Professor OUYANG Hui-qing's gradually formed her own teaching concept of traditional Chinese medicine through long-term teaching practice:the most important teaching aim is to cultivate talents of traditional Chinese medicine.Clinical practice together with classroom teaching can promote the growing knowledge of medical students.Clinical practices are necessary and should penetrate culture and academic tradition of traditional Chinese medicine.OUYANG Hui-qing's concepts on talents are:cultivating teaching faculties is the key to the development of the teaching team,the core of construction of the teaching and research section,and the basis of construction of the discipline.OUYANG Hui-qing's management concepts are:the dean of the teaching and research section is the practitioner of personnel training practice and the undertaker of teaching team development.

Objective To summarize the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of hepatolithiasis complicating cholangiocarcinoma. Methods From June 1958 to March 2011,709 cases of hepatolithiasis were admitted to Department of General Surgery,Peking University Third Hospital.The cases concomitant with cholangiocarcinoma were reviewed. Results 20 of 709 (2.8％ ) hepatolithiasis cases developed cholangiocarcinoma.17 cases (85％,17/20) were followed-up for 2 years (0 - 15 years).The hepatolithiasis course before the malignant diagnosis was 15 ± 1 1 years (3 -38 years).14 cases had frequent episodes of cholangitis,15 cases had liver cirrhosis.Preoperative diagnosis was established by CT,MRCP,B-ultrasound and tumor markers in 55％ (11/20) cases.4 cases underwent radical resection,7 received palliative resection,9 cases received conservative treatment.In radical resection,one lost to follow-up,one survived one year,two for 5 years.In palliative resection,2 lost to follow-up,two survived one year,one survived 3 years, one for 5 years. None in conservative group survived more than one year.Conclusions Cholangiocarcinoma developed from hepatolithiasis with a long history,frequent cholangitis,liver cirrhosis,especially in cases with imige showing thickness of bile duct or mass and rising tumor markers (CA19-9,CA125,CEA).The cases undergoing radical resection may have a favorable prognosis.

Currently, monitoring system of awareness of the depth of anesthesia has been more and more widely used in clinical practices. The intelligent evaluation algorithm is the key technology of this type of equipment. On the basis of studies about changes of electroencephalography (EEG) features during anesthesia, a discussion about how to select reasonable EEG parameters and classification algorithm to monitor the depth of anesthesia has taken place. A scheme which combines time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis and the variability of EEG and decision tree as classifier and least squares to compute Depth of anesthesia Index (DOAI) is proposed in this paper. Using the EEG of 40 patients who underwent general anesthesia with propofol, and the classification and the score of the EEG annotated by anesthesiologist, we verified this scheme with experiments. Classification and scoring was based on a combination of modified observer assessment of alertness/sedation (MOAA/S), and the changes of EEG parameters of patients during anesthesia. Then we used the BIS index to testify the validation of the DOAI. Results showed that Pearson's correlation coefficient between the DOAI and the BIS over the test set was 0.89. It is demonstrated that the method is feasible and has good accuracy.
Algorithms ; Anesthesia, General ; Decision Trees ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Humans ; Intraoperative Awareness ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Propofol

Objective To analyze the cause and treatment of the postoperative complications using one-stage posterior spinal osteotomy in the treatment of severe spinal deformity.Methods From September 2006 to May 2013,17 patients with severe spinal deformity (congenital scoliosis in 11 cases,congenital kyphosis in 4 cases,and congenital kyphoscoliosis in 2 cases) underwent one-stage posterior spinal osteotomy,including 5 males and 12 females with an average age of 22.6 (14-51) years.The preoperative mean coronal Cobb angle was 109° (85°-160°) while the mean sagittal Cobb angle was 104° (65°-152°).Two patients had neurological symptoms preoperatively whose spinal cord function was D,evaluated by ASIA classification.All patients were treated with pedicle subtration osteotomy and pedicle screw internal fixation,which SPO osteotomy 2 cases,PSO osteotomy 11 cases,VCR osteotomy 4 cases.Results There were 17 cases of complications in 147 patients,the complication rate was 11.6％(17/147).The causes were as followed,screw malposition in 2 cases,compromised by close of resected areas in 2 case,residual bone compression in 1 case,acute spinal cord injury in 2 cases,infection in 2 cases,broken stick or loosen hat in 3 cases,and superior mesenteric artery syndrome in 5 cases.Postoperative neurological complications occurred in 7 cases.Two cases with preoperative ASIA D became ASIA C,5 cases with normal nerve function became ASIA C in 2 cases and ASIA D in 3 cases.After surgical exploration,given Methylprednisolone and neurotrophic drugs,removal or changing of the internal fixation,anti-infection and symptomatic treatment,15 cases recovered completely and 2 cases improved partially.Conclusion One-stage posterior spinal osteotomy for severe spinal deformity is technical demanding and risky,and the postoperative complications are common.Appropriate operative procedure,close observation of sensation and motor function,timely surgical exploration and nerve decompression,and early brace wear are all required.

