Objective To conduct a single-center retrospective analysis on the distribution characteristics and prevalence of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients diagnosed with pathology for the past 16 years,to investigate diagnostic and differential diagnostic value of serum antiphospholipase A2 receptor antibodies (PLA2R-Ab),and to evaluate the correlation between PLA2R-Ab and clinical disease activity.Methods (1) 6996 biopsy-proven primary glomerular nephropathy (PGN) patients,including 1567 IMN cases,admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2000 to December 2015 were involved.Demographics and pathological type were gathered from all patients.(2) 433 cases receiving renal biopsy and testing PLA2R-Ab from June 2015 to December 2015 were involved,with their clinical and laboratorial data being collected.During the period patients' follow-up time,therapeutic schedule and laboratory results were recorded.Results (1) IMN accounted for 22.4％ of primary glomerular disease,and patients above 40 years old accounted for more than 60％ of the IMN.(2) The sensitivity and specificity of serological PLA2R-Ab were 58.1％(95％CI 47.0％-68.5％) and 98.6％(95％CI 95.6％-99.6％) respectively.PLA2R-Ab positive rate was affected by immunosuppression therapy.(3) The PLA2R-Ab titers wasn't correlated with 24-hour urinary protein (r=-0.017,P=0.887),serum albumin (r=-0.072,P=0.549) and urinary red blood cell count (r=-0.030,P=0.802).There was no difference between PLA2R-Ab positive positive and PLA2R-Ab negative on proportion of IMN pathological stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ (P ＞ 0.05).Thirteen cases of patients with PLA2R-Ab positive were all prescribed glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressant.After (2.21± 1.09) months,the decrease of PLA2R-Ab titers was in accordance with 24-hour urinary protein quantity descending and serum albumin ascending (P ＜ 0.05).Condusions The incidence of IMN increase year by year,especially in the mid-aged and the elderly.Serum PLA2R-Ab correlates not with IMN pathological stage,but with the development of IMN.Monitoring PLA2R-Ab titers individually may access the efficiency of treatment.

RNA has received m ore attention in the field of forensic m edicine and the developm ent of the new biological m arkers based on RNA show s great significance in the analysis of com plex cases. circular RNA (circRNA ) is a kind of non-coding RNA w hich is w idely reported recently. A lthough the regulatory m echanism s of generation and expression are not fully clear, the existing research indicates that circRNA has im portant biological functions. C ircRNA has a cell-type-specific expression w ith great stability and a high expression level, w hich m akes it m eaningful in forensic applications potentially. In this paper, the research progress, the generation and regulation of circRNA as w ell as its biological characteristics and functions are sum m arized, w hich w ill provide references for related studies and foren-sic applications.

Objective:To explore the correlativity between facial morphologic angles of Xi'an youths.Methods:60 Xi'an residents aged 18 -40 years(30 males and 30 females)with normal facial profile,without operation and trauma experience,received 3dMD scaning.12 morphologic angles were measured.Data were statistically analysed by SPSS 19.0 software.The correlative relationship and formulas of facial angles were studied.Results:Nasofrontal angle of the males was larger than that of the females(P <0.05), the other angles showed no difference between sexes(P >0.05).Correlativity between each pair of 5 angles was concluded by a logic diagram(R≥0.7),the correlativity of 4 pairs was positive and 3 negative.Conclusion:The facial morphologic angles of Xi'an youths are correlated and coordinated.

Professor OUYANG Hui-qing's gradually formed her own teaching concept of traditional Chinese medicine through long-term teaching practice:the most important teaching aim is to cultivate talents of traditional Chinese medicine.Clinical practice together with classroom teaching can promote the growing knowledge of medical students.Clinical practices are necessary and should penetrate culture and academic tradition of traditional Chinese medicine.OUYANG Hui-qing's concepts on talents are:cultivating teaching faculties is the key to the development of the teaching team,the core of construction of the teaching and research section,and the basis of construction of the discipline.OUYANG Hui-qing's management concepts are:the dean of the teaching and research section is the practitioner of personnel training practice and the undertaker of teaching team development.

Objective This paper explored the effect of the early clinical exposure in im-proving medical students' cognitive aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. Methods (1)From 280 undergraduate students of Grade 2010 who participated in early clinical exposure of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine and 280 undergraduate students of Grade 2011 who did not participate in the early clinical exposure, we selected 140 students respectively to conduct a simple random sam-pling survey. The results were analyzed by SPSS after using Microsoft Excellsoftware for entry. Statis-tical methods selected χ2-test/Fisher exact test(P<0.05). (2)We had an interview to students,teachers leading the project, instructor,experts engaging in the study of the doctor-patient relationship by using focus group discussion and in-depth interview, and then using thematic analysis to analyze the data. (3)The main aspects of questionnaires and interviews were: details, activity participation/interest, general cognitive on the doctor-patient relationship, passion for profession, choice of career, the effect in improving medical students' cognitive aspects of the doctor-patient relationship and the suggestions and comments. Results The effective questionnaires collected from Grade 2010 were 134, and124 from Grade 2011.The participation rate of the undergraduates of Grade 2010(participating group) was 94.0%(126/134), while the interest rate of undergraduates of Grade 2011 (control group) was only 76.6%(95/124). Participating group had a better cognitive understanding of doctor-patient relationship than control group(P=0.0192). The activities had significant effects on choice of career(P=0.0002), and no effect on passion for profession(P=0.7372). There was statistically significant difference on their views of employment(P=0.0002). The key words for the interview were: not enough preparation before activity, not reasonable timing, teachers leading the project, stimulation of professional pride. Conclusions Early clinical exposure activities can be effective in improving medical students' awareness of the current doctor-patient relationship. Still we have some shortages in the activity, some more exploration and amelioration should be made in late stage.

