Objective To explore preliminarily the role of the E2 subunit of pymvate dehydrogenase (PDC-E2) modified by xenobiotics (e.g.2-octynic acid,2-OA) in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).Methods Patients of PBC (102 cases),primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC,34 cases) and healthy controls (HC,50 cases) were selected.The anti-PDC-E2,anti-2-OA and anti-lipoic acid (LA) antibody in the peripheral blood of the 3 groups were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).By inhibitive ELISA (iELISA),30 of the 102 PBC patients with anti-PDC-E2 antibody but without anti-2-OA antibody were selected to detect whether there was any new epitope on the PEC-E2 conjugated with 2-OA.The chi-square test and Fisher exact test were taken to analyze the enumeration data.The two-tailed unpaired t test with Welch's correction was used to compare the measurement data.Spearman rank correlation analysis was also employed for proper test.Results The positive rate of anti-PDC-E2,anti-LA and anti-2-OA antibody in PBC patients was 94.1％(96/102),73.5％(73/102) and 53.9％(55/102) respectively,all of which were statistically significantly higher than those in healthy controls group but were of no significant difference between PSC and healthy controls group.There was no significant relevance between the levels of Anti-LA and anti-2-OA antibody in the PBC group (r=-0.065,P=0.520).The iELISA results showed that the antibody,which only identified the epitopes on 2-OA-PDC-E2 induced by the 2-OA conjugation with PDC-E2,existed in 40％(12/30) of the PBC patients,and more interestingly,this antibody was predominantly appeared in PBC patients at their early clinical stage.Conclusion There are anti-LA antibody and anti-2-OA antibody in PBC patients,which have shown no significant association with each other.It is very likely that new antigenic conformational epitopes on PDC-E2 modified by 2-OA would emerge,which might led to the immune response in the individuals who are susceptible to PBC,and thus contribute for the breaking of PDC-E2 immune tolerance,and PBC occurrence finally.

Objective To explore the protective effect of hesperidin pretreatment on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced acute liver injury and the effect on expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ. Methods Seventy-two SPF C57BL/ 6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, model control group and hesperidin group. Acute liver injury model was established by injected with Con A. The hesperidin group was treated intragastrically with 1 000 mg·kg-1 hesperidin for 10 days. Model control group was treated intragastrically with the same volume of 0. 5% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) were measured. Pathological changes in hepatic tissue were observed under microscope. The expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ mRNAs in hepatic tissue was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR). The contents of TNF-α and IFN-γ in serum were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with model control group, the contents of ALT and AST in serum were significantly decreased (P<0. 01) in hesperidin group. Pathological changes in hepatic tissue were markedly improved. The expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the hepatic tissues and serum were significantly downregulated (P<0. 01). The concentrations of TNF-α and IFN-γ in hesperidin group were (717. 05±205. 22) and(611. 06±92. 82)pg·mL-1 in 2 h,(811. 56±167. 47)and(786. 19±215. 44)pg·mL-1 in 6 h. Compared with model control group, the expressions of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the hesperidin group were significantly downregulated (P<0. 01). But there was no significant difference between hesperidin group and model control group in 6 h after treated with Con A(P>0. 05). Conclusion Hesperidin pretreatment protects mice from Con A-induced acute liver injury possibly by inhibiting the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the liver of mice.

Objective To explore the role of homocysteine(Hcy)on angiogenesis at peri infarct region after focal cere-bral ischemia in rats, to elucidate inhibitory factors of angiogenesis, and to establish a clinic foundation for clinical brain functional recovery. Methods Spragur-Dawley (SD) male rats (n=36) were randomly divided into three groups with 12 rats in each group including Sham Operation (SO) group, Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group and MCAO+Hcy group. The rats in Sham and MCAO groups were intra-peritoneally injected with 5 mL/(kg·d) saline and rats in MCAO+Hcy group were injected with 2%5 mL/(kg·d) Hey solution from the same route. MCAO was introduced by intraluminal filament meth-od after 7 d Hcy intervention. Rat brains were harvested on the 7th day after MCAO. BrdU(50 mg/kg, as a marker of cell pro-liferation)was intraperitoneally injected three days before the rats were killed. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)was used to measure serum Hcy concentration in rats. Brain infarction size was observed by TTC staining. Immuno-fluorescence staining was used to detect the number of BrdU+/laminin+cells at the thalamus of infarction side. Results Se-rum Hcy concentration significantly higher in MCAO+Hcy group than in SO and MCAO groups(P<0.05). Brain damage increased and the number of BrdU+/laminin+cells decreased in MCAO+Hcy group compared with those of MCAO group (P<0.05). Conclusion Increased Hcy concentration in rats lead to more severe damage of cerebral infarction as well as to inhibit the angiogenesis at surrounding ischemia area.

