh prevalence of major cardiovascular disease risk factors and their clustering were found in middle aged and old people in Jilin province. More attention and intervention should be given to the old males in rural areas.

Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; Dyslipidemias ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Sex Distribution ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Aluminum is a light metal which is rich in the earth's crust and widely used. Recently, the adverse health effects of environmental and occupational aluminum exposure on human have attracted more and more attention. Aluminum exposure has toxic effects on the central nervous system and is believed to be closely related to the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. The neurotoxic mechanism of aluminum is complex, especially the role of regulated cell death (RCD) in aluminum-induced neuronal death remains to be further studied. RCD refers to all modes of cell death regulated by multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways under physiological and pathological conditions, including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. This review summarized the morphological characteristics and mechanisms of each RCD mode in the process of aluminum-induced neuronal death, and discussed the relationship and transformation between different RCD modes, providing a new scientific basis for future studies on the treatment and intervention of neurotoxicity induced by aluminum exposure.