Objective To obtain differentiated osteoblast-specific inactivation of fgfr1 mice Methods To obtain fgfr1△/+/OC-CreTG/+ mice,fgfr1flox/flox mice obtained from NIH were crossed with OC-Cre mice To obtain fgfr1△/△/OC-CreTG/+ mutant mice,fgfr1△/+/OC-CreTG/+ further crossed with themselves or fgfr1flox/flox mice After fgfr1△/△/OC-CreTG/+ crossed with fgfr1flox/flox mice,half of their offspring were mutant mice Results Differentiated osteoblast-specific fgfr1 knockout mice were obtained Conclusion fgfr1△/△/OC-CreTG/+ mice were obtained through proper crossing strategy,which provides a suitable platform for studying fgfr1 function in bone development and fracture healing

Objective To investigate the effect of depression symptoms on surgical outcome of posterior decompression among cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients. Methods Between October 2006 and October 2011 in our hospital, lami?nectomy or laminoplasty was performed in 396 cases that were enrolled in the study. There were 132 males and 264 females with an average age of 60.2 years(ranged,39-84 years). All patients were divided into depression group and non?depressed group by the 21?item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in age, sex, smok?ing status, duration of symptoms, and employment status (whether in the current working). The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, Neck disability index (NDI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were compared after 1.5 months postoperatively. Re?sults All of 396 cases were followed up. The mean follow up duration was 32 months (range,24-50 months). There were no statistically significant differences in the CCI decline (7.1%±2.1% versus 6.8%±1.5%), expansion degree[(130.9±7.0) mm2 versus (150.8 ± 5.2) mm2] and the drift?back distance of the spinal cord [(5.7 ± 1.2) mm versus (6.2 ± 0.8) mm]. However, pa?tients with continuous depression showed poorer improvement than non?depressed patients in the surgery outcome: JOA im?proved (1.42±0.56 versus 6.76±3.12); NDI declined (7.31±2.18 versus 21.11±11.36); and VAS lightened (16.08±19.76 versus 23.85±20.79). Conclusion Depression contributed a dissatisfied surgery outcome after posterior decompression on functional re?covery, disability index and pain scores among patients of the cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Objective To explore the life experiences of donors undergoing pediatric living related liver transplantation and elucidate it 's the influencing factors of quality-of-life .Methods A qualitative study was performed with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach .Twelve living related liver transplantation donors were face-to-face interviewed by a semi-structured interview and 7-step Colaizzi method was applied for data analysis .Results Four domains and 9 sub-domains were summarized as follows :body disturbance (pain ,discomfort & physical changes) ,sense of uncertainty (recipient-dependent sensitive ,self-doubt & confusion under family pressure ) ,role conflict (patient-carer & family-social) and contentment & gratitude (willing to sacrifice ,living in the present &benefiting from social funds ) .Conclusions The levels of quality-of-life vary greatly in different donors .Body disturbance ,sense of uncertainty ,role conflict ,contentment and gratitude are the major influencing factors of quality-of-life for donors undergoing pediatric living related transplantation .

Background: The testis has been reported to be a naturally O 2 -deprived organ, dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) can inhibit hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) subject to degradation under normal oxygen condition in cells. Objectives: The objective of this study is to detect the effects of DMOG on the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in Bama minipigs. Methods: Gradient concentrations of DMOG were added into the culture medium, HIF-1αprotein in SSCs was detected by western blot analysis, the relative transcription levels of the SSC-specific genes were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Six days post-induction, the genes related to spermatogenesis were detected by qRT-PCR, and the DNA content was determined by flow cytometry. Results: Results revealed that the levels of HIF-1α protein increased in SSCs with the DMOG treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The relative transcription levels of SSCspecific genes were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) by activating HIF-1α expression. The induction results showed that DMOG significantly increased (p < 0.05) the spermatogenesis capability of SSCs, and the populations of haploid cells significantly increased (p < 0.05) in DMOG-treated SSCs when compared to those in DMOG-untreated SSCs. Conclusion We demonstrate that DMOG can promote the spermatogenesis activity of SSCs.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze failure reasons of surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and explore the methods of reoperation. METHOD: By selecting 27 patients, who accepted surgical treatment for OSAHS and recurred, we analyzed failure reasons and obstructive location by apneagraph, nasopharyngeal 3D-CT, electronic nasopharynlaryngoscope. Among them, 14 patients accepted reoperation, such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), nasoendoscopic surgery, adenoidectomy, partial glossectomy, tracheotomy were applied matching to differential obstructive location. AHI, lowest SaO2, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), complication were recorded after 6 months. RESULT: After 6 months, their AHI decreased from 48.19 +/- 13.11 to 11.32 +/- 4. 42, ESS scores decreased from 12.93 +/- 4.60 to 4.93 +/- 1.44, P<0.05. Two of the 14 patients were cured, while the other 12 were efficient. No complications were observed. CONCLUSION Obstructive location judgement and proper surgical operation are the keys of the treatment. Preoperative AG sleep monitoring, nasopharyngeal 3D CT, electronic nasopharynlaryngoscope examination for determining blocking plane, the decision of surgery which is significant.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Palate ; surgery ; Palate, Soft ; surgery ; Pharynx ; surgery ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; prevention & control ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Uvula ; surgery