Objective:To analyze a Risk Scale for Emergence Agitation After General Anesthesia in Children (the EA risk scale) into simplified Chinese and evaluate the reliability and validity in children with strabismus correction surgery.Methods:After obtaining the authorization of the original author, the English version of the EA risk scale was translated, translated back and culturally debugged to form the Chinese version of the EA risk scale. Then 279 children with strabismus correction surgery were selected from a tertiary hospital of ophthalmology in Tianjin and were investigated to validate the scale.Results:The correlation coefficients of each item and the total score of the scale were respectively 0.768 (item 1) ,0.717(item 2), 0.676(item 3), 0.634(item 4) (all P < 0.01). Content validity index of the scale was 0.920, and each item was 0.80-1.00. One factors including 4 items were identified using exploratory factor analysis, accounting for 62.052% of the total variance. The optimal cut-off value for the EA risk in children was 10, with the AUG was 0.816, specificity of 0.704, and sensitivity of 0.839. The Cronbach α coefficient for the total scale was 0.819, and the intraclass correlation coefficient value between the scorers was 0.835. Conclusion:The Chinese version of the EA risk scale has good reliability and validity. The items are concise, clear, and easy to understand. It is suitable for clinical departments as a preliminary screening tool to identify emergence agitation after general anesthesia on children with strabismus correction surgery and to assess the risk of its occurrence.

Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell disease with the second highest incidence among hematological malignancies. Its risk of concurrent thrombosis is high, which greatly affects the quality of life and even endangers life of multiple myeloma patients. The pathogenesis of thrombosis in patients with multiple myeloma is complex, which is still unclear. However many mechanisms are considered to be related to hypercoagulable state in patients with multiple myeloma. Currently, there is a lack of thrombosis risk assessment model for multiple myeloma. Therefore, this paper reviews the research and the latest progress of venous thrombosis in patients with multiple myeloma, and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.

Objective To explore the changes in the endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) pathway in the myocardial hypertrophy induced by the angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) in mice.Methods Fourteen healthy C57BL mice,9 weeks old,were randomly divided into control group(n =7) and Ang Ⅱ group(n =7),and capsule osmotic pump with pre loaded 9 g/L saline and Ang Ⅱ was implanted into the back of each mouse subcutaneously.Mter 2 weeks,the mice were executed.The heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) and the left heart weight/full heart weight (LVW/HW) of the mice were measured.The microstructure of the cardiac myocyte was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining under the microscope.The expression of myocardial alpha myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods.SO2 enzymes aspartate aminotransferase 1 (AAT1) and AAT2 protein expression were detected by Western blot method.Myocardial SO2 content and AAT activity were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection and colometric method.Results Compared with control group,the HW/BW and LVW/HW in mice of Ang Ⅱ group were significantly increased (all P ＜ 0.O1),the cardiac myocytes were hypertrophy,and α-MHC positive staining in the cytoplasm of myocardium was weakened.Moreover,Western blot data showed that α-MHC protein expression in heart tissue of Ang Ⅱ-treated mice was decreased significantly (allP ＜ 0.05).Simultaneously,the data showed that AAT2 protein expression,SO2 content and AAT activity in heart tissue of Ang Ⅱ-treated mice were also decreased markedly[(1.093 ±0.131) μ mol/g protein vs.(0.737 ±0.233) μmol/g protein,P ＜ 0.05;(7.979 ± 1.317) U/rmg protein vs.(6.470 ± O.516) U/mg protein,P ＜ 0.01].Furthermore,there was a negative correlation between LVW/HW and cardiac SO2 content in heart tissue (r =-0.56,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Myocardial endogenous SO2/AAT2 pathway is down-regulated in the development of myocardial hypertrophy induced by Ang Ⅱ in mice.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hyperglycemia induced by different doses of strepzotozocin (STZ) on the liver, kidneys and eyes in rats.