BACKGROUND:Idiopathic scoliosis is most common among al the scoliosis. Accompanied by the nervous system, the endocrine system as wel as nutritional and metabolic abnormalities, patients usual y cannot be redressed and cured by conservative treatment, but often require surgical operation. Surgery for malformation is a very complicated project, and is real y of great significance for an in-depth research on treatment and turnover of idiopathic scoliosis.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the correction effect of posterior screw-rod fixation for idiopathic scoliosis, and explore the relevant factors influencing its effectiveness.
METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed 80 cases receiving pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in the latest four years. Age, gender, disease duration, preoperative and postoperative X-ray measurement of coronal Cobb’s angle, and trunk deviation were recorded, and statistical y analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Univariate analysis showed that gender and disease duration were not significantly correlated with postoperative correction results (P>0.05). However, the age distribution of patients, the location of scoliosis, and scoliosis flexibility were associated with curative effects of internal fixation (P<0.05). Posterior screw-rod fixation for idiopathic scoliosis can achieve significant effects. The patient’s age, location and flexibility of scoliosis have a significant effect on the effects of fixation. The patient’s gender and disease duration had no significant effect on fixation effects.

Objective To establish a rapid and accurate method, and to determine the density of mice and rats sperm with enzyme-labeled instrument.Methods ①The optimal wavelengths and the regression equation set up: After six Kunming mice and six Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed, the left epididymis was separated and fully cut up in phosphate buffer saline.With water bath, the sperm were fully dissociated.Using the enzyme-labeled instrument to detect the wavelength absorbance respectively under different wavelength and fitting absorbance curve.The best wavelength will be the most close to 1 of the correlation coefficient ( R2 ) and the standard deviation of minimum.After ten Kunming mice and ten Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed,the sperm suspension of different concentration gradient were got.The regression equation of the sperm density and absorbance was established by using enzyme-labeled instrument and haemocytometer.②The test of sperm absorbance stability: Mice and rats,six respectively,were used to make the sperm suspension.Samples were put in room temperature (25℃) or 37℃water bath continued,and after water bath about 0,20,30,40,50, 60 min,the change of absorbance was recorded.③The regression equation verification:The mice were administrated orally with 20% ethanol solution for 30 days to make oligospermia.In order to verify the new method, two different method were used to get the sample sperm.Results The optimal absorbancy-sperm density curve could be established at 380 nm.The means of KM mice sperm count ( x1 ) and absorbance ( y1 ) are showed to be the linear function,and the linear regression equation is y1 =2 ×10 -9 x1 +0.0648, R2 =0.9743.The means of SD rat sperm count ( x2 ) and absorbance (y2) are showed to be the linear function,and the linear regression equation is y2 =5 ×10 -9x2 +0.0621,R2 =0.9940.SD rat sperm suspension liquid after 60 min in water bath, absorbance value at 0 min significantly decreased(P<0.05), but at room temperature after 40 min significantly increased ( P<0.05); KM mice sperm suspension in the water bath and under the condition of normal temperature after 50 min, compared with the 0 min, absorbance value increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with control group, sperm density of ethanol oligozoospermia group by enzyme standard detector and standard curve calculation were significantly decreased ( P <0.05 );compared with absorbancy-sperm density equation, determination of ethanol oligozoospermia group of sperm density by cell counting plate method had not significant difference.The results suggested absorbancy-sperm density equation could effectively detect the reduction of the mice sperm in oligospermia.Conclusion Using enzyme-labeled instrument to set up the curve of absorbancy-sperm density equation can estimate the sperm density of mice and rats rapidly and exactly.

Objectives To investigate the changes of erythropoietin(EPO)expression in rats after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal,sham,cerebral ischemic/reperfusion(CIR)groups.Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MACO)model was established by Longa's method,and reperfusion was followed 2 hours after occlusion in CIR group.The rats' brain neurological deficit scores were evaluated at 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h after reperfusion.The protein expression of EPO was determined by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting in each time points.Results The rats' brain neurological deficit scores at 48 h,72 h and 96 h were significantly increased(3.40±0.32,3.60±0.17,3.70±0.21,all P<0.05)compared with those at 24 h(3.00±0.22)after reperfusion in CIR group.The results of immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting showed that the positive expression of EPO proteins in rats started at 24 h(0.36±0.05,140.20±0.30)after cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury,increased significantly at 48 h(1.09±0.10,145.40±0.16),reached the peak at 72 h(1.29±0.09,156.23±0.12),began to decline at 96 h(0.98±0.04,141.56±0.36).Conclusions Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury can induce increased expression of EPO protein,which suggests that EPO may have protective effect on nerve cells under the condition of ischemia and reperfusion.