METHODSFifty SD rats were divided equally into 5 groups to receive intraperitoneal injections with a single dose of STZ (40, 50, or 60 mg/kg), 3 doses of 25 mg/kg STZ (given at the interval of 24 h), or no treatment (blank control). The dynamic change of blood glucose was observed within 72 h after the first injection. Blood glucose was then monitored every 3 days and the general conditions of the rats were recorded. In the 9th week, fasting blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and the pancreas, kidney, liver, and eye were examined for pathologies.

RESULTSWithin 72 h after STZ injection, blood glucose first slightly increased and then decreased and again increased to maintain a high level. Death occurred in rats receiving injections with 50 and 60 mg/kg STZ on the third day. In the surviving rats in the 4 STZ-injected groups, the success rate of modeling was 70%, 89%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Blood glucose showed an inverse correlation with the body weight of the rats. Cataract was observed in the 10th week in rats injected with 40 mg/kg STZ and in the 8th week in the other groups. In the 9th week, the rats receiving 40 mg/kg STZ showed normal insulin, C-peptide, urea, UA, Cr, ALT, AST, TP, and ALB levels, but the rats in the other groups all showed variations in these biochemical indices, which corresponded to the pathological findings in the pancreas, kidneys, and liver.

CONCLUSIONSThree STZ doses of 25 mg/kg is optimal and efficient for inducing diabetes in rats with stable hyperglycemia. Both fasting and random blood glucose tests contribute to the evaluation of the complications of diabetes. The eyes are the most sensitive to hyperglycemia, followed by the kidneys and then by the liver.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; physiopathology ; Eye ; physiopathology ; Hyperglycemia ; physiopathology ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Pancreas ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin

To explore the mediating role of psychological resilience to childhood abuse and binge eating. This study assessed the childhood abuse, binge eating and psychological resilience of 3 453 middle school students in Harbin city, Heilongjiang Province. SPSS PROCESS macro program, combined with Bootstrap method, was employed to explore the mediating effect of psychological resilience. The incidence of middle school students experiencing at least one type of abuse in their childhood was 81.3% (2 807/3 453). Childhood abuse, psychological resilience and binge eating were all significantly different in terms of gender, household registration and whether they were only child (all P values<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between childhood abuse and binge eating. Psychological resilience was negatively associated with childhood abuse and binge eating. Childhood abuse could not only directly predict the binge eating behavior of adolescents, but also could indirectly affect it via psychological resilience.

To explore the mediating role of psychological resilience to childhood abuse and binge eating. This study assessed the childhood abuse, binge eating and psychological resilience of 3 453 middle school students in Harbin city, Heilongjiang Province. SPSS PROCESS macro program, combined with Bootstrap method, was employed to explore the mediating effect of psychological resilience. The incidence of middle school students experiencing at least one type of abuse in their childhood was 81.3% (2 807/3 453). Childhood abuse, psychological resilience and binge eating were all significantly different in terms of gender, household registration and whether they were only child (all P values<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between childhood abuse and binge eating. Psychological resilience was negatively associated with childhood abuse and binge eating. Childhood abuse could not only directly predict the binge eating behavior of adolescents, but also could indirectly affect it via psychological resilience.

Long-term clinical practice shows that Mongolian medicine not only has a unique effect on frequently-occurring and common diseases, but also has particularly remarkable effects on difficult diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. Molecular imaging technology, which based on imaging technology, displays special molecules on the tissue, cell, and subcellular level. By reflecting the changes on molecular level in vivo, lesions can be located, quantitatively and qualitatively imaged and analyzed. Non-invasive imaging in vivo is the most significant feature of molecular imaging technology. In the research of Mongolian medicine treatment, molecular imaging technology can present the characteristics of the lesions before and after treatment in vivo and in real time, dynamically evaluate the effect of drug treatment, and provide new ideas for exploring the efficacy of Mongolian medicine and developing new drugs.