Objective To evaluate the effects of age factors on hypothermia-induced reduction of ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in isolated rat hearts.Methods Pathogen-free healthy aged male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 18-20 months,weighing 400-600 g,and young rats,aged 4-6 months,weighing 280-350 g,were used in the study.After the animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate and heparinized,their hearts were excised and perfused with K-H solution in a Langendorff apparatus.Twenty-four isolated hearts of aged rats were assigned into 2 groups(n=12 each)using a random number table:I/R group(group AI/R)and hypothermia group(group AH).Twenty-four isolated hearts of young rats were assigned into 2 groups(n=12 each)using a random number table:I/R group(group YI/R)and hypothermia group(group YH).Perfusion was suspended for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion to establish the model of I/R.The temperature was maintained at 37 ℃ during the whole process in AI/R and YI/R groups.The hearts were perfused with 34 ℃ K-H solution until 120 min of reperfusion starting from onset of reperfusion in AH and YH groups.At 30 min of equilibration(T0)and 15,30,60 and 120 min of reperfusion(T1-4),heart rate(HR),left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP),the maximum rate of increase in left ventricular pressure(+dp/dtmax),and the minimum rate of increase in left ventricular pressure(+dp/dtmin)were recorded.Six hearts from each group were randomly selected at T4,and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of ATP,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels and myocardial infarct size(IS).Results Compared with group YI/R,HR was significantly decreased at T1-4,ATP and SOD levels were increased,and the MDA content and myocardial IS were decreased in group YH,and the HR,LVDP,+dp/dtmax and +dp/dtmin at T0 and ATP and SOD levels at T4 were significantly decreased,and the MDA content and myocardial IS were increased in group AI/R(P<0.05).Compared with group YH,HR,LVDP,+dp/dtmax and +dp/dtmin at T0 and ATP and SOD levels at T4 were significantly decreased,and the MDA content and myocardial IS were increased in group AH(P<0.05).Compared with group AH,the levels of ATP and SOD were significantly decreased,and the MDA content and myocardial IS were increased in group AI/R(P<0.05).Conclusion Age factors affect the efficacy of hypothermia in reducing I/R injury in isolated rat hearts,and hypothermia provides better cardioprotection for young rats than for aged rats.

AIM To speculate the hypoglycemic mechanism for rats with type 2 diabetes by exploring the therapeutic effects of leaf aqueous extract from Cyclocarya paliurus on liver insulin receptor (InsR) and insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2).METHODS The diabetic rat model was established through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and fed with high-fat diet.The moleled rats were equally assigned into the control group and leaf aqueous extract from Cyclocarya paliurus group (extract group).After the test extract was orally administrated for four weeks,body weight,urine output,food intake,water intake and fasting blood-glucose (FBG) were measured,and the levels of serum insulin,InsR and IRS-2 mRNA in liver tissue were investigated in rats.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the extract group showed a reduction in urine output,food intake,water intake,FBG and insulin levels.Meanwhile,the rats' body weights in extract group were presented a trend to increase.The gene expressions of InsR and IRS-2 in liver tissue were up-regulated.Moreover,the insulin sensitivity was improved.CONCLUSION The leaf aqueous extract from Cyclocarya paliurus can reduce FBS,improve insulin sensitivity,which may be associated with the increase of InsR and IRS-2 gene expression in liver tissue.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of individualized subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in allergic rhinitis(AR) maintain phase. METHOD: Compare nasal symptom scores (VAS) and special disease scale--nasal conjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire(RQLQ) score after 3 years treatment to evaluate the therapeutic effect of each group and the level of improving patients quality of life. Take patients' blood to detect the serum level of IL-10 by enzyme linked immunosorbent test (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). RESULT: After 3 years treatment, there was no difference of VAS between the conventional SCIT group and the individualized SCIT group. ELISA results showed that the level of IL-10 was significantly higher in the drug symptomatic treatment group than that in the healthy group, the levels of IL-10 were significantly lower in the conventional SCIT group and the individualized SCIT group than that in the healthy group, but there was no difference between the conventional SCIT and the individualized SCIT group. CONCLUSION After 3 years treatment, there was no difference between conventional and individualized SCIT groups. But the efficacy of the conventional and individualized SCIT groups were significantly better than that in the drug symptomatic treatment group.
Desensitization, Immunologic ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Precision Medicine ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; drug therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires